the city states of greece
TRANSCRIPT
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Greek Roots of DemocracyGreek Roots of Democracy
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Where Is Greece Located?Where Is Greece Located?
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Rise of Greek City StatesRise of Greek City States
• Geography of Greece influenced how centers of power developed (lots of mountains/islands/valleys)
• City State also called the Polis• Political unit made up of a city and surrounding lands
• Due to infertile land Greeks often traveled and expanded overseas creating colonies throughout the Mediterranean from Spain to Egypt
• Their travels spread their ideas about literature, art and government
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Governing the City StateGoverning the City State
City was built on two levels
Acropolis (high city) built of marble usually dedicated to different GodsBelow was the main city (marketplace, theater, homes)
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Governing the City-StateGoverning the City-State
Different Types of GovernmentMonarchy – rule by king or queenAristocracy – rule by a privileged upper classSlowly power shifted from a monarchy to an aristocracy in this case a class of noble landowners and at first they supported the king but then once they had enough power they took over
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Changes in WarfareChanges in Warfare
As trade expanded a new middle class emerged of merchants, farmers and artisansChanges in military technology increased the power of the middle classIron became cheaper so ordinary citizens could afford helmets and swordsPhalanx
New method of fighting that united citizens regardless of class and out defense in the hands of ordinary citizens
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Changes in WarfareChanges in Warfare
The new types of warfare led the two most influential city states to develop different ways of lifeSparta
Stressed stern discipline
AthensGlorified the individual and gave more political rights to more citizens
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Sparta: A Nation of SoldiersSparta: A Nation of Soldiers
Government two kings and a council of Elders who advised the KingAn assembly made up citizens approved major decisionsCitizens were male, native born Spartans over 30Assembly elected five ephors who held the real power and ran day to day affairs
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Sparta: A Nation of SoldiersSparta: A Nation of Soldiers
Spartan SocietyEstablished themselves as a military stateAt age 7 boys began training for life in the militaryGirls also had a disciplined upbringing because they were expected to produce strong males
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Athens: The Beginnings of DemocracyAthens: The Beginnings of Democracy
First place democracy (government by the people) takes root
Starts off as a monarchy and then develops into an aristocracyDiscontent spreads amongst citizens and the merchants and soldiers begin to resent the power of the nobles and demand more rightsAs discontent spread Athens moved slowly towards a democracy
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Athens: The Beginnings of DemocracyAthens: The Beginnings of Democracy
SolonWise and trusted leader who outlawed debt slavery and freed those slaves who had been sold into slavery to pay off debts opened public office to more citizens by loosening restrictions on citizenship and gave the Assembly more decision making power. Reforms ensured fairness and justice but citizenship was still limited and government positions were only open to wealthy landowners
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Athens: The Beginnings of DemocracyAthens: The Beginnings of Democracy
Because government positions were only open to the wealthy landowners tyrants (leaders who gain power by force) started to emergeThey won the support of merchants and the poor by promising to make their lives betterPisistratus
Gave famers/poor citizens a greater voice
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Athens: The Beginnings of DemocracyAthens: The Beginnings of Democracy
CleisthenesBrought about a democracy in AthensBroadened role of citizensCreated Council of 500 (legislature) whose members were made up of male citizens where they could debate laws before deciding whether to accept of reject themCitizens could bring charges against anyone who did them wrong
PEOPLE DECIDED THE LAWS THAT WOULD GOVERN THEM
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Athens: The Beginning of a DemocracyAthens: The Beginning of a Democracy
By modern standards Athenian democracy was quite limitedOnly male citizens could participate in governmentWomen had no role in public life
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Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
Briefly describe Ancient Greece? What were the name of the
two cities that emerged and what
were they like?
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Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.
Pericles believed all male citizens regardless of wealth or social class should be involvedAthenians practiced direct democracy where over 6000 Assembly members would meet and decide mattersAthens began to pay a salary to men who held office allowing poor men to serveJury was established
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Age of PericlesAge of Pericles
“Our plan of governmentfavors the many instead of the few; that is why it is called a
democracy.”~ Pericles
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Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.
Pericles hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis that had been destroyed when Greece was attacked by PersiaAlthough religion was important Greek thinkers start to think there are also natural laws not everything is run by GodPericles surrounded himself with such thinkers, and writers and artists transforming Athens into the cultural center of Greece
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Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.Age of Pericles 460-429 B.C.
The Peloponnesian WarSparta wanted to end Athenian domination of the Greek worldPower struggle between Athens and SpartaFought for 27 yearsSpartans captured Athens ending Athenian domination of the Greek world. Athens survived as a cultural center but democracy suffered and soon corruption took over
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Moral and Ethical PrinciplesMoral and Ethical Principles
Greek philosophers became concerned with the idea of goodness and established standards for human behaviorSophists
Questioned tradition and “accepted” ideasSaid moral and ethical truths were just opinions and that success was more importantTaught the art of persuasion
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Greek Contributions to Political Thought
Greek Contributions to Political Thought
ThenEach year an assembly
of citizens elect 3 nobles to rule them
All citizens participatePower in the hands of
the peopleDivided government
power
NowVoting for government officialsAll citizens voteJury dutyPeople have power3 branches of government
Make lawsCarry out lawsJudge, settle disputes