The Breeding Update:

New Kidney Varieties and Slow

Darkening Pintos

Juan M. Osorno Ph.D.

Dry Bean Breeder

North Dakota State University

Fargo-ND

January 16, 2015

Today’s Topics

• New Kidney Varieties

– Talon Dark Red Kidney

– Rosie Light Red Kidney

• Update on Slow Darkening Pintos

• Yield Gains in dry beans during the last 30

years

• A reccomendation note on Rio Rojo small

red

New Kidney Varieties

• Talon Dark Red Kidney and Rosie Light

Red Kidney

– High seed yield

– Tolerance to the root rot complex

– Intermediate resistance to CBB

– Excellent seed quality

– Canning quality similar to checks

Talon Dark Red Kidney

Talon

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

KVT - Perham KVT - Park Rapids

1720

2090

1410

1860

1380 1360

Po

un

ds p

er

Acre

2014 Variety Trials - Seed Yield

Talon

Montcalm

Redhawk

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

Talon Montcalm Redhawk

1864

1658

1578

Po

un

ds p

er

Acre

Seed Yield of Talon Compared with Commercial Checks across

19 Environments (2006-2014)

Means of agronomic traits of Talon compared with dark

red kidney cultivars commonly grown in Minnesota

across 19 environments.

Genotype 100-seed weight Maturity Plant height Canning quality

g ± SD d ± SD cm ± SD score ± SD†

Talon 48.7 ± 5.4 100 ± 8 52 ± 9 4.1 ± 0.4

Montcalm 49.4 ± 8.6 102 ± 8 48 ± 8 3.4 ± 0.6

Redhawk 47.1 ± 7.2 99 ± 8 46 ± 7 4.9 ± 0.1

Rosie Light Red Kidney

Rosie

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

KVT - Perham KVT - Park Rapids

1620

2230

910

810

1930 1900

1610

1410

Po

un

ds p

er

Acre

Location

Rosie

CELRK

Foxfire

Pink Panther

2014 Variety Trials – Seed Yield

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Rosie CELRK Foxfire Pink Panther

1787

1035

1648

1561

Po

un

ds p

er

Acre

Seed Yield of Rosie Compared with Commercial Checks across

18 Environments (2006-2014)

Means of agronomic traits of Rosie compared with light

red kidney cultivars commonly grown in Minnesota

across 18 environments.

Genotype 100-seed weight Maturity Plant height Canning quality

g ± SD d ± SD cm ± SD score ± SD†

Rosie 49.8 ± 6.6 104 ± 7 52 ± 9 3.5 ± 0.1

CELRK 51.1 ± 8.2 92 ± 11 40 ± 7 Not tested

Foxfire 49.2 ± 7.4 99 ± 12 46 ± 4 Not tested

Pink Panther 51.8 ± 9.7 91 ± 8 44 ± 7 3.8 ± 1.0

Current Seed Status

• The “not-so-good” news :

– Early frost in Wyoming caused significant

damage in seed increases

• ~50% seed loss

• ~60% germination on cleaned seed

• The good news:

– We also had seed increases in Idaho!

• However, seed quantities are very limited.

• Contact NDSU Foundation Seedstocks for details

– Dale Williams

– Gonzalo Rojas

What’s next? • Foundation seed increases in ID, WA, and WY

will occur during 2015

• Enough seed to supply the demand for kidney

Foundation seed should be available in late

2015

• Some certified seed growers will produce seed

in 2015, so limited amounts may be available

commercially in 2016?

• More crosses under way using these lines

• More testing across more locations during 2015

Slow Darkening Pinto Beans: Development,

Agronomic Performance, and Quality

Testing. • Dr. Phil Miklas

USDA-ARS

Prosser-WA

• Specialty Crop

Block Grants

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

23ST-27 SF103-8 Stampede Lariat La Paz Windbreaker

2495 2599 2617

2351

2700 2640

Po

un

ds p

er

Acre

Seed Yield of Slow Darkening Breeding lines Across 13

Environments (2011-2014)

Line/Variety

100-seed Weight (g)

Days to Maturity (days)

Plant Height (cm)

MEAN SD* MEAN SD* MEAN SD*

23ST-27 39.5 4 102 7 47 6

SF103-8 38.0 3 103 6 55 5

Stampede 37.5 4 101 7 54 7

Lariat 37.7 3 105 7 54 8

La Paz 34.7 2 103 5 55 8

Windbreaker 39.1 3 103 6 47 7

Other Agronomic Traits of New Slow

Darkening Breeding Lines Across 13

Environments (2011-2014)

*SD. Standard Deviation

Current Seed Status

• The “not-so-good” news :

– Early frost in WY caused significant damage in seed

increases

• ~50% seed loss

• ~60% germination on cleaned seed

• The good news:

– Slow Darkening trait gained without tradeoffs in other

agronomic traits!

