Hamid Mumtaz (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)S. Habib Mughal (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)Maggie Stephenson (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)Jitendra K Bothara (Beca)

The Challenges of Reconstruction after the October 2005 Kashmir

EarthquakeDisturbing Statistics

Death: >100,000Injured (severe): >128 000Number of Children killed: 18,000Totally destroyed buildings: 462 904Partially destroyed, damaged: 113 611 Homeless: > 3.5 millionMost people killed by buildings and Earthquake Magnitude : 7.6 on Richter scale

Earthquake affected Area Challenges for reconstruction

Area affected: 28 000 km2

Inaccessibility of the areaLoss of infrastructure for reconstructionLack of awareness and preparednessLoss of faith on strength of any building typeKnowledge gap at all level

High fatalismEconomic constraintsBuilding construction mechanism in the area: owner built, informalSkills: Local craftsmanBuilding materials: mostly locally available

Challenges for reconstruction……… Building Types……

Reconstruction strategy and Institutional framework

House-owner driven reconstructionMandatory aseismic provisionsProvide generic building design and guidelinesAssisted and inspected reconstructingUniform financial assistance packageLocal traditional aseismic construction

Institutional framework•Decentralized reconstruction

Reconstruction activity

Capacity building in aseismic construction for engineers, foreman, craftsman, contractorsDemonstration buildingsConstruction guidelinesBuilding centersAwareness raising activity

Mason Training

Shake table demo

Reconstruction activity

Good achievement in rural sectorNumber of houses reconstructed: 204 754Houses under reconstruction: 200 948Compliant with ERRA Guidelines: 54.4%

Lessons Learnt

Decentralization workedReplications of reconstructionNeed of training to both building-owner and masons at the same timeTimeliness policy issues and its appropriatenessEngineering advice and dilemmaQuality control issues

Lessons Learnt

Dynamism in training curriculaOrientation to woman

Emerging building types and compliance

Thank You

Any Questions??

What next: Traditional Construction

Why not acknowledge/ promote local technology

Help link the conceptHelp innovation at local levelHelp confidence building

A Closer look at the damageWhy disaster??

Low awareness level among policy makers, general public, educated mass or even construction professionals, No acknowledgement of traditional materials or skill by formal sector/ academiaLittle/ No trust on aseismic constructionNo training on earthquake resistant constructionFatalism: God’s curse