the bayt.com entrepreneurship in mena survey...key findings when it comes to perceptions of...
TRANSCRIPT
Nov 2017
The Bayt.com
Entrepreneurship in MENA Survey
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Section 1
Objectives
This research was conducted to gain insights into the current level of understanding and
interest in entrepreneurship within the region. The key objectives were to understand:
Current work preferences and reasons for being self employed vs. employed
Current level of entrepreneurship in the region
The perceived barriers to starting a business
The ease of setting up own business in current country of residence
Perception of entrepreneurs in the region
Key findings
Findings show that more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents prefer to be self-employed,with this proportion being considerably lower in Pakistan (39%), Algeria and the UAE (both at55%). ‘Personal fulfillment’ (53%) and ‘freedom to choose work-life balance’ (41%) emerge asthe top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. On the other hand, those who prefer toseek employment in a company, do so mostly for the regular income and for learning new skills( both at 43%).
Nearly 7 in 10 of those who are self-employed took the first step to establish their business inthe last 5 years. ‘Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve’ (32%), ‘formore income’ (29%), ‘achieving a better work-life balance’ (28%) and ‘wanting to do what theylove’ (24%) arise at the top reasons for having started their own businesses.
Over 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business (62%), while 20% have alreadytried but failed, with financial related reasons being the main obstacle preventing from doingso. This shows that although MENA residents have the entrepreneurial spirit, they may lack thefinancial resources to put them into action.
Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%)with residents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) claiming that to a greater extent.Over half also believes that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing lawsand regulations of setting up a business (53%).
Key findings
When it comes to perceptions of entrepreneurship, Real Estate/ Property Development (11%)and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) are considered to be the most appealing industries forentrepreneurship, followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG(8%). According to respondents, procuring finances (62%) is the top concern while setting up abusiness.
In regards to the perceived image of entrepreneurs, respondents most strongly agree with thestatements that ‘entrepreneurs are opportunity-driven’ (82%) and ‘entrepreneurs help increating new jobs’ (80%).
Finally, the most important ‘key to success’ for entrepreneurship is innovation (27%) followedby employing the right people (25%).
To conclude, being an entrepreneur is looked as a favorable career by respondents in the MENAregion where a majority of respondents who are not self-employed aspire to becomeentrepreneurs. However, there are several barriers and gaps, particularly financial ones,prevent them from doing so.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Section 2
Sample Definition
Age and Gender:
Adult males and females
Aged 18 and above
Nationalities:
Arabs, North Africans, Levantines, Westerns, Asians
Country of Residence
GCC: UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain
Levant: Lebanon, Jordan
North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan
Others: Pakistan
Data Collection
All data was collected online. Fieldwork was done between 1 October and 22 October 2017.
The total number of successful online interviews achieved was 4,570.
WORK STYLE PREFERENCES
Section 3a
Work style preference
All figures are %’s
Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below.
Base: Total (4,570)
When asked about their work style preference, more than three-fifths (62%) of respondents claimed they would prefer to be self-employed. On the other hand, 29% claimed they would prefer to seek employment in a company.
62
29
5
4
Be self- employed/ have my own business
Seek employment in a company (work for pay)
Work in a family business (if available/ applicable)
Others
Work style preference
All figures are %’s
2937
16 20 2432
1930
21
4532 27
19
36
21
6255
7173 68
5871
6368
3959 65
73
5576
5 45
4 4 6 6 54 8
6 4 6 424 3 7 3 4 4 4 3 7 7 2 4 2 5 2
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Seek employment in a company (work for pay) Be self- employed/ have my own business
Work in the family business (if applicable) Other
Q. Given the choice, what would you like to do? Please select one option from below.
Base: Total (4,570)
Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
This proportion of those interested in working for firms was considerably higher in Pakistan at 45%, Algeria (37%) and the UAE (36%).
Choice of sector
All figures are %’s
59
42
67 71 66 6671
48
67 65
5260
33
5459
41
58
33 29 34 3429
52
33 35
4840
67
4641
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Private sector company Public sector company
Q. Would you prefer to work for a …….?
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’ (1,333)
Small base for Jordan (50), Kuwait (58), Morocco (88), Qatar (60) very small base for Bahrain (12), Lebanon (34), Oman (24), Tunisia (21), Sudan (27)
Of those who prefer to seek employment in a company, 59% state that they would prefer to work for the private sector.
Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’
All figures are %’s
Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’? Select 3 responses only
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’ (1,333)
43
43
35
31
30
29
19
12
12
10
10
9
8
8
1
Learning new skills
Regular income
Stability of employment/ job security
Lack of finances to start own business
Fixed working hours
Benefits and perks
Unfavorable economic conditions
Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business
No investment required
Lack of an appropriate business idea
Consistent resources/ flow of work
Lack of necessary skills to be self-employed
Little risk involved
Lack the confidence for running own business
Other
The main reasons for preferring to seek employment in a company are regular income and learning new skills (both at 43%). Stability of employment (35%), lack of finances to start their own business (31%), fixed working hours (30%) and benefits and perks (29%) follow.
All figures are %’s
Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’?
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27*
Learning new skills 43 41 50 40 38 34 47 40 33 42 48 50 52 47 48
Regular income 43 34 75 47 38 47 32 31 46 49 40 45 38 50 33
Stability of employment/ job security
35 45 33 26 44 43 59 31 25 20 40 40 43 46 19
Lack of finances to start own business
31 32 25 28 36 26 24 40 42 30 40 32 29 22 26
Fixed working hours
30 23 17 29 32 34 41 28 29 34 27 30 29 34 15
Benefits and perks 29 43 33 31 40 21 29 38 25 21 23 23 43 24 52
Unfavorable economic conditions
19 21 33 34 22 9 9 28 17 11 10 19 10 7 37
Political system/ gov. difficulty to start own business
12 18 8 16 8 14 6 17 21 9 7 10 - 6 26
No investment required
12 4 - 4 2 17 24 3 29 29 12 4 5 24 4
Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’ – By country (1/2)
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’ (1,333)
*Small / very small base, please read data carefully
All figures are %’s
Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’?
Reasons for preferring to ‘seek employment in a company’ – By country (2/2)
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘seek employment in a company (work for pay)’ (1,333)
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 1,333 159 12* 167 50* 58* 34* 88* 24* 247 60* 219 21* 119 27*
Lack of an appropriate business idea
10 9 - 10 4 9 6 18 13 10 12 13 - 6 7
Consistent resources/ flow of work
10 8 8 8 10 16 - 6 4 11 15 9 19 12 4
Lack of necessary skills to be self-employed
9 10 8 8 8 7 12 8 8 12 3 9 29 4 15
Little risk involved 8 4 8 9 8 17 9 2 4 11 18 8 - 8 -
Lack the confidence for running own business
8 7 - 8 10 7 3 9 4 9 5 5 5 9 15
*Small / very small base, please read data carefully
All figures are %’s
Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own business’?
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own business’ (2,839)
53
41
38
38
38
32
31
14
9
4
2
Personal fulfilment / sense of pride
Freedom to choose work-life balance
Higher monetary gains
Ability to give back to the community
Be my own boss
Freedom to choose what to work on
Build a business my children can inherit
Freedom to choose whom to work with
Avoid uncertainties associated with employment
Family members are self-employed
Other
Reasons for preferring to be ‘self-employed’
‘Personal fulfillment’ (53%) and ‘freedom to choose work-life balance’ (41%) emerge as the top reasons for preferring to be self-employed. ‘Be my own boss’, ‘ability to give back to the community’ and ‘higher monetary gains’ follow (all at 38%).
All figures are %’s
Q. Why do you say that you would prefer to ‘be self- employed/ have my own businesses’?
Base: Those who say they would prefer to ‘be self-employed/ have my own business’ (2,839)
Reasons for preferring to be ‘self-employed’ – By country
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 2,839 238 52* 604 144 105 128 185 78* 215 111 525 79* 185 100
Personal fulfilment / sense of pride
53 45 46 68 60 43 38 65 29 32 35 57 59 49 46
Freedom to choose work-life balance
41 48 48 38 42 42 41 45 40 42 47 36 35 42 50
Higher monetary gains 38 32 27 45 40 37 30 25 29 26 41 44 53 34 44
Ability to give back to the community
38 48 37 36 36 29 23 53 40 35 37 40 35 32 50
Be my own boss 38 40 40 35 35 46 53 37 45 45 47 33 44 36 21
Freedom to choose what to work on
32 31 33 24 30 29 38 28 40 40 32 32 30 43 37
Build a business my children can inherit
31 27 37 37 27 37 30 19 38 28 28 36 29 25 32
Freedom to choose whom to work with
14 15 17 10 16 18 25 15 21 22 15 10 6 16 7
Avoid uncertainties associated with employment
9 8 12 4 8 12 13 8 14 14 13 7 5 15 8
Family members are self-employed
4 5 2 1 2 7 4 4 3 14 5 3 1 5 3
*Small / very small base, please read data carefully
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Section 3b
Age of business (those self-employed)
All figures are %’s
Q. You said you are self-employed / have your own business. When did you take the first step to establish it?
Base: Those self-employed (356)
6817
15
In the last 5 years (2012 - 2017)
From 5 to 10 years ago (2007 - 2011)
More than 10 years ago (2006 or before)
Of those who are self-employed, nearly 7 in 10 respondents took the first step to establish their business in the last 5 years.