– We had very small increases in Idaho

• Seed will be used for larger increase this season

– Winter seed increase is currently being grown in

Florida.

What’s next? • Foundation seed increases in ID, WA, and WY

will occur during 2015.

– We estimate at least ~60k pounds may be available

by the end of the year.

• Will be presented to the NDSU variety release

committee in early 2016.

• Certified seed growers will produce seed in

2016.

• More crosses under way using these lines.

• More testing across more locations during 2015

season.

New Book From CSSA - 2014

• Studying increases

in seed yield is

important to

understanding how

food and fiber

needs will be met

in the future.

On-Farm Yields Across all

Market Classes (1910-2012)

R² = 0.16 b = 12.9 P<0.0001

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

kg h

a-1

YEAR

R² = 0.38 b = 15.2 P<0.01

R² = 0.16 b = 12.2 P = 0.02

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1980 1990 2000 2010

kg h

a-1

YEARS

ON-FARM YIELD

POTENTIAL YIELD

R² = 0.31 b = 18.5 P<0.0001

R² = 0.57 b = 25.9 P<0.0001

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1980 1990 2000 2010

kg h

a-1

YEARS

ON-FARM YIELD

POTENTIAL YIELD

Yield Gains - Navy

R² = 0.04 b = 5.73 P = 0.30

R² = 0.29 b = 24.3 P = 0.0006

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1985 1995 2005

kg h

a-1

YEARS

ON-FARM YIELD

POTENTIAL YIELD

Yield Gains - Black

R² = 0.41 b = 19.1 P = 0.0012

R² = 0.58 b = 39.9 P<0.0001

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

kg h

a-1

YEAR

ON-FARM YIELD

POTENTIAL YIELD

Yield Gains - Kidney

Yield Gains - Pinto

Source: USATODAY and USDA-NASS.

Positive Yield Gains in

Dry Beans

(In Spite of Geographic

Production Shift!)

Study Conclusions

• Positive yield gain in the 4 most important

market classes in the last 30 years.

– Mostly caused by improved genetics (newer

varieties), but also better agronomic practices, better

equipment, improved chemicals, etc.

• Small increases in seed size and plant height

have had significant effects in the crop as well:

– Yield increase due to seed size.

– Taller plants allow for more efficient harvest.

A Production Note on Rio Rojo

Small Red • Very positive feedback from growers regarding

agronomic performance, especially seed yield,

plant architecture, and uniform drydown.

• Some growers have experienced problems with

color variation and/or unacceptable darker red

color:

– Relatively common in small reds, but appears to be

more frequent in Rio Rojo

– Heavily influenced by environmental conditions at

harvest: • If harvested too early: Lighter “pinkish” color

• If harvested too late: Darker red color.

Harvested Too Early? Harvested Too Late? Good/Acceptable Color

Images taken by M. Kloberdanz - NDSU

Harvest Recommendations for

Rio Rojo • Be more conscious about harvest timing

– Check for seed color on upper pods regularly

when crop is reaching maturity

– Do not leave dry plants for too long in the field

– Be extra-careful when using desiccants

– Lighter red is easier to clean than darker color

with a color sorter

• Rio Rojo booklet will be updated with this

info.

Wrapping up!

• The good news:

– Superior agronomic performance of Talon DRK and

Rosie LRK

– Competitive agronomic performance of Slow

Darkening pintos

– Positive Yield gains: Investing in Breeding pays off!

• The “not-so-good” news:

– Thanks to mother nature:

• Limited amounts of kidney seed available for 2015

• Release of SD pintos delayed 1 year.

Aknowledgements

• Jody Vander Wal and Mike Kloberdanz

• Graduate students

• Summer interns/workers

North Dakota Dry Edible

Bean Seed Growers

Association

NDDEBSGA