the body of a sample of sip in caraga regional science high school

Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and

Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Extract as an

Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer

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Submitted to

MR. LLOYD P. DIZON

Faculty, Junior High School Department

Caraga Regional Science High School

Surigao City

__________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject of

Grade 7 (Mendel)- Research

_________________________________

ERVIN KRISTER A. REYES

CARLOS KEITH ANTHONY L. TANDAN

APRIL 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................... II

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study.................................................... 1

Statement of the Problem................................................... 2

Significance of the Study.................................................... 2

Scopes and Limitations....................................................... 3

Definition of Terms.............................................................3

Review of Related Literature...............................................4

Review of Related Studies...................................................7

METHODOLOGY

Research Design................................................................. 8

Schematic Diagram............................................................ 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Results.............................................................................. 11

Discussions....................................................................... 12

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary........................................................................... 13

Conclusion........................................................................ 13

Recommendation.............................................................. 13

REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 14

APPENDICES.............................................................................................................15

I

ABSTRACT

Cockroaches live in wide range of environments around the world. These pests species

prefer warm conditions and thus are commonly found in the buildings of densely populated

cities. Cockroaches may have negative consequences for human health because they carry a

large range of some serious illness to body.

In the study of the researchers, they thought of some other ways to kill these pests.

They dipped them in the solution of carabo and ampalaya with chlorine added, then waited

till the time comes that the cockroaches will die. The main materials that the researchers think

to it are carabo, and ampalaya, which they think that these can kill cockroaches.

The result is alternative, because it succeeded on its job to kill cockroaches. It is not

harmful to the environment, it’s effective and does lessen the harm intended to human body

and everyone’s health.

So, the study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya

(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” will aim to

be a natural alternative cockroach repellent.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to thank our Almighty Father, for being with them

throughout their journey until the conduct of their study and in making of this paper were

done. It would have not been finished without his guidance to them and the following

individuals.

Mr. Ernesto P. Reyes and Mrs. Divina Liza A. Reyes, the parents of Ervin Krister A.

Reyes. Mr. Christian R. Tandan and Mrs. Joan L. Tandan, the parents of Carlos Keith

Anthony L. Tandan. For encouraging the researchers in pushing them to finish their study.

The researchers would like to thank their Research Adviser, Mr. Lloyd Payen Dizon,

including the Panel Members, Mark Anthony T. Bangao, Marygen S. Cuadra, Archie

Urbiztondo, Lizel Obenza, for being with them in making the best advices for their study.

Their classmates, for also supporting them to be firm and strong.

Without them, the study would be impossible to be successful and be full of failure.

Because of them, they made the researchers molded and be inspired in making this study.

Thank you very much guys.

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Cockroaches are common pests in the tropics. They have been known to cause

allergic reactions to most people and chew holes on clothes. According to Bato Balani for

Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, the real danger of cockroach lies in their ability to

transmit sometimes lethal diseases and organisms such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus

spp., Hepatitis viruses , and Coliform bacteria . They have been known to contaminate food,

at the same time infect it with the bacteria they carry. The bacteria they spread in food can

cause food poisoning.

People have used various instruments to control the cockroach problem in homes. The

most popular is the commonly used insecticide sprays. Most of these can destroy cockroaches

but they can also do serious damage to humans as well. According to the experts of the

website www.bayer.co.th, the active ingredients in these sprays, like tethramethrin, and

petroleum distillates can cause severe chest pains and cough attacks when inhaled. The

second most popular instrument is the cockroach coils. These coils can kill cockroaches yet

the active ingredients in these coils like allethrin, pynamin forte, prothrin and pyrethrin , can

cause harm to humans when inhaled. It also has an ozone-depleting ingredient. The third

most popular is the flypaper. The cockroaches will just stick into it. But when they are stuck,

the cockroaches will die and carcass can spread more bacteria.

In addition to the side effects of these materials, the costs of these cockroach killer are

high. All these set aside, the question on everyone’s mind is: What can be an effective and

natural cockroach killer? Well, we will find out because the study entitled “Carabo (Coleus

aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative

Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” will aim to be success.

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Statement of the Problem

This experimental study will aim to kill cockroaches easily for the people who are going to

apply when they will encounter them. So it will answer the following questions;

1. Is using this alternative cockroach killer containing an extract of carabo and

ampalaya in different measurements will help in killing the cockroaches surrounding

everywhere?