Current stage of business (those self-employed)
All figures are %’s
Q. Which of the following best applies to the business you have established?
36
22
22
6
I am at the start up stage of the business
My business is well established and performing well
My business is established but currently notperforming well
I am in process of closing down my business
Base: Those self-employed (356)
Don’t know/ Can’t say: 15%
When it comes to the current stage of their business, over a third of the self-employed are at the start up stage of the business (36%), while another 22% claim that their business is established and performing well (22%). On the other hand, 22% say their business is established but not performing well
Reason for starting own business (those self-employed)
All figures are %’s
Q. Why did you decide to start your own business in the first instance?
32
29
28
24
23
22
20
19
12
11
7
3
1
Greater independence in what I want to achieve
Wanted more income
To achieve a better work-life balance
Wanted to do what I love
Had a great business idea/ concept
Wanted to be in control of my own career
Felt the time was right/ got the right opportunity
Wanted to be my own boss
Could not find a job
To choose when to work
Finance was easily available
Tried to emulate other members in the family
Other
Base: Those self-employed (356)
‘Gaining greater independence in what they wanted to achieve’ (32%), ‘for more income’ (29%), ‘achieving a better work-life balance’ (28%) and ‘wanting to do what they love’ (24%) arise as the top reasons for starting their own businesses
Hiring plans for the next year
All figures are %’s
Q. Are you planning to hire for your business within the next 12 months?
3847
2139 41 38
2137
2735 30
4432 32
44
2827
34
30 3128
28
27
3025 29
26 43
21
32
4
4
9
43
4
6
25
72
33
8
22
1
4
2 13
7
22
23
22
3
28 2132 26 24 26
3931 35 31 36
24 1936
22
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Definitely hiring Probably hiring Probably not hiring Definitely not hiring I don’t know / I’m not sure
Base: Those who are self-employed or employed in a family business (3,151)
Small base for Tunisia (88), Oman (82), very small base for Bahrain (56)
Two-thirds of respondents are planning to hire for their business in the next year
Personal ambition for business and future
All figures are %’s
Q. Which of the following best describes your personal ambition for your business and future growth?
Base: Those who are self-employed (356)
36
22
21
19
2
Obtain more growth and profitability in mycountry of residence
Become a major international group
Become an important international player
Become an important regional player
Other
Over a third of respondents have personal ambitions to grow their business further in their country of residence (36%), followed by 22% who aim to become a major international group.
Attempt to start own business (those currently employed)
62
20
11
I am currently thinking of starting my own business
I have tried to start my own business in the past butcould not do so/ or failed to do so
I have never thought of starting my own business
Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business?
All figures are %’s
Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (4,797)
Don’t know/ Can’t say: 7%
When it comes to those who are currently employed, almost 6 in 10 are currently thinking of starting their own business. 17% of respondents have tried to start their own business but have failed, while 15% never thought of starting their own business.
Attempt to start own business (those currently employed) – By country
All figures are %’s
Base: Those currently employed in the public/ private sector (2,407)
Q. Which of the following best describes you with regards to starting your own business?
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 2,407 172 44* 438 119 124 82* 81* 75* 252 141 453 43* 222 93*
I have tried to start my own business in the past but could not do so/ or failed to do so
21 18 23 23 29 21 21 10 21 16 16 21 23 19 27
I am currently thinking of starting my own business
59 64 59 64 45 62 59 67 65 50 67 56 56 59 59
I have never thought of starting my own business
10 10 9 7 20 10 9 15 5 11 7 12 7 13 11
Don’t know/ Can’t say 10 8 9 6 7 7 12 9 8 23 11 11 14 10 3
*Small / very small base, please read data carefully
Challenges faced in starting a business (those who tried but couldn’t/ failed to do so)
All figures are %’s
Q. Given below are some reasons that people have identified which could prevent one from starting one’s own business. Which of these prevented you from starting your own business?
