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The development of air defence solutions to counter ever-evolving threats 29 November 2018
Ian Briggs
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Contents
▌ Where are we now?
Historic VSHORAD requirements
Current air defence landscape in which we operate
▌ Where are we going?
How are the air defence threats evolving?
The challenge for missile designers
- Customer pull
▌ How do we get there?
System-level approach to concept development
Engineering-level concept design
- Technology push
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FGAs
Where are we now?
▌ Existing VSHORAD requirements
Relatively few targets
Well-defined target set
Traditional near-peer enemy
- Led to the creation of highly-specialised effects
Attack helicopters Cruise missiles
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Where are we now? STARStreak-HVM
▌ STARStreak-HVM
Innovative approach to the customer needs
High Velocity Missile
- Mach 3 following two-stage motor burn
- Delivers 3 high-energy hittiles to maximise the
probability of hit
- Darts penetrate the target before warhead detonation
Minimises chance of reaction from targets
Not susceptible to countermeasures
Designed to be highly effective against FGAs and late unmasking targets
Effective range of 7 km
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Where are we now? LMM
▌ LMM
Complementary missile to STARStreak-
HVM
Multirole
- Surface-to-air (CS-GBAD)
- Air-to-surface (FASGW-L)
- Surface-to-surface (land and maritime
force protection)
Additional capability against UAS and
point-defence against cruise missiles
- Addition of a blast fragmentation
warhead and proximity fuze
Effective out to 6 km
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Anti radiation missile
ATGW
Attack Helicopter
Air ground missile
Ground attack aircraft
Sub, Super Sonic Cruise
Where are we now? STARStreak-HVM & LMM
Class 2 UAV
Altitu
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Range
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Anti radiation missile
Tactical Ballistic missile
300mm Rocket
120mm Rocket
120mm mortar
Glide bomb
ATGW
Attack Helicopter
Air ground missile
Ground attack aircraft
Sub, Super Sonic Cruise
Where are we going? Changing landscape of air defence
Hypersonic Cruise
Class 2 UAV
Class 3 UAV
Traditional CS-GBAD
Altitu
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Range
C-UAS
Micro UAV
Nano UAV
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Changing landscape of air defence
▌ Rapid evolution of threat capability and application
▌ Proliferation of smaller targets
UAVs, including swarms
▌ Trend towards increased standoff of the traditional threat
What are the implications of increased range?
- Do we need a different approach to guidance and identification?
- Places increased demand on guidance accuracy
Gives the target low observability
- Implications for sensors
▌ Cannot guarantee air superiority
May have time-limited pockets of superiority
Expect persistent UAVs
Need to increase combat mass
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▌ Global picture: multiple international customers
Each with different requirement sets within the air defence landscape
▌ Importance of having an agile response
Ability to maintain or reduce time-to-action despite increasing complexity of
response (critical decision chain)
Changing landscape of air defence
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Changing landscape of air defence
▌ Expect the airspace to be saturated
Need increased combat mass to counter the increased diversity of threat
Expect multiple simultaneous targets
- Places increasing strain on the Fire Control System rather than the effector
- Lends itself to a coordinated system-level approach
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Changing landscape of air defence - summary
▌ Important to recognise that the traditional threat set still exists
Likely to still be a need for STARStreak/LMM-type capability
Range has been extended
- Does our approach change?
– Target the munition rather than platform?
– Change our CONOPS approach?
– How do we define a mission success?
It now exists within a much more complex and challenging air defence landscape
- The threat has reacted and adapted to current air defence measures
- We need to pre-empt the enemy response
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▌ How do we get there?
Part 1: Concept development approach
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Concept development approach
▌ Concept design cycle
Customer requirements
Sub-systems
- Requirement pull
- Technology push
Air Defence solutions
- Effectors
- Fire Control System
- Detection
- Decision-making
Operational Assessment
- Thales Battlelab
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▌Thales Battlelab
Virtual prototyping tool
- Hardware-in-the-loop
environment
- Explore situations with customers
– Individual platforms
– Overall solutions
– System of Systems
- Develop/demonstrate CONOPS
- Quick turnaround
Also inform new concepts at an early stage of the design cycle
- Allows the user to be an integral part of the process
Concept development approach
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Concept development approach
▌ We can implement spiral development cycles
Shorter development timelines
Faster turnaround
Requires a highly-skilled workforce
▌ Exploit commonality, modularity, re-use
Modular family of weapons to cover a wide number of targets/ranges – ‘layered approach’
Leads to a flexible solution to meet a wide range of customer needs
Allows for adaptability if requirements change
Lends itself to future subsystem upgrades
Plug-and-play operation
Ability to re-use well-proven technology
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▌ How do we get there?
Part 2: Concept design
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Concept design
ACCURACY v COST v MASS
REQ
s
INCREASED STAND-OFF
MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS
TARGETS
FIRE & FORGET (FIRE & MOVE)
DATA COORDINATION
TEC
H A
REA
S
ROCKET MOTOR GUIDANCE PLATFORM WARHEAD
NOVEL PROPELLANTS
THRUST MANAGEMENT
TERMINAL CONTROL
SMALLER TARGETS
TEC
H S
OLU
TIO
NS
TRADITIONAL
NOVEL SOLUTIONS
(EMP/DEW, etc)
DIRECTED EFFECT
IMPROVED ACCURACY
LASER BEAM RIDING
MULTI-CHANNEL BEAM RIDING
SEMI-ACTIVE BEAM RIDING
SEEKERS
REMOTE UNITS
INTELLIGENT ALGORITHMS
TARGET MANAGEMENT
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▌ Conclusions
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Conclusions
▌ We can expect an evolutionary threat development
Multiple small targets, RAM, etc.
Traditional threat set still exists, but at increased stand-off
▌ Need to be able to address this evolution of the threat
Develop our evaluation processes
Build and maintain a UK-level experienced skills base
Use technology awareness to influence the customers’ direction
▌ Develop innovative solutions to meet the customer requirements
Layered, modular approach
Maximise coverage
Make better use of digital technology
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