2. Is making this alternative cockroach killer, expensive?

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

1. The alternative cockroach killer will fail on its job in killing cockroaches.

Alternative Hypothesis

2. The alternative cockroach killer will success in killing cockroaches.

Significance of the Study

The study if proven will benefit to the following people;

The Local Government will support the researchers and help to improve this study to

help its people.

The Community will benefit and could record the good one because of using this

alternative cockroach killer to lessen cases causing diseases.

The Residents will be happy because they can assure that every member of their

family is safe and clean from any dirty insects.

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The Future Researchers will going to improve this study in adding capable ingredients

that can kill certain harmful insects.

Scopes and Limitations

The study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya

(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” focused on

the study of potentiality of this study in killing cockroaches. The cite of the experiment was

at P1-A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City. The conduct of the experiment was limited only in the

identification of Country Borage (Coleus aromaticus) leaves extract and Ampalaya

(Momordica charantia) extract. From November 2016 to January 2017

Definition of Terms

Alkaloid. Are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly

contain basic nitrogen atoms

Ampalaya. Momordica charantia, is a tropical plant largely found in Asia, South America,

East Africa and the Caribbean. Often referred to as bitter melon or bitter gourd,

its fruit is used in both food preparation and alternative medicines

Antibacterial Activity. Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their

ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as chlorine,

and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties

Antioxidant. A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the

deterioration of stored food products

Antiproliferative. Substance used to prevent or retard the spread of cells, especially

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malignant cells, into surrounding tissues

Carabo. Plectranthus amboinicus, once identified as Coleus amboinicus, is a tender fleshy

perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae with an oregano-like flavor and odor,

native to Southern and Eastern Africa

Cockroach. Are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About ,over

30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats

Food Poisoning. Illness caused by bacteria or other toxins in food, typically with vomiting

and diarrhea

Methanol. It is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very

similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). However, unlike ethanol, methanol

is highly toxic and unfit for consumption

Momordin. Found in the root of Momordica cochinchinensis where it constitutes 10% of the

dried methanol extract

Review of Related Literature

Carabo – (Country Borage) is an aromatic, perennial succulent which grows to about 1 meter

in height. Carabo has phytochemical property of capable of having antioxidant, antibacterial

activity and antiproliferative.The leaves, which put forth a strong sweet smelling odor, is

heart-shaped and fleshy in nature. The small flowers are white or pale purple in color. It has

so many medicinal use just like promotes the flow of urine, promotes menstrual flow, gives a

ton of vitality to the body, for the expelling of gases, flatulence and griping pains from the

stomach and bowels, indigestion, discomfort or pain, good for asthma and acute abdominal

pain, for cough and bronchitis, kidney problems and epilepsy, jaundice, gout and rheumatism,

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sores, ulcers, boils, sprains and swellings, sore throat, headache and urino-gental disorders,

and etc. In order to use this we must follow some easy steps like. The juice of the leaves is

recommended for dyspepsia or indigestion, discomfort or pain, for asthma, abdominal pain,

cough, bronchitis, kidney problems, epilepsy, jaundice, gout and rheumatism. The juice acts

as a good ointment when applied externally for sores, ulcers, boils, sprains and swellings. The

heated leaves applied externally relieves sore throat. Source:

(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/country-borage)

Ampalaya - Bitter gourd is a monoecious vine bearing tendrils and belonging to the plant

family Cucurbitaceae. It possesses of having the property of Glycosides: momordin,

charantin, momordin for constituent for 10% methanol and also, Alkaloid. The alternate

leaves are sub orbicular and deeply lobed. The flowers, 5-10 cm. long are yellow or white,

and are solitarily scattered all over the vine. The bitter fruit has an oblong shape and rough

outer surface. The flat seeds embedded in the fruits are also bitter. The young leaves, shoots

and fruit are eaten as vegetables. It has so many uses like treating chest problems, killing lice

and etc. According to well-known Ayurvedic practices, the regular use of the fresh fruit juice

is anti-diabetic, cardio tonic, anthelmintic, laxative and digestive stimulant. It is also usefulin

respiratory diseases,biliousness, anemia, jaundice, rheumatism, gout, urinary discharges and

piles.The root of this plant is used for chest problems, either in decoction or in powder form.

