Hamid Mumtaz (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)S. Habib Mughal (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)Maggie Stephenson (UN-HABITAT, Pakistan)Jitendra K Bothara (Beca)
The Challenges of Reconstruction after the October 2005 Kashmir
EarthquakeDisturbing Statistics
Death: >100,000Injured (severe): >128 000Number of Children killed: 18,000Totally destroyed buildings: 462 904Partially destroyed, damaged: 113 611 Homeless: > 3.5 millionMost people killed by buildings and Earthquake Magnitude : 7.6 on Richter scale
Earthquake affected Area Challenges for reconstruction
Area affected: 28 000 km2
Inaccessibility of the areaLoss of infrastructure for reconstructionLack of awareness and preparednessLoss of faith on strength of any building typeKnowledge gap at all level
High fatalismEconomic constraintsBuilding construction mechanism in the area: owner built, informalSkills: Local craftsmanBuilding materials: mostly locally available
Challenges for reconstruction……… Building Types……
Reconstruction strategy and Institutional framework
House-owner driven reconstructionMandatory aseismic provisionsProvide generic building design and guidelinesAssisted and inspected reconstructingUniform financial assistance packageLocal traditional aseismic construction
Institutional framework•Decentralized reconstruction
Reconstruction activity
Capacity building in aseismic construction for engineers, foreman, craftsman, contractorsDemonstration buildingsConstruction guidelinesBuilding centersAwareness raising activity
Mason Training
Shake table demo
Reconstruction activity
Good achievement in rural sectorNumber of houses reconstructed: 204 754Houses under reconstruction: 200 948Compliant with ERRA Guidelines: 54.4%
Lessons Learnt
Decentralization workedReplications of reconstructionNeed of training to both building-owner and masons at the same timeTimeliness policy issues and its appropriatenessEngineering advice and dilemmaQuality control issues
Lessons Learnt
Dynamism in training curriculaOrientation to woman
Emerging building types and compliance
Thank You
Any Questions??
What next: Traditional Construction
Why not acknowledge/ promote local technology
Help link the conceptHelp innovation at local levelHelp confidence building
A Closer look at the damageWhy disaster??
Low awareness level among policy makers, general public, educated mass or even construction professionals, No acknowledgement of traditional materials or skill by formal sector/ academiaLittle/ No trust on aseismic constructionNo training on earthquake resistant constructionFatalism: God’s curse
