The Civil War

Election of 1860• Lincoln wins election against

three other candidates.

• Lincoln gets 39% of the vote and wins electoral college despite not even being on the ballot in southern states.

Secession• Withdrawl from the Union

• On December 20, 1860, South Carolina becomes the first state to secede.

Secession• By February 1861, Texas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia had also seceded.

The Confederate States of America

• On February 4, 1861, delegates from the seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed their new government.

• They elected Jefferson Davis, a Senator from Mississippi, to be the President of the Confederacy.

The Confederate States of America

• These states justified their secession on the grounds of states rights, arguing that they had joined the Union voluntarily under the contract of the Constitution.

• They believed the Federal Government had violated that contract.

The Confederate States of America

• The Confederacy established their capital in Richmond, Virginia, less than 100 miles from Washington D.C.

Fort Sumter• After months of debate over what

would happen to federal forts in the south. At 4:30 am on April 12, 1861, Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay.

• Fort Sumter surrendered and the Civil War had begun.

Advantages

North• had a much larger population than the

south• had huge industries that could produce

large amounts of war materials• had better transportation network

(railroads)• Large Navy

Advantages

South• had a wealth of well trained

military officers

• a strong fighting spirit

• most of the war was fought in the south, better knowledge of the land

Disadvantages

North• few well trained officers

• a larger bureaucracy, group of officials and administrators within a government.

Disadvantages

South• Lack of manpower, smaller population

• Little to no industry

• Poor transportation (few railroads)

• Little to no Navy

Strategies

North• The North had to fight an

offensive war, they had to invade the south and force the Confederacy to rejoin the Union.

Anaconda Plan• Union plan to squeeze the

Confederacy into submission. Had three parts

1. Union warships would blockade southern ports along the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico.

Anaconda Plan2. The North would take control of the

Mississippi River splitting the Confederacy in two

Anaconda Plan3. Capture Richmond the

Confederate Capital.

Strategies

South• The South on the other hand only

had to fight a defensive war, they did not need to invade the north to win.

Strategies

South• Their plan was to simply keep

fighting until either support for the war in the north faded or until foreign powers such as Britain or France would come to their aid.

Strategies

South• However, with Washington D.C.

being so close there were many efforts to attack Washington to try to speed the end to the war.

Lincoln Jefferson Davis

-Mary Todd -Robert E. Lee

-William Seward -Stonewall Jackson

-David Davis -Jeb Stuart

-Salmon Chase -Jame Longstreet

-General McClellan -Joseph Johnston

-Joe Hooker -Sam Watkins

-U.S. Grant