13.1 Regional EconomicsIndustrial North

MAIN IDEAThe North and South develop different economic systems that lead to political differences between the regions.

WHY IT MATTERS TODAY

These differences led to the Civil War, and regional differences can still be found today.

Standards• 8.6.1 Discuss the influence of industrialization and technological

development on the region including human modification of the landscape and how physical geography shaped human actions (e.g., growth of cities deforestation, farming, and mineral extraction).

• 8.6.2 Outline the physical obstacles to and the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals, and railroads (e.g., Henry Clay’s American System).

• 8.6.3 List the reasons for the wave of immigration from Northern Europe to the United States and describe the growth in the number, size, and spatial arrangement of cities (e.g., Irish immigrants and the Great Irish Famine).

• 8.6.4 Study the lives of black American who gained freedom in the North and founded schools and churches to advance their rights and communities.

• 8.7.4 Compare the lives and opportunities for free blacks in the North with those of free blacks in the South.

Essential Questions

1. How did the new technology of the Industrial Revolution change the way Americans lived?

2. How did urbanization, technology, and social change affect the North?

3. How did cotton affect the social and economic life of the South?

4. How did Americans move west, and how did this intensify the debate over slavery?

Daily Guided Questions

1. Why did Americans take different paths in the early 1800’s?

2. How did the new technology of the Industrial Revolution change the way Americans lived?

3. How did urbanization, technology, and social change affect the North?

4. What obstacles did blacks face in the North?

Pop Quiz/Matching1. Roads, canals, and

bridges2. Warned European

powers.3. The right to vote.4. Trail of Tears5. Vetoed Bank of the

United States

A. NullificationB. Martin Van BurenC. Andrew JacksonD. CherokeeE. Spoils SystemF. InfrastructureG. SuffrageH. Monroe Doctrine

Quick Write

• Response to a quick write question:• “How does technology influence

your life? How would it be different if you didn’t have that technology today?”

Industrial Revolution• Social and economic reorganization,

where machines took the place of hand tools.

• Power-driven, workers with different tasks.

• Factory system -Brings machinery and people in the same work space.

• Capitalists-people who invest capital (money) in a business to earn a profit.

Revolution Takes Hold• In 18th century,

power produced from steam, coal.

• Power-driven machines for mass production, build factories.

• Changed the way people worked.

• Mass production- identical goods produced in large quantities. • Interchangeable parts- identical

parts used to assemble products by unskilled workers.

In the U.S.

• U.S. income primarily from international trade.• Embargo Act of 1807, War of 1812

blockade shut down trade and shipping.• Americans begin to invest in

domestic industries.

New England• Textiles.

-Lowell, Mass. becomes booming manufacturing center.-Thousands, mostly young women leave family farms to work in Lowell.

Lowell Mills

• Francis Cabot Lowell created a mill where spinning and weaving created in one building.

• Factories employed young girls from local farms, “Lowell Girls”.

-Most moved into boardinghouse.-strict supervision, but were educated.

Factory Life • Child Labor-Worked in mills, coal mines, steel foundries.-Started at the age of seven, uneducated.• Unsafe conditions-Poor lighting, accidents, 12-14 hour work days.

Urbanization

• The growth of cities due to the movement of people from rural (farm, country) areas to cities.• Due to new types of work and

immigration.

Problems

• Overcrowding• Disease-Filthy streets, bad sewage system, and lack of clean water.• Fire-Most structures made of wood.-No organized fire companies.

Baron Axel Klinckostrom of Sweden

“One finds the streets [of New York] dead cats and dogs, which makes the air very bad; dust and ashes are thrown out into the streets, which are swept once every [two weeks].”

New Communications

• Samuel F.B. Morse’s telegraph

-Device that used electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances.-Can communicate in hours instead of weeks.

Other Inventions• Mechanical Reaper and Threshers.• Sewing Machine.• Steam ships and Clipper ships.• Railroad.-All weather, connected all industry.-By 1840, 3,000 of track was built.

New Immigrants/ The Irish Famine• 1845 a fungus attacked potato crop,

leading to a famine, “The Great Hunger.”• Famine-widespread starvation.• Over a million died, one million left

Ireland, mostly the poor.• Men- Construction and railroads.• Women- Household servants.

Germans• Escaping revolutions, they

came from all social backgrounds.•Most moved to the Ohio River

Valley and the Great lakes region.

Nativists• People who wanted to preserve the country for

white, American-born Protestants.• Opposed Irish (Catholics).• Created Know-Nothing Political Party.

African Americans in the North • Discrimination- Denial of equal rights

or equal treatment based on race, religion, cultures, or nationality.• Slavery ended by the early 1800’s.

-couldn’t vote.-segregated.-portrayed as inferior.

Reading and Writing Assignment• Read “Mill Worker”, pg.262-263.• Answer these Questions:1. Identify two ways that Lucy interacts with the

setting.2. How did she feel about work in the first three

paragraphs?3. How did she feel about work in the remaining

paragraphs?

4. Describe details of daily life in a mill.5. When would they go to work?6. How long was the workday?7. Did they get breaks?8. What did she think about the machinery?9. Why did she leave school after three

months?10.What were the last impressions about the

mill?• Write a rough draft using the information

you have gathered about working at a mill.

Study Guide

•Copy and complete the study guide on pg. 117, use can use textbook pg. 264-269 to complete it.

Homework

• Daily guided questions are due at the end of the unit.• On Wednesday-Comic Strips-Unit study guide-Test Review