53
52
37
18
16
14
13
12
12
11
11
9
9
9
7
4
Unable to obtain financial support
Not able to self-finance the start-up of the business
Economic uncertainty
Strict government regulations/ Bureaucracy
Strong competition in the line of business
Corruption in business
Fear of failure
Difficult to obtain sufficient information on starting a business
Cost of acquiring technology was prohibitive
Unable to meet licensing and regulatory requirements
Unable to establish the ‘right’ contacts
Do not have the requisite skills and experience
Difficult to reconcile with family situation
Lack of confidence/ risk-taking spirit
Too much hard work and effort
Lack of skilled workforce required in the business
Base: Those who tried to start a business in the past but could not do so (494)
Of those who tried to start a business in the past, financial-related obstacles were the main reasons preventing them from starting their own business.
PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Section 3c
Ease of setting up own business
All figures are %’s
Q. In your opinion, on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is ‘extremely easy’ and 5 is ‘extremely difficult’, how easy/ difficult would you sayit is to start your own business in the country you currently live in?
Base: Total (4,570)
6 3 5 4 18 3 2
1116
5 6 2 71
74
106
6
63 4
1411
5 8
2
1011
29
23
42
21 25
34
2335
3036
3232
19
35
21
39
42
25
4852
36
43
37
3323
3836
55
30
49
1927
18 2217 17
27 2212 13
20 1723
18 18
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Extremely easy Somewhat easy Neither easy nor difficult Somewhat difficult Extremely difficult
Nearly three-fifths claimed it was difficult to start a business in their country of residence (58%). Respondents in the Levant (61%) and North Africa (68%) believe that to a greater extent when compared to GCC
respondents (52%).
Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Government support for entrepreneurs
All figures are %’s
Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs?
Base: Total (4,570)
53
16
13
12
5
Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business
Reduce taxation
Regulate competition among businesses
Facilitate access to skilled labor
Other
Over half of respondents believe that the government could better support entrepreneurs by easing laws and regulations of setting up a business (53%).
Government support for entrepreneurs – By country
All figures are %’s
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131
Ease the laws and regulations of setting up a business
53 53 55 62 40 59 36 47 64 29 61 63 57 52 56
Reduce taxation 16 15 16 14 39 7 23 25 9 20 10 9 20 16 27
Regulate competition among businesses
13 14 10 11 9 18 19 12 13 19 13 10 9 13 8
Facilitate access to skilled labor
12 11 14 7 6 12 17 10 11 26 12 14 9 13 4
Taxation reduction is echoed more strongly in Jordan (39%).
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. How do you think governments could better support entrepreneurs?
*Small base, please read data carefully
Best time to start a business
All figures are %’s
Q. In your opinion when is it the best time to start one’s own business?
Base: Total (4,570)
43 4355
40 4350
35
5144 43 44 46
3743
37
1322
12
14 98
8
15
823
810
15 79
3330 22
35 3732
39
27
3824
37 34 4136 47
8 48 9 9 10
186 9 5 10 8 7
11 52 2 3 2 2 1 0 1 2 5 1 3 0 2 2
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Any time Right after college/ university Mid-career After a lengthy career Never
43% of respondents mentioned that starting a business can be done any time while a third consider the best time to be mid-career (33%).
Small bases for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Advice to aspiring entrepreneurs
All figures are %’s
Q. What do you think is the single best advice to an aspiring entrepreneur?
Base: Total (4,570)
44
12
10
10
9
7
5
1
3
Don't be afraid of failure
Have a great business plan
Have a great marketing plan
Have a great business idea
Do an extensive amount of market research
Have a great founding team
Have plenty of financing
Have a concrete exit strategy
Other
‘Not being afraid of failure’ (44%) is by far the best advice to aspiring entrepreneurs. Having a great business follows at 12%.
Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship
All figures are %’s
Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship?
Base: Total (4,570) Only industries>2% are presented
11
9
8
8
6
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
Real Estate/ Construction/ Property Development
Commerce/ Trade/ Retail
IT / Internet/ E-commerce
Consumer Goods/ FMCG
Manufacturing
Hospitality/ Recreation/ Entertainment
Marketing / Advertising/ Public Relations
Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals
Engineering/ Design
Tourism
Business Consultancy/ Business Management
Agriculture / Forestry
Education / Academia
The most appealing industries for entrepreneurship are considered to be Real Estate/ Property Development (11%) and Commerce/ Trade/ Retail (9%) followed by IT/ Internet/ E-commerce (8%) and Consumer Goods/ FMCG (8%).
