the benefits and impacts of roadway access management aashto mississippi valley meeting chicago,...
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The Benefits and Impacts of Roadway Access Management
AASHTO Mississippi Valley Meeting Chicago, Illinois
July 1999
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business vitalityImplementing access managementConclusions
What Is Access Management?
“Access Management is the process that provides access to land development while simultaneously preserving the flow of traffic on the surrounding road system in terms of safety, capacity, and speed”.
(Source: Federal Highway Administration)
A Key Goal
A key goal of access management is to maintain the functional integrity of the roadway system
Functional Integrity
Reserve high speed, high capacity roads for high speed, long-distance travel
Maintain a “hierarchy” of roadsBalance traffic movement and access to
adjacent land by providing land access compatible with the roadway classification
Functional Integrity
Access to Property
ThroughTraffic
Movement
Freeway
Arterial
Local
Collector
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business vitalityImplementing access managementConclusions
Douglas Avenue: High Access Management
Douglas Avenue: Moderate Access Management
Douglas Avenue: Little/No Access Management
Douglas Avenue: Little/No Access Management
Douglas Avenue: Little/No Access Management
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business vitalityImplementing access managementConclusions
What Are The Benefits of Managing Access?
Improved safety (reduction in accidents and accident rates)
Better traffic operations (increased LOS, capacity, and speed)
Other public benefits (for pedestrians, bicyclists, public transit, taxpayers, and the environment)
Potentially, a better environment in which to do business
Safety: Driveway Spacing And Accident Rates Are Strongly Related
Safety: Accident Rates Are Lower On Better Managed Roads
Safety: Iowa Case Studies
Seven Iowa case studies
Case studies show nearly a 40 percent average reduction in accident rates after access management projects were completed.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Accident Rate
(per MVMT)
Before
After
Iowa Case Studies:Accident Reduction By Type
0 50 100 150 200 250
Rear End
Left/Broadside
Right Angle
Other
Total
Before
After
Operations: Capacity Is Higher On Better Managed Roads
Operations: Travel Speed Is Higher On Managed Roads
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for
managing accessAccess management and business vitalityImplementing access managementConclusions
How to Manage Access
Maintain the functional integrity of the roadway system by: Limiting conflict points Separating conflict points Removing turning traffic from through
traffic lanes
Conflict Points at Intersection
Limiting Conflict Points: Medians
Separating Conflict Points: Why?
Drivers can only mentally process one conflict point at a time
Separation also provides enough time and space for drivers to react to the unexpected
Conflict points represent opportunities for accidents, congestion, and delay
Separating Conflict Points
Facilitating Turning Movements: Important Strategies
Increased turning radii (driveway flares)Increased driveway widthDecreased driveway slopeIncluding turn lanes or tapersImproved sight distance for turning trafficImproved internal site design
Facilitating Turning Movements
Steep Driveways, Slower Turns
Common Access Management Treatments
Driveway consolidationCorner clearanceRaised mediansRaised medians at intersectionsTwo-way left-turn lanesFrontage roadsBackage roads
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business
vitality Implementing access managementConclusions
Business Vitality:
Business owners often oppose access changes or restrictions
Overall impacts on businesses are neutral to positive
Iowa study results mainly show: Lower business failure rates Improved retail sales levels Potential for land redevelopment Some individual businesses may be negatively
affected
Five Year ComparativeBusiness Survival Rates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70A
me
s
An
ke
ny
Cli
ve
Fa
irfi
eld
Sp
en
ce
r
Sta
tew
ide
Community
Corridor
Note: Based on a five year period bracketing project completion. For corridors, business name changes or moves are counted as failures. First round projects only.
Case Study Corridor Sales Tax Revenue Growth
Retail Trade Growth Trends, 1990s
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Ames
Ankeny
Clive
Fairfield
Spencer
Bettendorf
Coralville
Des Moines
West Des Moines
Average
Average, Without Clive
Cas
e S
tud
ies
Index, 1990=100
Corridor Index Community Index
Same Businesses Sales After Project Completion
Source: Opinion survey of business owners and managers.
Reported Sales Trend Post-Project
6%
45%
20%
29%
Decrease Same Increase Uncertain/No response
Businesses Reporting A Loss Of Sales After Project Completion
Nine of 162 businesses surveyed (6%) reported sales losses; these were: Two gasoline stations (both Des Moines--MAI) Two real estate offices (Ankeny--Median and Coralville--TWLTL) A convenience store (Bettendorf--TWLTL) A supermarket (Ankeny--Median) A tanning salon (Clive--Median) A music store (Coralville--TWLTL) A fast food restaurant (Coralville--TWLTL)
Five of these were “auto-oriented” businesses Five of these involved medians while four involved
TWLTLs
Businesses Reporting Customer Complaints About Highway Access
After Project Completion
Businesses Reporting Customer Complaints
28%
72%
Complaints reported No complaints
Businesses Reporting Customer Access Complaints, By Type
Customer Access Complaints By Business Type
28%
19%
4%6%
43%
Restaurant/fast foodAuto service/sales/gas stationHotel/motelInsurance/real estateOther business type
Presentation Outline
What is access management?An example corridorBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business vitality Implementing access managementConclusions
Implementing Access Management
In most states, roadway jurisdictions are legally responsible for managing access and providing access to properties.
State legislation usually spells out the regulatory powers of roadway jurisdictions
Local governments can usually also manage access via land use regulations
Implementing Access Management
Road improvement techniques and projects
Driveway permitting Prior to new development Prior to expanded development
Land use regulations Subdivision regulations, such as joint or
cross access regulations Zoning
Implementing Access Management
Cooperation among and involvement of All government agencies involved Business owners Land developers The public, including motorists
Acquisition of access rights
Presentation Outline
What is access management?Typical problems related to accessBenefits of managing accessTechniques and treatments for managing
accessAccess management and business vitalityImplementing access managementConclusions
Who Wins When Access Management Is Done Right?
Motorists: safer, less congested roads
Taxpayers: less expensive roadsMost business persons and their
customers: improved business environment
Communities as a whole: environmental and other benefits
Contact
David J. PlazakCenter for Transportation Research and Education,
ISU Research Park, Ames, IA 50010-8615
Telephone: (515) 294-8103Fax: (515) 294-0467E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/access