The Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® technology makes Technipa leading provider of fluid bed systems

Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

Engineering and technologies

2

Technip is a world leader in project management, engineering and construction for

the oil and gas industry.

With a global footprint, our talents constantly offer the most innovative technologies and

best solutions to our clients to optimize their investments and meet the world’s energy

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Our mission is to deliver safe, sustainable and quality projects across the world.

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In the Offshore business, our

activities include engineering,

procurement, construction (EPC) and

installation of fixed and floating

platforms.

We use a complete range of

technological solutions to answer

the challenges faced by our clients.

We are leveraging our expertise in

full-range of offshore facilities, as

well as our strong know-how with

added-value process skills and

proprietary platform design.

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In the Onshore business, we deliver to

our clients all the experience we have

acquired for almost 60 years, combined

with a large technology solutions

portfolio. We are working on onshore

facilities that the energy sector needs, in

particular for oil and gas industry players.

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the refining business and petrochemical

units. We also reinforced our position on

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activities, by leveraging our expertise in

the management of complex projects.

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operational assets on all

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fleet, we offer a unique vertically

integrated model in the industry.

Technip at a glance

3Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

50 t/d Arseno-pyrite roaster, Australia 88 t/d Arseno-pyrite roaster, Australia

1,650 t/d Phosphate rock calciner, Morocco

The Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® technology makes Technip a leading provider of

fluid bed systems, with nearly 1,000 reference projects.

The technology was developed over a 70-year period with a wide range of

applications in the metallurgical, chemical and waste processing industries.

Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

Technology history

The technology was developed by Dorr-Oliver starting in the early 1940s. The first commercial installation, an arseno-pyriteroaster for gold recovery, came in 1947. In 1997, the business was transferred from Dorr-Oliver to sister company KineticsTechnology International (KTI), a company specializing in furnaces and other high temperature equipment and systems. In 2000,KTI merged with Technip, who has continued to develop the technology. In 2012, Technip Stone & Webster Process Technologybecame the exclusive provider of this technology, offering modern fluidized bed systems for roasting, calcining, incineration,and a host of other applications to customers worldwide.

FluoSolids® references include:

More than 310 roaster systems for metallurgical applications, as well as sulfurdioxide and sulfuric acid manufactureMore than 100 calcining systemsMore than 270 drying systemsMore than 90 preheaters and calcine coolersMore than 200 waste incineration systems, both municipal and industrial

Main features

Chemical and thermal efficiencySimple start-up and shut-downUniform solids temperature in the bedVariable solids retention timeVertical, cylindrical design for efficient space utilizationLow operating costNo internal moving partsLong refractory lifeLow maintenance costsSimple controls

2 x 3850 MTPD nickel ore roasters, Koniambo,New Caledonia

4 Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

The world's first commercial fluidized bed roasting system

was a FluoSolids® unit designed to treat gold-bearing

sulfide ore. The technology continued to develop under

Dorr-Oliver and now Technip to include a vast array of

roasting process applications and reactor designs.

Roaster with slurry feed

Roasting applications

Commercial FluoSolids® roasters have been designed and supplied to implement thefollowing processes:

Two-stage roasting of refractory gold ore using pure oxygen (Freeport process)CFB roasting of refractory gold oreTwo-stage roasting of gold-bearing arseno-pyrite concentrates for arsenic andsulfur removalPartial roasting of copper and nickel sulfides for sulfur control in smeltingDead roasting of pyrite, pyrrhotite, zinc, nickel and other sulfidesSulfation roasting of Cu and Cu/Co sulfides (RLE processes)Reduction roasting of iron ores and nickel laterite oresChlorination roasting of copper ores (TORCO process)

Operating Advantages

Ease of operationHigh reliabilityLow operating and maintenance costsFlexible designs for various roasting applications

Features of a FluoSolids® roaster system

FluoSolids® roaster systems incorporate the ideal combination of design features,specific to any application. Each roaster system is tailored to the specific processrequirements and solids handling characteristics. FluoSolids® systems have incorporatedthe following design features:

Cyclone, bag filter and hot ESP dust collectionDirect quench and fluid bed calcine coolers with heat recoveryFluidized feed distributors for bone dry feedSlinger-belt feeders for filter cake feedSlurry distributors and in-bed slurry injectionDirect in-bed injection of liquid, gas and solid fuelsIn-bed steam coils for temperature control and heat recoveryExhaust gas waste heat boilers

Nearly

1,000 references

worldwide

Roasting systems

5Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

The multi-compartment FluoSolids®

reactor usually consists of a reaction bed

and one or more heat exchange beds for

heat recovery.

Multi-compartment calciner

4 x 1,500 t/d Phosphate rock calciner, USA

Calcining systems

In a typical 3-stage unit as illustrated here, hot gases from the main calciningcompartment are used to dry and preheat calciner feed. Fuel is directly injected intothe reaction compartment, where temperature and atmosphere are closely controlled.Finally, heat is recovered from hot product solids and used to preheat the fluidizingair. Auxiliary vessels, such as fluid bed spray coolers or indirect coolers may be usedto further cool product solids for ease of handling.

