The Civil WarThe Civil WarChapter 4Chapter 4

Politics of SlaveryPolitics of SlaveryChapter 4 Section 1Chapter 4 Section 1

Differences between the North Differences between the North and the South and the South Demographics (population and Demographics (population and

ethnicity)ethnicity) EconomyEconomy States rights (power shift to the States rights (power shift to the

north)north) Slavery (abolitionist movement)Slavery (abolitionist movement)

The Underground Railroad

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Should CA be a free or slave state?

What about the rest of the territories?

1. CA admitted as a free state

2. Fugitive Slave Law adopted

Dred Scott Case (1857)Dred Scott Case (1857) Part of the fugitive slave Part of the fugitive slave

lawlaw Sued for his freedomSued for his freedom Supreme Court denied his Supreme Court denied his

case – not a citizen of the case – not a citizen of the United StatesUnited States

Returned as a slave to Returned as a slave to property owner (slave was property owner (slave was property) see page 166property) see page 166

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Repeal of Missouri Compromise

Kansas and Nebraska created from remaining Louisiana Purchase land

Territories to determine the status of slavery before admission as a state (popular sovereignty)

Bleeding Kansas (1856-58)Bleeding Kansas (1856-58) Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery

factions flooded the territory and factions flooded the territory and fight over state constitutionfight over state constitution John Brown and sons hack pro-John Brown and sons hack pro-

slavery advocates to deathslavery advocates to death Unofficial start of the Civil WarUnofficial start of the Civil War

2 to 1 vote to become free state2 to 1 vote to become free state

Harper’s FerryHarper’s Ferry JohnJohn Brown – doing God’s will Brown – doing God’s will

Lincoln is elected without Lincoln is elected without support from any southern statesupport from any southern state

South Carolina secedes (leaves South Carolina secedes (leaves the Union) on December 20, the Union) on December 20, 18601860

The other lower states follow The other lower states follow and elect Jefferson Davisand elect Jefferson Davis

Fort Sumter attacked on April 4, Fort Sumter attacked on April 4, 18611861

Civil WarCivil WarChapter 4 Section 2Chapter 4 Section 2

The confederacy included The confederacy included eleven slave states eleven slave states (West Virginia was created from (West Virginia was created from

part of Virginia that opposed part of Virginia that opposed slavery)slavery)

Martial Law in several border states Martial Law in several border states to prevent them from defectionto prevent them from defection

Suspension of Suspension of writ of habeas corpuswrit of habeas corpus to deal with dissent – (Copperheads)to deal with dissent – (Copperheads) Over 13,000 put in jail during war Over 13,000 put in jail during war

without trialwithout trial

First EngagementFirst Engagement 11stst Battle of Bull Run (near Manassas Battle of Bull Run (near Manassas

VA)VA) Union forces mass near D.C.Union forces mass near D.C. After long delay move southAfter long delay move south Watched by South and throngs of site- Watched by South and throngs of site-

seersseers 2,500 Union-2,000 Confederate 2,500 Union-2,000 Confederate

casualtiescasualties Union Army runs back northUnion Army runs back north

CSS Merrimack (aka Virginia) 1861

Changing the nature of naval warfare

USS Monitor

Gunboats

The HunleyThe Hunley 1863 – the first submarine used 1863 – the first submarine used

in battle in battle Confederates in Charleston SC Confederates in Charleston SC Sinks a Union ship blockading Sinks a Union ship blockading

harborharbor

On both sides a soldier was three times more likely to die in camp than on the battlefield - infection and diseases

““My paramount object My paramount object in this struggle is to in this struggle is to save the Union, and is save the Union, and is not to either save or not to either save or to destroy slavery,…” to destroy slavery,…” A. LincolnA. Lincoln Eventually turned to Eventually turned to

Ulysses S. Grant as Ulysses S. Grant as General of the ArmyGeneral of the Army

Lincoln saw possible solution Lincoln saw possible solution as black colonization but as black colonization but dropped this by 1864dropped this by 1864

Little support for Little support for “compensated “compensated emancipation” bills he emancipation” bills he authoredauthored

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863 – only slaves in January 1, 1863 – only slaves in the areas of rebellion would be the areas of rebellion would be freefree

Most generals believed whites Most generals believed whites would not fight along side of would not fight along side of blacksblacks

Paid $10 while whites were Paid $10 while whites were paid $13 a monthpaid $13 a month Congress said it would degrade Congress said it would degrade

whites to pay blacks the same whites to pay blacks the same raterate

Over 180,000 African Over 180,000 African Americans serve the UnionAmericans serve the Union

Go to Sherman PowerPointGo to Sherman PowerPoint

Tide of War TurnsTide of War TurnsChapter 4 Section 3Chapter 4 Section 3

After more than two years of After more than two years of Union defeats----Union defeats----

Gettysburg Gettysburg Lee marches north to find Lee marches north to find

supplies in Penn.supplies in Penn. July 1-3, 1863 near Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 near Gettysburg

– North on Cemetery Ridge and – North on Cemetery Ridge and South on Seminary Ridge with South on Seminary Ridge with large field in between. large field in between.

