The Coming of War The Coming of War

Chapter 16 VocabularyChapter 16 Vocabulary

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Theory of government in which a single Theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people.social, and cultural lives of its people.

(see chart on p 517)(see chart on p 517)

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Founder of Italian fascismFounder of Italian fascism Once appointed the premier of Italy, he Once appointed the premier of Italy, he

worked to destroy democracy and worked to destroy democracy and created a dictatorship.created a dictatorship.

Fascism Fascism

Aggressive nationalismAggressive nationalism Believed that the nation was more Believed that the nation was more

important than the individual.important than the individual. Individualism weakens a nation, and a Individualism weakens a nation, and a

strong government led by a dictator was strong government led by a dictator was needed for a strong, orderly society.needed for a strong, orderly society.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Dictator of the USSR, beginning in 1926.Dictator of the USSR, beginning in 1926. Cruel, Ruthless, and tyrannicalCruel, Ruthless, and tyrannical At least 10 million people were killed At least 10 million people were killed

under Stalin’s rule.under Stalin’s rule.

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Anti-communist and Mussolini supporterAnti-communist and Mussolini supporter Leader of the Nazi (Nationalist-Socialist) Leader of the Nazi (Nationalist-Socialist)

Party (anti communist, nationalistic)Party (anti communist, nationalistic) Argued that Germans were part of a Argued that Germans were part of a

superior race and that Germany needed superior race and that Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space).more “lebensraum” (living space).

Took power in Germany in 1933.Took power in Germany in 1933.

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

Civil war between the government and Civil war between the government and fascists led by Francisco Franco.fascists led by Francisco Franco.

Germany and Italy supported Franco in Germany and Italy supported Franco in his bid to take over Spain.his bid to take over Spain.

AppeasementAppeasement

The policies of giving concessions in The policies of giving concessions in exchange for peace.exchange for peace.

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

““lightning war”lightning war” Used large numbers of massed tanks to Used large numbers of massed tanks to

break through and rapidly encircle enemy break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions. positions.

Supporting the tanks were waves of Supporting the tanks were waves of aircraft that bombed enemy positions and aircraft that bombed enemy positions and dropped paratroopers to cut their supply dropped paratroopers to cut their supply lines.lines.

Nazi-Soviet Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression PactNonaggression Pact

Promise between Germany and the Promise between Germany and the USSR not to declare war against each USSR not to declare war against each other.other.

Also, promised to attack Poland and split Also, promised to attack Poland and split it up.it up.

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Germany, Italy, and JapanGermany, Italy, and Japan

AlliesAllies

BritainBritain FranceFrance USSR (eventually)USSR (eventually) US (eventually)US (eventually) ChinaChina

Nye CommitteeNye Committee

Investigated US entry into WW1, and Investigated US entry into WW1, and created the impression that economic created the impression that economic profit led America’s entry into the war.profit led America’s entry into the war.

Part II: Turned American towards Part II: Turned American towards isolationism.isolationism.

Part III: On your ownPart III: On your own

Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts

Made it illegal to sell weapons to any Made it illegal to sell weapons to any nation at war.nation at war.

Didn’t distinguish between aggressors Didn’t distinguish between aggressors and victims.and victims.

Cash and Carry ProvisionCash and Carry Provision

Amended previous Neutrality Acts by Amended previous Neutrality Acts by stating that the US could sell weapons to stating that the US could sell weapons to warring nations if they paid cash and warring nations if they paid cash and carried the arms on their own ships.carried the arms on their own ships.

Tripartite PactTripartite Pact

Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, signed in September, 1940Japan, signed in September, 1940

Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act

Removed the cash requirement from the Removed the cash requirement from the cash and carry provisioncash and carry provision

Made it possible for the US to lend or Made it possible for the US to lend or lease arms to any country “vital to the lease arms to any country “vital to the defense of the United States.”defense of the United States.”

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

Replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Great Britain.Minister of Great Britain.

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter

Committed FDR and Churchill to a post Committed FDR and Churchill to a post war world of democracy, non-aggression, war world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancement, and free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. freedom of the seas.

Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Prime Minister of Japan who was Prime Minister of Japan who was focused on Japanese expansion.focused on Japanese expansion.

Originally sought to keep the US neutral, Originally sought to keep the US neutral, but later planned the attack on Pearl but later planned the attack on Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

US Naval base in Hawaii and site of the US Naval base in Hawaii and site of the 1941 Japanese attack.1941 Japanese attack.

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

Commander of US Army forces in AsiaCommander of US Army forces in Asia When the Japanese took the Philippines, When the Japanese took the Philippines,

MacArthur evacuated to Australia, but MacArthur evacuated to Australia, but pledged to return.pledged to return.

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

Forced march of Filipino and American Forced march of Filipino and American prisoners up the Bataan Peninsula.prisoners up the Bataan Peninsula.

More than 7000 prisoners died.More than 7000 prisoners died.