Applications

Multi-compartment FluoSolids® reactors have been successfully employed in thefollowing applications:

Limestone calciningCalcium and magnesium sulfite decompositionFoundry sand calciningIlmenite roastingPhosphate rock calciningFireclay calciningLime mud calcining and pelletizationAlumina and bauxite calcinationIron ore preheatingIron ore reduction (hematite to magnetite)Manganese oxide reduction

6 Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

Combustion system Combuster, USA

The fluid bed with its homogeneoustemperature, high turbulence and longresidence time performs exceptionallywell for the combustion of sludges,waste oils, waste chemicals, solid wastesand other hazardous wastes. Totalsystems are available from feed to stackincluding ash dewatering and heatrecovery.

Features

All combustion systems are designed to specific application and process requirementsand solids handling characteristics. FluoSolids® systems for the municipal and industrialwaste sectors have these integrated features designed into each plant:

Efficient combustion with low excess airLower temperature operations for equivalent combustion resultsReduced air emissionsFlexibility of operationSimplicity of controlLower staffing requirementsLower maintenance and operating costsLower total system capital costs

Applications

Technip is the world's most qualified supplier of fluidized bed waste combustionsystems. Installation capacity ranges from 2 to 200 million BTU per hour feed input.

Municipal sludges - primary, secondaryPetroleum wastesPharmaceutical sludgePulp and paper deinking sludgeAutomobile manufacturing wasteFood wastesLivestock wasteChemical process waste

Combustion systems

Technip is a world leader in FluoSolids® combustion technology with more than

200 installations worldwide, spanning the municipal, refining, petrochemical,

food, pharmaceutical and pulp/paper industry sectors.

Circulating fluid bed (CFB) systems

7Dorr-Oliver FluoSolids® Systems

Advantages

Improved reaction kineticsGreater range of gas turndown capabilityHigher throughput per unit area

Additionalcapabilities

Circulating fluid bed

4,500 t/d CFB gold ore roaster inMali, West Africa

120 t/h sand dryer system,Sweden

Refinery waste incinerator,USA

Fluid bed dryers

Technip can design and supply fluid beddryers for a multitude of applications.Dryer systems can be configured fordirect heating, indirect heating with bedcoils, or as a dryer-cooler combination.Applications have included:

Limestone and DolomitePhosphate RockPotashSulfide concentratesSand and FluxSlag AluminaCoal and CokeUranium OrePlastics and ChemicalsCatalyst

Heat recovery & gas cleaning

High temperature exhaust gases provide the possibility of heat recovery. Techniphas provided heat recovery systems of flue gas to air, flue gas to water and flue gasto steam via water tube or fire tube waste heat boilers. Every fluid bed produces acarry-over of solids and gaseous products in the gas stream. Technip designs proprietarycyclones and venturi scrubbers for solids recovery and emission control. Dorr-Oliverhas also provided multiple component custom-designed emission trains to meetthe most stringent environmental air regulations. A plumeless stack appearance canalso be obtained using flue gas heat recovery. Special exothermic applications havecoils in the fluid bed for steam generation.

Pilot scale testing

Technip routinely conducts pilot planttesting of fluid bed processes to supportequipment design, scale-up, and processguarantees. This testing offers the followingadvantages:

Determine process feasibilityOptimize product qualityDefine gaseous emissionsProve destruction and removalefficiencyEstablish design parameters for commercial design

As gas velocities increase, more fluidized solids are carried

upward in the reactor and the boundary between the bed and

freeboard zones becomes less distinct.

A dense phase of coarse solids is created in the lower zone of the reactor followedby a dilute phase of upwardly moving particles in the upper zone. A majority of thesolids exit the reactor with the exhaust gases and are collected and re-circulated viaa cyclone.

HEADqUARTERSTechnip89 avenue de la Grande Armée75773 Paris Cedex 16 France Phone: +33 (0)1 47 78 24 00

CONTACTSTechnip Stone & Webster Process TechnologyBrent SCHIER 1430 Enclave ParkwayHouston, Texas 77077USAPhone: +1 281 848 5234Fax: +1 281 575 6653e-mail: bschier@technip.com

Kevin O’MALLEY / Eric ECCLESTON555 West Arrow HighwayClaremont, California 91711USAPhone: + 909 447 3600Fax: + 909 447 3704e-mail: komalley@technip.come-mail: eeccleston@technip,com

This document is the property of Technip and is not intended to be a binding contractual document. Any information contained herein shall not result in any binding obligation on the part of Technip, orany of its affiliates, and is provided for information purposes only.Technip - Group Communications - February 2016 - Photo credits: Technip.

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