The Civil WarThe Civil War

Battle OverviewBattle Overview

Population Difference between Population Difference between North and South in 1861North and South in 1861

0

5

10

15

20

25

Total Population(millions)

Eligible for Military(millions)

NorthSouth

*Chart taken from The Americans Ch. 4

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages?Disadvantages?

Union Advantages

ConfederateAdvantages

Union Disadvantages

Confederate Disadvantages

Battles at a GlanceBattles at a Glance► Fort SumterFort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 April 12-14, 1861

(Confederate Victory)(Confederate Victory)► 1st Bull Run1st Bull Run July 21, 1861 July 21, 1861

(Confederate Victory)(Confederate Victory)► Battle of the IroncladsBattle of the Ironclads March 9, 1862 March 9, 1862

(Stalemate)(Stalemate)► 2nd Bull Run2nd Bull Run Aug. 28-30, 1862 Aug. 28-30, 1862

(Confederate Victory)(Confederate Victory)► AntietamAntietam Sept. 16-18, 1862 Sept. 16-18, 1862

(Undecided - Union Strategic Victory)(Undecided - Union Strategic Victory)-Bloodiest Single Day of War (9-17-62)-Bloodiest Single Day of War (9-17-62)

*Timeline information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/tl/timeline

► FredericksburgFredericksburg Dec. 11-15, 1862 Dec. 11-15, 1862 (Confederate Victory)(Confederate Victory)

► ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville April 30-May 6, April 30-May 6, 1863 1863

(Confederate Victory)(Confederate Victory)► VicksburgVicksburg May 18-July 4, May 18-July 4,

1863 1863 (Union Victory)(Union Victory)

► GettysburgGettysburg July 1-3, 1863 July 1-3, 1863 (Union Victory)(Union Victory)

► Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March Sept.-Nov. 1864Sept.-Nov. 1864(Union Victory)(Union Victory)

► Confederacy Surrenders at AppomattoxConfederacy Surrenders at Appomattoxon April 9, 1865 Ending the Civil Waron April 9, 1865 Ending the Civil War

* * Timeline information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/tl/timeline

Fort SumterFort Sumter► President Lincoln planned to send supplies to the President Lincoln planned to send supplies to the

Union men at the Fort but the Confederate forces Union men at the Fort but the Confederate forces fired on the Fort demanding surrender.fired on the Fort demanding surrender.

► Union surrendered two days later, no casualties.Union surrendered two days later, no casualties.

*Photo taken from www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/sc/sc001.html

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/south_carolina.html

11stst Bull Run Bull Run

► First bloodshed of the warFirst bloodshed of the war► Union held advantage in the morning but Union held advantage in the morning but

by afternoon the Confederacy with their by afternoon the Confederacy with their reinforcements wonreinforcements won

► Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson was nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” at this was nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” at this battlebattle

► Confederate morale was high after they Confederate morale was high after they won, many soldiers thought the war was won, many soldiers thought the war was over and they left the army to go homeover and they left the army to go home

*Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4

1st Bull Run/

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va61.html

Battle of the IroncladsBattle of the Ironclads

► USS Monitor USS Monitor and CSS and CSS Virginia Virginia (formerly the (formerly the USS Merrimac) USS Merrimac) fought the first fought the first naval battle naval battle between iron-between iron-sided shipssided ships

► Battle ended Battle ended in a tactical in a tactical stalematestalemate

*Photo and information taken from http://americancivilwar.com/tcwn/civil_war/Navy_Ships/Ironclad_Monitor_Virginia_Battle.html

22ndnd Bull Run Bull Run

► Proved to be Proved to be another another Confederate Confederate victory when victory when the Union was the Union was chased back chased back by heavy by heavy artillery fireartillery fire

► Southern Southern morale morale remained highremained high

*Photo and information taken from www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/va026.html

2nd Bull Run/

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va62.html

AntietamAntietam► Union forces had advantage due to finding Union forces had advantage due to finding

General Lee’s orders wrapped around cigars General Lee’s orders wrapped around cigars where the Confederate troops were campedwhere the Confederate troops were camped

► Lee and Jackson were going to be separated Lee and Jackson were going to be separated for a while so McClellan ordered the Union for a while so McClellan ordered the Union to attack Lee’s army at the Antietam Creekto attack Lee’s army at the Antietam Creek

► Sept. 17Sept. 17thth was the bloodiest single day in was the bloodiest single day in U.S. history, more than 26,000 casualties U.S. history, more than 26,000 casualties totaltotal

► McClellan chose not to pursue Lee’s army McClellan chose not to pursue Lee’s army and possibly end the war, the next day and possibly end the war, the next day Lincoln replaced him and issued the Lincoln replaced him and issued the Emancipation Proclamation days laterEmancipation Proclamation days later*Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/maryland.html

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation► Listen to the Emancipation Listen to the Emancipation

Proclamation read aloudProclamation read aloud► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho032M9IGDY&feature=relahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho032M9IGDY&feature=rela

tedted

► Read the document with a Read the document with a partner and discuss its partner and discuss its meaningsmeanings

► On a separate sheet of paper On a separate sheet of paper answer the following answer the following questions:questions:

► Did the Emancipation Did the Emancipation Proclamation free all slaves? Proclamation free all slaves? ExplainExplain

► What were Lincoln’s motives What were Lincoln’s motives for issuing the Emancipation for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation?Proclamation?

