The Broadcasting Industry

A Creative Industry or an Entertainment Industry

TELEVISION

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Audio or audio/video

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Pre productionPreparation of the production

Conceptualization and ScriptingPre prod logistics

Location huntingSets and costume

CastingBudgeting

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Production – Live Broadcast, no take 2Recorded, pretaped,edited ( ENG or electronic

news gathering)Taped as live/before a live studio audience

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Post production – editing, mixing / scoringSpecial graphics effects

BROADCAST TRANSMISSION

AIRED / TELECASTCABLE CASTSTREAMED...MULTICAST

BROADCASTING EVOLUTION

BROADCASTING - LIVE CASTING / STREAMING– full content mass audiences

PODCASTING – choosing pieces of the content for individuals to listen/watch

BROADCASTING EVOLUTION

MULTI CASTING – uses the same content from streaming and edited to individualized/segmentized content

Delivered as book casts (ie kindle books publishing), mobile casts, social casts (social media, twitter,etc), google hangouts, Youtube live, etc.

BROADCAST PRODUCTION

personnel

Production staff

Creative/artists – director, writer, talents, cameraman, music composer/scorer, editor, graphics

Technical Staff – camera operator, etc.Production staff – Production assistant,

supervising producer

Personnel / skills

radioCreative

Director Writer Talents Sound Effects

Production PA/Producer

Technical Mixer-Spinner Technician Sound Designer

Tv Radio/sound plusCameramen/LightsVisual effects/graphicsProduction design

Art direction Costumes Props Make ups

Arts Manager -PRODUCER

Overall in charge of the production, both the artistic and sustainability aspects;Time consciousCoordinative / managerial (with logistics, staff)

Ensures that artistic requirements agreed with the director are available during production

Approval of productionSustainability of production (marketing,etc)

Creative staff: DIRECTOR

Overall in command of the execution of the production; approval of music/sfx, etc, acting delivery;

In charge of over all quality and art of the production; timing and rhythm

Creative treatment of the productionReports to producer / client

Creative Staff - WRITER

Translates the concept into a script that provides the foundation that structures the production, incorporating the objectives.

Provides the spiels or dialogues of the talent, and the audio cues for the mixer and suggests creative treatment for the director;

Creative Staff: TALENT

The “voice” / “face” of the program; the connection of the program to the audience

Delivery / pace / rhythm, tone.Characterization study, with guidance from the

director

Technical Staff: MIXER – SPINNER-SOUND MANCAMERA OPERATOR – LIGHTMAN, GRAPHICS

Responsible for the technical aspects of production; Voice levels / balance, fades; inputs and compatibility of av materials with equipment; set up of mics; Set up and operations of camera, lights, graphics

TV Production Exercise - functions

Control RoomDirectorTechnical DirectorGraphicsVTRSoundLights

TV Production Exercise - functions

StudioFloor DirectorCamera 1-3Production AssistantArt Director/ Production Designer

Make Up / CostumesSet Designer Props

Technical Assistant

Budget Items

HonorariaCreative/artists – director, writer, talentsTechnical StaffProduction

Equipment / Studio RentalProduction Design (nr)SuppliesTranspo / CommunicationFood

BROADCAST PRODUCTION

format

formats

News, Public affairsDramaTalk – commentariesPlugs – Ads, Public Service AnnouncementsMusicGameDocumentaryVariety/MagazineOthers

Production and Programming

Key strategies in broadcasting to earn

Formula: (Or how moolah is made in broadcasting)

Audience watches – Media Product –

Produced, Programmed & Aired –

Formula: Audience watches –

Media Product – Produced, Programmed & Aired –

Companies’ products and services to sell–

Advertisers buy media airtime –

Product Plugs are shown –

Media is paid according to rate cards

Calculation

45 minutes = body of the episode15 minutes = prescribed time for

advertisementsRate Card: the rate for airing a plug

depending on the ratings Runs on 30 seconders and 15/60

secondersCost of production < number of spots

Production

Media process that utilizes elements to achieve the objectives

Broadcasters are NOT in the business of creating programs

They are in the business of creating audiences that

advertisers want to reach

Contrary to popular beliefContrary to popular belief

Who is the Audience?

ANYONE who uses the media;

USES-visiting, peripheral and full viewing

Audience Demographics

TO IDENTIFY the audienceTo REACH the audienceKnow the Audience daily cycle and match

with appropriate showsUnderstanding the profile of the audienceTo appeal to the audience

Audience Demographics

Economic – A,B,C,D,E Access to info (education)Affordability; Habits

Gender – Male, Female, Transgender Age – Children, Teens, Young Adults,

Adults, Geriatrics

Demographic profiles

A – B (3-6%)Owns own house,

car, sends kids to private schools

University to graduate degrees

English, chinese speakers

BROAD C – (6-11%)

High school to undergrad degree

Rents/owns houseGovernmentSends kids to

schools

An idea of the audience

D – 65-70% of population

No ownership of major properties

Grade 3 ave educIrregular jobIsang kahig, isang

tuka

Urban informal settlers

Factory workers Farmers, fisherfolk

Why do the audience watch TV or listen to the radio?RadioInformationListen to MusicCompanionshipWake upperTo talk back to the

station/govtPresence

TVTo be entertainedTo escapeTo be informedCompanionshipTo earn moneyTo learnTo do something

What do the audience want?

Entertainment - Fun, Kagigiliwan

Information - What’s news? What’s the buzz?

Nanny /Time FillerAdventure / EscapeTherapy (catalyst)Education

Other qualitative descriptions

Young urban HousemothersOut of school youthYoung men and women in loveMacho men

Audience vs Formats

CartoonsMoviesDramasSportsNewsGame showsMusicVariety

Children’sCurrent AffairrsDocumentariesRomanceCounsellingTalk

From the point of view of the advertisers (who speak for the

product manufacturers)

Give whatever – just give us the target client.

In the end, the audience are consumers

Media consumption = product consumption

“It is not only show, it is business.” -Santos

Debate: Give what they want?

Give what they need?

Does the audience know what they want? What they need?

Do we give them CHOICES?

What do they want (DESIRE)?

What do they need?

What do they think?

HOW WELL DO YOU (think you) KNOW YOUR

AUDIENCE?

THE AUDIENCE AS DEFINED BY

DEMOGRAPHICS: a/g/e

“TASTE” OR PREFERENCE

HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE?

KNOWING THE AUDIENCE: THEIR LIVES, THEIR (FINANCIAL) PRIORITIES

WHO THEY ARE (Psychology)? = KNOWING WHAT THEY WANT,

NEED =KNOWING THEIR TASTE/

PREFERENCE?

EQUALS =

KNOWING THE MEDIA TO REACH TO THEM... THE SHOW TO

CONNECT TO THEM... TO TELL

THEM YOUR MESSAGE

KNOWING THE AUDIENCE

Or, What is the real message,

Or, the real purpose of your message?

But WHAT IS YOUR MESSAGE?

THE CONCEPT ...

WHAT IS THE POINT?

Focus : CONTENT OR SUBSTANCE

Reason for being, raison de etat

MESSAGE

The FORM is a means.