The washing of head with the root decoction is said to kill lice. The seeds, in infusion are

used for chronic malaria, enlarged spleen and coughs. The powder of the seed diluted in

warm water has the same effect. Used externally, the seeds are applied in the form of a paste

in fractures, bone dislocations, swellings, tumors, abscess of the breast, bruises, ulcer and

general wounds. Source: (https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/

bitter-gourd)

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Cockroach - are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About 30

cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. About four species are

well known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, dating back at least as far as the

Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors however lacked the

internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects

without special adaptations like the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs; they

have chewing mouthparts and are likely among the most primitive of living neopteran insects.

They are common and hardy insects, and can tolerate a wide range of environments from

Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much bigger than temperate

species, and, contrary to popular belief, extinct cockroach relatives and 'roachoids' such as the

Carboniferous Archimylacris and the Permian Apthoroblattina were not as large as the

biggest modern species.Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an

elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer

and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity.

They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, though the great majority of species are

inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world. And it is related to our

study because it is one of the most important materials needed for the experiment. Source:

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockroach)

Review of Related Studies

Carabo

- Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) was investigated for antifungal activity

through agar well diffusion assay. Indian borage oil (IBO) was found to be effective against

various fungi tested, as it inhibited the radial growth of mycelia and exhibited broad

fungitoxic properties against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus

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CFR 221, Aspergillus oryzae, Candida versatilis, Fusarium sp. GF-1019, Penicillium sp., and

Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effective concentration of IBO on the growth of A. ochraceus

in yeast extract sucrose medium was determined. IBO completely inhibited ochratoxin (OTA)

production by the toxigenic strain A. ochraceus at 500 ppm. Also, the application of IBO at

100 mg/g in food samples resulted in inhibition of the growth of A. ochraceus in food

systems such as groundnut, maize and poultry feed and no detectable amount of OTA was

found at a high moisture level of 30%, even after seven days. IBO has the potential for use as

a botanical fungitoxicant against fungal attack in stored food commodities. And it is related

to our study because it is one of the most important materials needed for the experiment

Source: (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881460801282X)

Ampalaya

- The study was experimental in nature, using completely randomized design. Research

locale: Aedes mosquito eggs were collected from one of the researcher's residence in

Mandaue city, breeding and hatching was done in the zoology laboratory of CDU. Research

subject: Two (2) to four (4) days old Aedes mosquito larvae. Research instrument: Beaker,

Measuring Cylinder, Plastic Containers, Spoon. Data collection procedure: Aedes larvae were

first treated with water, then with different concentrations of Ampalaya fruit juice and finally

with commercial larvicide. During each trial the numbers of dead larvae were counted after

time interval of 20 minutes, 40 minutes and one (1) hour. The larvae that floated and did not

show any movement or even did not respond to very slow stirring of the plastic spoon were

considered dead larvae and the one which showed movement were counted as alive larvae.

Result: The larvicidal effect was not superior to ABATE 1SG. Conclusion: In conclusion

Ampalaya fruit juice had a larvicidal effect, but it was inferior to the positive control ABATE

1SG. (http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=54590)

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METHODOLOGY

Research Design


(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” used the

experimental research design for the study to focus only to the experiment and result to avoid

confusions.

Schematic Diagram

Gathering of Materials

The materials are being gathered by the researcher. It may be seen outside, or can be bought

at a market and or materials can be found just in home. So the materials are:

Carabo Ampalaya

3 Plastic Bottles Graduated Cylinder

Pestle and Mortar

A. Gathering of Materials Needed

in Experiment

C. Create a Pre-Test of the

Experiment

D. Create an Experiment

B. Following the Procedures

E. Gathering of the Data and Results

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Following the Procedures

The first thing to do is to prepare and clean all the materials before conducting an

experiment by the researchers. Segregate them by using plates or any materials that can be

used as keeper and may be labeled to avoid confusion. Then, the carabo will be the first to be

extracted using the pestle and mortar, and when it reaches 135ml, put it on an empty plastic

bottle and set aside for a while. Clean the pestle and mortar. The ampalaya will be the next to

be extracted, the extraction is just the same with carabo until it reaches 135ml liquid solution.

In each trials, the measurements of the solutions are just the same, 15ml carabo extract and

15ml ampalaya extract. In-able to measure the amount of a substance we are going to use

measuring cup. The 135ml extract from the carabo is been to be divided into 3 set-ups and 3

trials which this thing was being gathered in the backyard of the researchers. The ampalaya

was extracted and produced also 45ml and been divided into 3 trials that was needed for the

solution to be more effective which can be bought at the Public Market. In order for these

materials to be extracted the researchers used a pestle and mortar. Each setup and trials has

been putted in an empty plastic bottle.

