radiographic projection of objects. step wedge darkening curve of films exposition darkening linear...
TRANSCRIPT
„God is good to endodontists”
• 90% of apical defects transparent
• Mainly localised at the apex
• Close to the cortical bone
• Background usualy bright
Disturbing factors
• Inclination
• Anatomic noise (anatomical landmarks)
• Size (too small)
• Expozition
• Film development