The Civil War: Important

People

William Lloyd GarrisonPublisher of the abolitionist newspaper known as The LiberatorUsed the newspaper to tell everyone that slavery was wrong and should be abolished immediatelyAlong with others, he formed the American Anti-slavery Society.

William Lloyd GarrisonThe American Anti-slavery Society published books and papers advocating the emancipation of all slavesHis newspaper was banned in the South.He was often harassed because many Northerners also opposed his views

Sojourner Truth1st African American woman to gain recognition as an anti-slavery speakerWas born a slave in New York but was freed through gradual emancipationHad a powerful speaking style and drew large crowds when she lectured about slavery and women’s rights

Sojourner Truth

President Lincoln appointed her as a counselor to the freedmen in Washington during the Civil War

Frederick DouglassTaught himself to read and write while he was a slaveEscaped slavery and became an eloquent spokesman for the abolition movementPublished an antislavery newspaper called The North Star

Frederick DouglassWrote his autobiography telling of the conditions of slaveryEncouraged President Lincoln to emancipate slaves and worked to recruit Northern African Americans for the Union ArmyAfter the war, he continued to fight for the rights of African Americans and women

Harriet TubmanAn escaped slave who became one of the most successful “conductors” of the Underground RailroadKnown as “Moses” of her people because she led more than 300 slaves out of the South, including South Carolina, to freedom

Harriet Beecher StoweAuthor of the book Uncle Tom’s CabinBook became a best seller and revealed the cruelty of slavery to many NorthernersWrote the book in response to the Fugitive Slave Act that was passed as part of the 1850 Compromise

Harriet Beecher Stowe

During the Civil War, she often disagreed with President Lincoln because of his concern with preserving unity of the nation and his need to postpone freeing the slaves.

John Brown

An abolitionist who migrated to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act declared that territory would decide by popular sovereignty whether it would be slave or free

In Kansas, Brown and his sons participated in the violence that gave the territory the name “Bleeding Kansas”.

John Brown

Most Infamous Action: Led a raid on the U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry in Virginia in hopes of capturing guns and leading a slave revolt-- was unsuccessful

He and his followers were captured by federal troops under the leadership of General Robert E. Lee

John Brown

He was tried, found guilty of treason, and hanged.

John Brown was hailed a martyr by many Northern abolitionists but he raised great fear among Southerners and further divided the North and South.

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the U.S. (elected in 1860)

Was against the expansion of slavery to the territories but was not an abolitionist

Was determined to preserve the Union

As president, was also commander-in-chief of the Union Army

Abraham Lincoln

Being commander-in-chief of Union army, it was his job to name commanders in the field

He changed generals frequently until he found Ulysses S. Grant

Issued the Emancipation Proclamation

Was assassinated shortly after the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

Ulysses S. Grant

General in Union Army

Under his leadership, the Union Army employed a new strategy of total war.

He accepted the surrender of the Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Courthouse.

Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate States of America and also commander-in-chief of the Confederate Army

Did not have to look for a good general because Robert E. Lee assumed the leadership of the Army of Northern Virginia

Had little power because the Confederate states believed in states’ rights

Robert E. Lee

Leader of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate Army

Led his army to victory in many battles at the beginning of the Civil War using tried and true strategies

At Gettysburg, Lee ordered a frontal assault on Union lines and many of his soldiers were killed as a result of the accuracy of new rifles

Robert E. Lee

As the war progressed, the Union Army killed so many Confederate soldiers that his army was almost destroyed, particularly at Gettysburg.

Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.