Creating a Pre-Test

Wearing complete gear-set, parent guided and in a place that is far from flammable

materials like wood are some basic important things to react before conducting an experiment

to secure the protection from danger of the researchers. Do it in a favorable weather condition

inside the house. Should never forget the materials needed, so that the steps are being

performed responsibly by the researchers. And do the pre-test of the experiment.

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Creating an Experiment

Now you have already the pre-test, so your next to do is to create an experiment. This

will prove that your hypothesis is true. Just follow the steps above being stated. When you

have already the finished product, test it to the sample, then count the number of cockroaches

that died, capture important images and search for important information about the result.

And lastly, write down the results of your experiment then list it maybe in a form of table.

Gathering the Data and Results

If the experiment is already done you are now going to gather all the information that

will show up in the result of your experiment. The result will show up for sure after

performing all the steps. The result is may be putted in a form of a table, because this may

help the readers to get automatically the effect of this substance to the sample. Testify which

hypothesis does fit to it. To gather the results you must capture some important happenings in

the experiment, taking down notes of your observation can help a lot in providing evidence,

camera recording has an important role too. That you may conclude in the defense part to get

a high rate of satisfactory of the study.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Results


(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was

conducted at P-1A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City and Surigao City Health Office. The results

were shown in the table:

Alternative Dishwashing Liquid’s Result

Set UpsConcentration

No. Of

Samples

Time Until The

Samples Dies

Under The Solution

Set Up 1 60 ml Ampalaya Extract and 30 ml Carabo Extract

3 1 Minute and 29.3

Seconds

Trial 1 20 ml Ampalaya Extract and 10 ml

Carabo Extract

1 1 Minute and 30

Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 1 Minute and 33

Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 1 Minute and 25

Seconds


3 53.3 Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 48 Seconds

Trial 2 15 ml Ampalaya 1 53 Seconds

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Extract and 15 ml Carabo Extract


Carabo Extract

1 59 Seconds


3 27.7 Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 29 Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 25 Seconds


Carabo Extract

1 26 Seconds

Discussions

In setups 1, 2, and 3 there are 3 trials, so 9 cockroaches. The cockroaches are being

cared properly, they eat their food and in a place of well ventilated with air, so they can adjust

in the environment. In each set ups, the number of cockroaches are uniform in 3 and trials

uniform of 1. In each setup there are different concentration to vary the effectiveness of

extract. As shown above, there are less amount of time recorded in setup 3 which with greater

amount of carabo with less amount of ampalaya, and more amount of time in setup 1 which

with greater amount of ampalaya with less amount of carabo, in other words, carabo is more

effective in killing cockroaches than ampalaya. So we could say that our alternative

cockroach killer can kill cockroaches.

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary


(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was

conducted on January 13, 2017 at P-1A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City. In order to kill the

samples, these samples were dipped to the solution of carabo and ampalaya then recorded the

time until these samples died.

Conclusion

In the conclusion, “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya

(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was an

effective repellent because carabo has phytochemical property of capable of having

antioxidant, antibacterial activity and antiproliferative and for ampalaya, it possesses of

having the property of Glycosides: momordin, charantin, momordin for constituent for 10%

methanol and also, Alkaloid. It is effective within 30-second time interval. It could kill

cockroaches, it is not harmful in the environment and is effective.

Recommendation

The researchers would like to recommend the future researchers to follow the same

procedures of this experiment, they just need to change some ingredients and ways in order to

kill these samples, the number of samples are just the same, but, measurements can be

changed. Then the future researchers will take down notes during the conduct of the

experiment and go!

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REFERENCES

Introuction

1.(http://www.pestworld.org/news-and-views/pest-health-hub/posts/the-truth-about-

cockroaches-and-health)

2.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/books/NBK92775/)

3.(http://moringasupergulay.blogspot.com/p/clinical-studies.html)

Review of Related Literature

4.(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/country-borage)

5.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract)

6.(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/bitter-gourd)

7.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellent)

8.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockroach)

Review of Related Studies

9.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881460801282X)

10.(http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=54590)

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APPENDICES

Gathering of Materials

The Carabo and Ampalaya

Transferring of the Carabo and Ampalaya in the Pestle and Mortar

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Extraction of the Carabo and Ampalaya

Extract of the Carabo and Ampalaya

The Finished Product

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Applying it in the First Set-up

Applying it in the Second Set-up

Applying it in the Third Set-up

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