Three day standoff on bloody Three day standoff on bloody fieldfield

““Picketts Charge” – 15,000 Picketts Charge” – 15,000 Confederate troops attack Confederate troops attack strong point of Northstrong point of North 30 minutes later only ½ returned 30 minutes later only ½ returned to Southern linesto Southern lines

South retreats back into VirginiaSouth retreats back into Virginia

New Spencer Repeating Rifle helps New Spencer Repeating Rifle helps the North win at Gettysburgthe North win at Gettysburg 7 round magazine fired in 10 seconds 7 round magazine fired in 10 seconds

rather than 3 rounds a minute with rather than 3 rounds a minute with musket loadersmusket loaders

Rebs thought that there were more Rebs thought that there were more Yankees due to amount of fireYankees due to amount of fire

Gatling Gun saw only limited use Gatling Gun saw only limited use toward the end of the wartoward the end of the war

Col. George Custer

Gen. Ambrose Burnside

Gen. Joseph Hooker

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address November 19, 1863November 19, 1863 ““A New Birth of Freedom”A New Birth of Freedom”

Women in WarWomen in War Often women Often women

would follow would follow their husbands their husbands to the camps to the camps

Some women Some women went to work went to work while husband while husband was awaywas away

Clara Barton “angel of the Clara Barton “angel of the battlefield”battlefield” First army nursesFirst army nurses Later founded American Later founded American

Red Cross Red Cross

Lee agrees to surrender terms in Lee agrees to surrender terms in Appomattox Court House on April 9, Appomattox Court House on April 9, 18651865

Gen. Johnston and the rest of the Rebels Gen. Johnston and the rest of the Rebels surrender several weeks later surrender several weeks later

End of WarEnd of War

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination Southern conspirators Southern conspirators

led by John Wilkes led by John Wilkes Booth plotted to kidnap Booth plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange Lincoln and exchange him for prisoners of him for prisoners of war.war.

April 14, 1865 Booth shot Lincoln April 14, 1865 Booth shot Lincoln while he was attending a play at while he was attending a play at

Ford’s TheatreFord’s Theatre

ReconstructionReconstructionChapter 4 Section 4Chapter 4 Section 4

To repair the damage To repair the damage andand to to restore the south to the Union of restore the south to the Union of StatesStates

HardshipsHardships African Americans – new lives but African Americans – new lives but

what to do with that new life?what to do with that new life?

Lincoln wants to “bind the nation’s Lincoln wants to “bind the nation’s wounds”wounds”

Lincoln’s “Ten Percent plan”Lincoln’s “Ten Percent plan” Pardons, S. States to hold Pardons, S. States to hold

Constitutional elections when 10% Constitutional elections when 10% swear allegiance swear allegiance

Johnson’s PlanJohnson’s Plan PardonPardon 10% swear allegiance before new 10% swear allegiance before new

State Constitutional Convention.State Constitutional Convention. So. States must void secession, So. States must void secession,

abolish slavery and ratify 13abolish slavery and ratify 13thth Amendment (slavery)Amendment (slavery)

Black CodesBlack Codes New southern governments were New southern governments were

still controlled by whitesstill controlled by whites Enactments to restrict Enactments to restrict

freedmen’s rightsfreedmen’s rights CurfewsCurfews VagrancyVagrancy Labor contractsLabor contracts Land restrictionsLand restrictions

Lynching

Congressional Congressional ReconstructionReconstruction

(Radical Reconstruction)(Radical Reconstruction) Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans seen Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans seen as threat to Congressional as threat to Congressional authorityauthority

Radical Republicans wanted to Radical Republicans wanted to punish the southpunish the south

1414thth Amendment (Equal Protection- Amendment (Equal Protection-1866) to deal with “black codes”1866) to deal with “black codes” Laws had to apply equally to allLaws had to apply equally to all

Power StrugglePower Struggle Johnson did not support the Johnson did not support the

military rule in the South and military rule in the South and tried to fire the Secretary of War tried to fire the Secretary of War Edwin StantonEdwin Stanton

Angered, Congressional leaders Angered, Congressional leaders voted to “impeach” himvoted to “impeach” him

By one vote By one vote Johnson escapes Johnson escapes being removed being removed

Ulysses S. Grant wins the 1868 Ulysses S. Grant wins the 1868 Presidential election Presidential election

Congress passes 15Congress passes 15thth Amendment to Amendment to insure the right to vote regardless of insure the right to vote regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 1870servitude.” 1870

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers Northerners Northerners

moving south moving south for profit or for profit or powerpower

ScalawagsScalawags White southern White southern

Republicans Republicans (opposed to (opposed to secession)secession)

End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction Corruption within Grant’s Corruption within Grant’s

Administration and tired of 10 years Administration and tired of 10 years of reconstructingof reconstructing

As federal troops left, more As federal troops left, more freedmen were denied rightsfreedmen were denied rights

By 1872 the last ex-Confederates By 1872 the last ex-Confederates were pardonedwere pardoned

The KKK - 1865, when six The KKK - 1865, when six ex-Confederate soldiers, ex-Confederate soldiers, met in Tenn. to form a met in Tenn. to form a secret society. Deriving its secret society. Deriving its name from the Greek word name from the Greek word "kuklos“ (circle)"kuklos“ (circle)

Originally social in nature. Originally social in nature.

Evolved into a Evolved into a terrorist terrorist organization organization targeting African targeting African Americans, Americans, Carpetbaggers and Carpetbaggers and scalawagsscalawags

W.E.B. du Bois (African American W.E.B. du Bois (African American civil rights leader) “The slave went civil rights leader) “The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back into slavery sun; then moved back into slavery again”again”

Conditions did not get much better Conditions did not get much better until the 1950s and 60suntil the 1950s and 60s