*Document image from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/images/emancipation_01.jpg*Audio Emancipation Proclamation from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho032M9IGDY&feature=related

FredericksburgFredericksburg► General Burnside General Burnside

replaced General replaced General McClellan as the McClellan as the head of the Army head of the Army of the Potomacof the Potomac

► Burnside Burnside organized the organized the Union Army well Union Army well but gave vague but gave vague orders, proving to orders, proving to be costly at be costly at Fredericksburg as Fredericksburg as the Union lost over the Union lost over 12,000 men, 60% 12,000 men, 60% at the stone wallat the stone wall

*Information and photo from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/fredricksburg/fredhist.html

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va62.html

ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

► General Lee outnumbered almost 2 to 1 General Lee outnumbered almost 2 to 1 beats the Union Army in his greatest victorybeats the Union Army in his greatest victory

► Although a strategic and tactical victory for Although a strategic and tactical victory for the Confederate forces, Lee loses his “right the Confederate forces, Lee loses his “right arm” only six days after the battle when arm” only six days after the battle when Stonewall Jackson dies from his wounds Stonewall Jackson dies from his wounds which were inflicted by his own men when which were inflicted by his own men when returning to the camp after dark at returning to the camp after dark at ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

► Jackson’s last words: “Let us cross over the Jackson’s last words: “Let us cross over the river and rest in the shade of the trees.”river and rest in the shade of the trees.”

*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/va/va032.html*Jackson quote from http://www.civilwar.com/content/section/16/42/

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/va63.html

VicksburgVicksburg

► U. S. Grant laid siege on the town of U. S. Grant laid siege on the town of Vicksburg for two months and eventually Vicksburg for two months and eventually they surrenderedthey surrendered

► Vicksburg proved to be a critical Union Vicksburg proved to be a critical Union victory as it gave them control over the victory as it gave them control over the Mississippi River and split the Mississippi River and split the Confederate forces in twoConfederate forces in two

► General Grant and his victorious Western General Grant and his victorious Western campaign led to his appointment as campaign led to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armiesGeneral-in-Chief of the Union armies

Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/ms/ms011.html

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/mississippi.html

GettysburgGettysburg

► General Lee intended to attack Washington General Lee intended to attack Washington but accidentally ran into Union General Meade but accidentally ran into Union General Meade and the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburgand the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg

► Fighting lasted three days and over this time Fighting lasted three days and over this time more men fought and died than in any other more men fought and died than in any other battle on American soilbattle on American soil

► Although one of the greatest battles in Although one of the greatest battles in American history, General Meade failed to American history, General Meade failed to pursue Lee as he was retreating and did not pursue Lee as he was retreating and did not end the war when he had the chanceend the war when he had the chance

► The farthest North the Confederacy ever wentThe farthest North the Confederacy ever went

*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/getty.html

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/pennsylvania.html

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address• Lincoln's short Lincoln's short

speech to honor speech to honor the soldiers lost the soldiers lost at Battle of at Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg during cemetery during cemetery dedicationdedication

• One of the most One of the most important important speeches in U.S. speeches in U.S. historyhistory Watch the Gettysburg Address

Huh? Huh? Rewrite the Gettysburg Address in your own words with a Rewrite the Gettysburg Address in your own words with a

partner.partner."Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March

► William Tecumseh Sherman utilized a William Tecumseh Sherman utilized a tactic known as “total war”tactic known as “total war”

► Total war involves every part of the Total war involves every part of the landscape, military and civilianlandscape, military and civilian

► Sherman and his troops lived off of the Sherman and his troops lived off of the land as they marched toward the sea and land as they marched toward the sea and destroyed everything they didn’t usedestroyed everything they didn’t use

► This idea of total war proved to be very This idea of total war proved to be very effective as it wears down the civilian effective as it wears down the civilian support of the opposing forcessupport of the opposing forces

*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/tl/tl1864.html

Sherman’s March to the Sea

*Map from http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/georgia.html

Lee Surrenders to Grant at Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House

► Lee knows that his forces are too weak to Lee knows that his forces are too weak to continue fighting, unable to renew their supply continue fighting, unable to renew their supply lines, their fallen men, or their resourceslines, their fallen men, or their resources

► Generals Lee and Grant meet in the parlor of Generals Lee and Grant meet in the parlor of the McLean House in Appomattox Court House the McLean House in Appomattox Court House to discuss the terms of surrenderto discuss the terms of surrender

► Confederate soldiers are allowed to take their Confederate soldiers are allowed to take their horses and the officers are allowed to take horses and the officers are allowed to take their personal side arms but all other their personal side arms but all other equipment is surrenderedequipment is surrendered

► Lee immediately pushes for reconciliation with Lee immediately pushes for reconciliation with the Union as he had disagreed with secession the Union as he had disagreed with secession all alongall along

*Information from http://www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html

McLean House in McLean House in AppomattoxAppomattox

► Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant on April 9, Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant on April 9, 18651865

► Close to the site of the 1Close to the site of the 1stst Battle of Bull Battle of Bull Run!Run!

*Photo taken from www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html

Farewell to the Army of Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia, by Robert E. Northern Virginia, by Robert E.

LeeLeeAfter four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed

courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.

I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles who have remained steadfast to the last that I have who have remained steadfast to the last that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them; but feeling consented to this result from no distrust of them; but feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that would have attended the compensate for the loss that would have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged.

You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. blessing and protection.

With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell. affectionate farewell.

*Poem taken from www.americancivilwar.com/appo.html

President Lincoln President Lincoln AssassinatedAssassinated

►Let’s take a virtual tour of Ford’s Let’s take a virtual tour of Ford’s Theatre where John Wilkes Booth shot Theatre where John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln just five days after President Lincoln just five days after the Confederacy surrendered at the Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House

►Lincoln was not killed immediately, he Lincoln was not killed immediately, he actually died the next morning actually died the next morning

► John Wilkes Booth was shot and killed John Wilkes Booth was shot and killed fleeing through Virginiafleeing through Virginia

►Take the tour!Take the tour! *Virtual tour from http://www.fordstheatre.org/