The Coming Decade of Open AccessMoving Beyond Traditional Forms

and Functions of Scholarly Communications

Leslie ChanUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughBioline International

Agenda• What is Open Access and its key benefits• Growth of OA in the last ten years• Key trends and developments

– Global and Local trends (Brazil)– New and Exciting Developments

• Areas that are still deficient• Looking to the Future and Suggestions for

Collaborations

• What is Open Access and its key benefits• Growth of OA in the last ten years• Key trends and developments

– Global and Local trends (Brazil)– New and Exciting Developments

• Areas that are still deficient• Looking to the Future and Suggestions for

Collaborations

Key Messages

• Open Access as a philosophical principle and a set of practical tools

• “Journal” no longer serves the needs of networked scholarship

• From “Wealth of Nations” to “Wealth of Networks”• Need to rethink measurements of “impact” and values,

especially for research relevant to development• Innovations are happening in the “peripheries” but there

are gatekeepers and social barriers• Aligning funding and reward policies with new scholarly

practices and inclusive metrics

• Open Access as a philosophical principle and a set of practical tools

• “Journal” no longer serves the needs of networked scholarship

• From “Wealth of Nations” to “Wealth of Networks”• Need to rethink measurements of “impact” and values,

especially for research relevant to development• Innovations are happening in the “peripheries” but there

are gatekeepers and social barriers• Aligning funding and reward policies with new scholarly

practices and inclusive metrics

“By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”BOAI 2002 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read

“By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”BOAI 2002 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read

Modes of Open Access

Gratis Libre

GreenAuthor Self-Archiving of published papers or pre-prints in Institutional Repositories

Green-Gratis Green-Libre

GoldAuthor publish in journals that are open access

Gold-Gratis Gold-Libre

User Rights

Venues and Delivery Vehicles

http://maps.repository66.org/

http://www.doaj.org/

http://www.openaccessmap.org

http://www.scielo.org/php/index.php

http://www.scielo.org.za/

The World of Journal Publishing According to Thomson’s ISI Science Citation Index

Data from 2002http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205

http://www.bioline.org.br

OA does not only remove or reduce price barriers for researchers in developing countries, it offers a more equitable model for the exchange of knowledge as a global public good (the philosophical dimension)

Some Key Trends in OA

Institutional and Funder Mandates

Policy Developments

• The World Bank launched an institutional repository and adopted an OA mandate on April 10, 2012

• UNESCO published an OA Policy Guidelines in March 2012

• UK, EU, and the USA are all developing major funding policies on OA

• The World Bank launched an institutional repository and adopted an OA mandate on April 10, 2012

• UNESCO published an OA Policy Guidelines in March 2012

• UK, EU, and the USA are all developing major funding policies on OA

http://thecostofknowledge.com/

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jan/16/academic-publishers-enemies-science

PIPA (Protect IP Act)

Research Works Act

http://youtu.be/5FoYxzPZDuw

New Ways of thinking about Scholarly Communications

http://www.peerproject.eu/

Key Findings

1. There is no evidence of any harm to publishers as a result of embargoed green OA2. There is evidence of increased total usage through green OA 3. There is evidence that green OA through the PEER project actually drives usage at the publisher site.David Prosser, May 29, 2012

http://total-impact.org/

The IF cannot be reproduced, even if it

reflected actual citations

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/179/6/1091.full

The IF are more eff

http://iai.asm.org/content/early/2011/08/08/IAI.05661-11.full.pdf+html?view=long&pmid=21825063

http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.4328

From “Big” science to Networked science

Knowledge for local problem solving

Convergence

• Brazil, biodiversity and sustainable development

• Information society policy• Free Culture Movement –

Access to Knowledge in Brazil

• Brazil, biodiversity and sustainable development

• Information society policy• Free Culture Movement –

Access to Knowledge in Brazil

Institutional Design

Sustainability as a set of institutional structures and processes that build and protect the knowledge commons (Mook and Sumner 2010)

Sustainability as a set of institutional structures and processes that build and protect the knowledge commons (Mook and Sumner 2010)

Broadening the definition of “prestige”, “impact”, “value” and “capital”

Business value monetary return, financial capital, efficiency, competiveness

Scholarly value Reputation and citation; trust; symbolic capital

Institutional value Public mission, community outreach, intellectual capital

Social value Equity, participation, inclusion, diversity, social capital

Political value Evidence based policy, transparency, accountability, civic capital

Conclusions

• Leverage the various Open movement • Align the values of research with appropriate

incentives and recognition• Also need to align policies that are emerging from the

top with initiatives are rising from the bottom• Support for metadata standards and open licences• Recognition of non-proprietary and collaborative

research output from networked scholarship• Reward dissemination of research findings through

multiple means – beyond the journal• Move Prestige to Open Access

Thank You! chan@utsc.utoronto.ca

http://www.openoasis.org

http://www.bioline.org.br

http://www.openaccessmap.org