the cultural landscape: south america · 2019. 10. 29. · •the cultural landscape of south...
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The Cultural Landscape: South America
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Colonial Heritage: Language
• The cultural landscape of South America reveals the heavy influence of European Colonization – Linguistically South
America is primarily divided between Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Native Languages
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Native Language Divisions
• Many regional native languages still exist
– Largest language families are Quechua, Guarani, and Aymara
– Estimated 448 languages as part of 37 different language families
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Colonial Heritage: Catholicism
• 70%-80% of South Americans identify as members of the Catholic Church
– Other major religions are Protestant Christian, Hindu, and Islam
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Catholicism in Latin America
• Catholicism diffused to South America by the Spanish, Portuguese, and French – Estimated 480 million
Catholics in Latin America
• In 2013 Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina became the first Pope ever from Latin America – Chose the Regnum name
of Pope Francis
Catholic Cathedral in Cusco, Peru
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“The Beautiful Game”
• Soccer diffused to South America in 1800s – Most likely in 1860 by
British sailors in Buenos Aires
• Especially popular due to limited amount of equipment needed to play
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South American Urban Growth
• Cities consist of central market and modern CBD
• Wealthier residents live close to central “mall” of businesses
• Informal squatter settlements develop along fringes of the city
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Case Study: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Villa Miseria Central Business District
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Case Study: Brazilian Favelas
• Favelas are Brazil’s informal settlements, often growing outside the control of the government
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South American Racial Divisions
• Population influenced by European colonization, and Africans brought as slaves – Amerindian - Term for
Native Americans
– Mestizo – Combined Amerindian and European descent
– Mullato – Combined African and Amerindian or European descent
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Caballerismo and Machismo
• Contrasting Gender Norms in South America – Caballerismo – translates to
Knightliness, refers to South American mentality of being a gentleman towards women
– Machismo – Refers to the attitude of “manliness” • Perceived as highly sexist by
Western cultures
• Not as common anymore, especially in urban areas
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Sources
Native Languages Map Copyright of the map: Jost Gippert, Frankfurt a/M 1993-2010.
A previous version of the map was published in printed form in H. Glück (ed.), Metzler Lexikon Sprache, Stuttgart / Weimar: Metzler 1993, and later editions.