The Counterculture Movement

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality

I. The Latino Presence Grows.

A. During the 1960’s, the Latino population in the United States triples.

B. America's Latino population are made up of Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, Colombians and Puerto Rican Americans.

C. Many Latinos encounter ethnic prejudices.

II. Latinos Fight for Change.

A. Cesar Chavez used nonviolent means to organize Mexican-American farm workers. - United Farm Workers Organizing Committee.

II. Latinos Fight for Change.

B. The event that was most responsible for Chavez's group gaining negotiating power as a recognized union was a national boycott.

II. Latinos Fight for Change.

C. Chavez helped to gain recognition for his cause with a 35-day fast in 1968.

D. Latino “Brown Power” movements promote ethnic pride

E. David Sanchez formed the Brown Berets.

II. Latinos Fight for Change.

F. Latino groups were successful in getting the U.S. Congress to pass a law providing for bilingual education.

G. Latinos begin to organizing politicallyH. La Raza Unida was formed in 1970 as a

political party In the 1970s, La Raza Unida focused its efforts on electing Latinos to public office.

III. Native Americans Struggle for Equality

A. In the 1960’s, Native Americans seek more control over their lives.

B. Termination – Assimilation into America removed from reservation life.

C. In the 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose, Native American groups focused on the right to property ownership and called for an end to the termination program.

III. Native Americans Struggle for Equality

A. The American Indian Movement brings a new spirit of militancy to the struggle for equality.

B. AIM confronts the government-sometimes violently- to seek greater reforms for Native Americans.

C. In the 1970s, the American Indian Movement organized the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs., occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota. And Trail of Broken Treaties march on Washington.

Russell Means

D. The demonstrations organized by the American Indian Movement were designed to actively confront the federal government.

Native Americans

E. Native Americans win both legislative and legal battles.– 1. The Indian Education Act gave greater

control over the education of Native Americans to Native American tribes

– 2. The Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act

F. Native Americans were able to reclaim land taken from them by treaty violations.

Women Fight for Equality

Women encounter wide spread job and wage discrimination.

Experiences in the Civil Rights and anti-war movements increase the awareness of sexism.

Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique helps to inspire the womens movement.

The National Organization of Women (NOW) is created to pursue women’s goals.

Radical and moderate factions form within the women’s movement.

With the ruling of Roe v. Wade, feminist groups win their battle in their fight for abortion rights.

The New Right helps block the Equal Rights Amendment.

I. The Counterculture

A. Members of the Counterculture reject mainstream society and try to create an idyllic world of peace, love and harmony.

B. Members of the counterculture movement of the 1960s and 1970s were mainly white and middle-class.

C. Timothy Leary

Members of the counterculture were known as hippies.

Timothy Leary provided the counterculture movement with the philosophy of "Tune in, turn on, drop out“

Leary advocated the use of LSD and “mind expanding” drugs.

D. Hippies

1. Hippie life usually involves rock ‘n’ roll, outrageous clothing and appearance and drugs.

2. San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district became the Hippie capital.

E. Decline of the Movement

1. After a few years, the counterculture’s peace and harmony give way to violence, drug abuse and disillusionment. Movement

2. Janis Joplin dies of an overdose.

3. Charles Manson

Charles Manson and his “family” murders actress Sharon Tate and four others.

Manson and his “girls” of Helter Skelter were found guilty and sentenced to death.

II. A Changing Culture

A. The rebelliousness of the counterculture influences styles of art and fashion.

B. Andy Warhol would become famous for his “Pop Art”

II. A Changing Culture

C. Hippies embrace rock music as their anthem of social protest and cultural exchange.

D. The Beatles from Liverpool, England took America by storm the beginning of the British Invasion

1. The British Invasion

Other groups would follow- The Rolling Stones, Moody Blues, the Yardbirds and the Who.

2. Woodstock

400,000 young people showed up at Woodstock New York to hear Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Joe Cocker Joan Baez, Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead perform for three days in Aug 1969.

The counterculture leaves a legacy of more relaxed attitudes toward sex, marriage, behavior and relationships.

1. The counterculture movement was weakened by violent incidents., the effects of drug use. And dependency on mainstream America.

III Conservatives Response

The conservatives blame campus rebels and the counterculture for the increasing permissiveness in American society.

The conservative reaction to the counterculture helped propel Richard M. Nixon into the White House.