1858 illinois state race ◦ d-stephen douglas ◦ r-abraham lincoln douglas wins, lincoln gains...
TRANSCRIPT
The Civil War
1858 Illinois State Race◦ D-Stephen Douglas◦ R-Abraham Lincoln
Douglas wins, Lincoln gains national recognition
Lincoln Douglas Debates
3 Events give strength to the Republican Party prior to 1860◦ The Fugitive Slave Law◦ Uncle Tom’s Cabin◦ John Brown’s Raid
Support for Republicans
The westward expansion of slavery = split in Democratic Party◦ Northern an Southern Democrats
Problems for Democrats
ND-Stephen Douglas SD-John C. Breckinridge R-Abraham Lincoln Cont. Union Party-John Bell
Candidates
Split ruins chances for Democrats Lincoln wins with 0 southern support
Results
Lincoln-final straw (feared they have lost their voice)
South Carolina Secedes By February
1861 GA, FA, AL, MISS, LA, and TX also secede
Secession
March 1861 Inaugural Speech
◦ Promises not to interfere with slavery where it already is
◦ Civil War will be in the hands of the South◦ Preserve the Union
Lincoln Takes Office
Lincoln has 3 options◦Let South go in peace◦Offer a compromise◦Make South return to the union (war)
Lincoln’s Options
Est. February 1861 Capitol-Montgomery, AL Similar to the Articles of Confederation
◦ States rights◦ Jefferson Davis powerless
Confederate States of America
April 1861 Union Troops still at Ft. Sumter Lincoln sends supplies to troops-
Confederate troops attack April 12, 1861 South takes Fort
◦ Casualties? Lincolns calls for 75,000 troops VA, NC, TN, and AR secede MO, KY, MD remain—Border states
Fort Sumter
Economic and Military Balance North South
Economy Strong Weak
Manufacturing (factories)
110,000 18,000
Population 71 29
Proportion of Nation’s Farm Acreage
65 35
Railroad Mileage 22,000 9,000
Cotton Only Production
Strong Est of Government
Could call for more troops
Battle Ground Home field advantage
Cause Inspiring Cause
Military Leaders 7/8 Military colleges
StrategyNorth South
Blockade South Ports Capture Mississippi
River◦ Divide Confederacy
Capture Richmond
Anaconda Plan
Defensive War of Attrition◦ Ware down the other
army Defensive Strategy Avoid large battles Force the north to
exhaust resources
Major LeadersNorth: McLellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant, ShermanSouth: Lee, Jackson
Union Generals: Top (l-r) – McLellan, Burnside, Hooker; Bottom (l-r) – Meade, Grant, Sherman
Confederate Generals – Robert E. Lee & Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Early Battles
When: July 21, 1861
Where: Northern VA
Outcome: CSA Victory
Significance◦ Proves conflict will be long and bloody◦ Stonewall Jackson
1st Bull Run
When: April 6 & 7 1862 Where: Western Tenn Outcome: Union Victory Significance
◦ Union caught by surprise > Grant loses Lincoln’s respect◦ More casualties than all previous American
wars combined
Shiloh
Monitor v. Merrimack – 1st ironclad battleships March 8–9, 1862, Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers meet the James
River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay. Eof the Confederacy to break the Union blockade,
which had cut off Virginia's largest cities, Norfolk and Richmond, from international trade
Battle of the Ironclads
When: Sept 17, 1862 Where: Maryland Why: Lee invades North
to gain support for Great Britain
Outcome: Battle ends in a draw◦ Bloodiest day in the Civil War◦ Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation (British stay out)
Antietam
When: December 11–15, 1862 Where: Spotsylvania, VA Outcome: CSA Victory Greatest victory for South
Fredericksburg
Stonewall Jackson killed
Chancellorsville
Life During the War
South◦ Economy collapses
Blockade Lack of supplies Food shortages Confederate $=worthless
North◦ Booming◦ Pass 1st income tax to pay for the war
Economy
Government
North South
Lincoln is a strong leader
Suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus to punish war opponents◦ John Merryman, a state
legislator from Maryland, is arrested for attempting to hinder Union troops from moving from Baltimore to Washington during the Civil War
Ineffective Jefferson Davis is
powerless States have all the
power
People
Women African Americans
Nurses Clara Barton was a
civil war nurse, later founds American Red Cross
Union Regiments Runaway slaves
◦ contraband
Primitive Amputations Little Understand of infection
Civil War 150
Medicine
Fighting Techniques◦ Stood in line◦ Musket accurate for 75 yards◦ Honorable
Rifled Musket◦ Accurate 300 yards◦ Casualties increased
Revolution-> 8 years-10,000 casualties
Civil War-> 4 years-600,000 casualties
◦ Leads to Trench warfare
Modern Warfare
Photographs Air force Gatling Gun Submarine
◦ CSA Hunley Biological Warfare
◦ yellow fever
Other New Technology
Turning Points
When: May-July 4th 1863 Where: Mississippi Outcome: Union Victory Significance:
◦ Battle was a siege◦ Victory gives Union control of the Mississippi River◦ Victory moves Grant to commander of the entire Union
Army
Marched 180 miles in 17 days, fought five battles, inflicted 7,200 casualties—driven to Vicksburg
City of Vicks would not celebrate Forth of July for 80 years
Vicksburg
When: July 1-3 Where: Pennsylvania
◦ Lee’s second northern invasion Outcome: Union Victory Significance: THE TURNING POINT OF THE
WAR◦ U Casualties-23,000◦ CSA Casualties-28,000◦ CSA cannot replace lost troops◦ Lee can do little more than retreat
Gettysburg
November 19, 1863 Town of Gettysburg Dedication of the Soldier’s National
Cemetery 2 minute speech
◦ Human equality in regards to D. of Independence◦ War is now not just to preserve the union but
fighting for “a new birth of freedom”
Gettysburg Address
The War Ends
When: begins Nov 1864 Where: Atlanta to Savannah Significance:
◦ Sherman’s destroy everything in their path◦ Birth of “Total War”◦ Breaks with will of the people◦ Assures Lincoln’s election
Sherman’s March to Sea
Re-elected in 1864◦ Soldiers allowed to vote
President for only six weeks Jan 31, 1865 13th Amendment passed Second inaugural address
◦ God’s punishment for slavery◦ Reconstruction
Lincoln
After Petersburg, Lee and his army try to escape to the Blue Ridge Mountains
Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, VA Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 April 14th, 1865 Lincoln is assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth
Surrender