the central nervous system (c.n.s) mindarie senior college 3a/3b human biological science
TRANSCRIPT
The Central Nervous System(C.N.S)
MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
The Central Nervous System is made up of
the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain
The brain
The spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13
The main parts of the CNS (left side facing)
cerebellum
cerebrum
Spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The main parts of the CNS (right side facing)
cerebellum
cerebrum
spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Cerebrum features
• outermost layer contains the cerebral cortex (grey matter)
• middle layer contains the white matter
• innermost layer contains grey matter called the basal ganglia
Cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The cerebral cortex
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Functional areas of the cerebral cortex
Motor area for speech
Primary auditory area
Auditory association area
Primary sensory area
Primary motor area
Speech
Primary visual areaVisual
association area
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The functional areas of the cerebral cortex
• thinking• reasoning• learning• memory• intelligence• sense of responsibility• perception of the senses• initiation and control of voluntary muscle
contraction
Cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The functional areas of the cerebrum
• sensory areas interpret impulses from receptors.
• motor areas control muscular movements.
• association areas are involved with intellectual and emotional processes.
Cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The hypothalamus regulates:
• heart rate• body temperature• movement of food through the alimentary canal• food and water intake• patterns of waking and sleeping• contraction of the urinary bladder• sexual cycles• sensory information from internal organs• associated with fear and anger• the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The medulla oblongata regulates:
• heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre
• breathing rhythm through its respiratory centre
• the diameter of blood vessels through its vasomotor centre
Medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons Varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The spinal cord
The action of the spinal cord
Sensory neurons pick up signals from the
skin and transfer that information to
connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or
brain.
This information is relayed on to the motor
neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a
response.
se
nsor
y ne
uron
connector neuron
mot
or n
euro
n
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268
se
nsor
y ne
uron
connector neuron
mot
or n
euro
n
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268