the crowded universe - national space grant foundation · the crowded universe the formation of...
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The Crowded Universe
The Formation of Planetary Systems
Heretic’s Approach to Solar System
0FormationFForm
Alan P. Boss DTM, Carnegie Institution
National Council of Space Grant Directors’ Spring Meeting Arlington, Virginia February 27, 2014
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Mayor & Queloz (1995)
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Discovery space with latest discoveries added Discovery space with hot and warm super-Earths and their gas giant planet siblings
Mu Ara
55 Cnc Gl 876
Gl 436:
solo? HD 69830
~30% of solar-type
stars have super-
Earths (Mayor et al.
2009)
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Planetary transits
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Charbonneau et al. (2000) HD 209458b
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Gravitational microlensing
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Microlensing detection with Warsaw 1.3m telescope, Las Campanas - 2004
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Discovery space with latest discoveries added Discovery space with planets around M dwarf stars highlighted
GJ 876
GJ 436
OGLE-2005-BLG-390
GJ 581
OGLE-2003-BLG-235
OGLE-2005-BLG-071
GJ 876
GJ 876
OGLE-2005-BLG-169
OGLE-2006-BLG-109b,c
GJ 317 GJ 849
GJ 176
cold super-Earths
MOA-2007-BLG-192
OGLE-2005-BLG-071
cold Jupiters
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Cassan et al. (2012)
0.5 AU to 10 AU:
17% - 0.3 to 10 MJup
52% - 10 to 30 MEarth
62% - 5 to 10 MEarth
red dwarf K,M stars
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Marois et al. (2008, 2010): four exoplanets
M > 5-7 Mjup & distances of 14, 24, 38, 68 AU
A5 star, 1.5 MSun
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Discovery space circa 2010
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Launched: March 6, 2009
“TPF-T”
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Venus transiting the Sun on June 8, 2004 (Robert Traube image)
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Radius =1.42 R_Earth
Mass =4.56 M_Earth
Density = 8.8 g/cm3
Semi-major axis = 0.0167 AU
Orbital Period = 0.84 days
Equilibrium Temperature = 1833 K
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Composition of Kepler-10b
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20
Candidates as of June 2010 Q0-Q1: May-June 2009
Orbital Period in days
Siz
e R
ela
tive
to
Ea
rth
Jun 2010
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Candidates as of Feb 2011 Q0-Q5: May 2009 - Jun 2010
Orbital Period in days
Siz
e R
ela
tive
to
Ea
rth
Jun 2010 Feb 2011
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Orbital Period in days
Siz
e R
ela
tive
to
Ea
rth
Candidates as of Dec 2011 Q0-Q6: May 2009 - Sep 2010
Jun 2010 Feb 2011 Dec 2011
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1 4 10 50 100 200 400
1
4
10
20
Jupiter
Neptune
Earth
Orbital Period in days
Ra
diu
s R
ela
tive t
o E
art
h
Kepler’s Planet Candidates22 Months: May 2009 - Mar 2011
Chris Burke: 216.02
2010,2011 2012 2013
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3602
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3602 HZ: 1/3?
(first 3 years of data)
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NASA’s TPF Coronagraph
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NASA’s 2.4m NRO telescopes
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Swain et al. (2008) - HD 189733 b with HST Nicmos
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Terrestrial Planet Imager?
2 x 17m diameter - 120 km apart
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