Most appealing industry for entrepreneurship
All figures are %’s
Q. Which industry in your country of residence do you think is most appealing for entrepreneurship?
Base: Total (4,570)
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Only industries>2% are presented
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131
Real Estate/ Construction
11 8 10 15 6 9 6 15 9 7 18 10 11 10 10
Commerce/ Trade/ Retail
9 8 5 12 12 12 6 11 8 3 5 10 10 8 9
IT / Internet/ E-commerce
8 7 11 10 12 9 6 8 4 7 9 9 8 6 11
Consumer Goods/ FMCG
8 5 15 9 9 8 11 10 7 4 7 10 8 8 7
Manufacturing 6 10 1 10 6 5 2 6 4 4 7 5 13 4 8
Hospitality/ Entertainment
5 2 7 2 4 4 15 5 5 3 6 5 3 10 2
Marketing / Advertising/ Public Relations
4 3 3 4 3 6 3 5 1 7 3 5 4 5 1
Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals
4 8 4 3 2 13 1 3 7 3 7 3 8 2 2
Engineering/ Design 4 5 3 3 3 2 7 3 7 6 4 3 2 4 2
Tourism 4 7 3 4 4 2 4 4 8 2 3 3 2 6 1
Business Consultancy/ Business Management
3 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2 5
Agriculture / Forestry 3 9 1 2 1 1 1 2 - 3 5 1 5 2 12
Education / Academia 3 1 4 2 4 3 2 1 6 7 1 2 3 2 4
Top concerns while setting up business
All figures are %’s
Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about?
Base: Total (4,570)
62
37
32
32
31
26
25
24
17
13
2
Procuring finances to start
Uncertainty of profit/ income
Need to establish the ‘right’ contacts
Hiring the wrong people
Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort
Making a loss
Lack of good advice and mentorship
Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace
Finding the correct insurance cover
Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards
Other
The top concern of respondents while setting up their own business, would be procuring finances to start (62%), the uncertainty of profit/ income (37%).
Hiring the wrong people is a higher concern in North Africa (40%) as compared to 29% in the Levant and 27% in the GCC.
Top concerns while setting up business – By country
All figures are %’s
Q. Imagine if you were to set up your own business today (in your current country of residence), what are the top 3 things that you would be most concerned about?
Base: Total (4,570)
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan QatarSaudi Arabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Base: 4,570 430 73* 826 211 181 180 295 114 545 187 810 108 334 131
Procuring finances to start
62 69 55 61 70 51 53 74 61 41 58 67 74 56 79
Uncertainty of profit/ income
37 27 45 37 39 42 48 29 36 46 41 35 19 42 26
Need to establish the ‘right’ contacts
31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37
Hiring the wrong people
32 49 21 36 36 21 29 39 30 18 17 33 40 22 40
Need to put in a lot of time, energy and effort
31 21 37 19 31 39 32 22 40 51 45 26 20 43 37
Making a loss 26 25 16 39 26 21 22 32 15 16 13 30 24 19 20
Lack of good advice and mentorship
25 30 18 23 26 22 21 31 31 29 20 25 26 23 23
Business idea not being accepted in the marketplace
24 26 26 27 26 28 29 21 23 19 22 23 21 19 19
Finding the correct insurance cover
17 11 15 15 17 14 15 20 18 24 14 17 18 16 19
Failure to comply with legislation, regulation and/or standards
13 14 19 16 8 14 11 7 11 7 20 16 15 14 11
Perceived image of entrepreneurs
All figures are %’s
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?
Base: Total (4,570)
Respondents perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity-driven (82%) and they help in creating new jobs (80%).
51
53
43
42
38
38
33
31
28
33
32
34
28
26
12
11
16
16
17
19
20
4
5
6
6
7
9
11
2
3
3
3
4
6
9
They are opportunity-driven
They help in creating new jobs
They create new products/services for the society’s benefit
They are a source of innovation insociety
They are effective risk-takers
They mentor young people andpromote the entrepreneurial spirit
They only think about their own profit
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Are they opportunity-driven?
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are opportunity driven
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Respondents in North Africa (87%) perceive entrepreneurs to be opportunity- driven more than those in Levant (82%) and GCC (80%).
51 54 52 5845 45
38
57
39 4252 50
58 5261
3133
2228
36 31 42
27
37 3224 31
2632
31
12 922
9 1313 13
1215 15 20 14 8 11
34 3 4 3 44
6 36 5
3 3 4 3 42 1 0 2 2 6 2 1 4 5 2 1 4 2 1
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Creation of new jobs
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They help in creating new jobs
Respondents in the UAE (87%) and Sudan (89%) agree that entrepreneurs help in creation of new jobs.
53 51 51 52 4656 49
5849 55 60
48 54 57 64
28 33 26 2927
2431 21
29 2425
29 2029
2511 10
14 1013
8 11 12 13 1210
13 14
9 35 5 5 5 10 7 6 5 4 4 2 7 82 63 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 3 2
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Creation of products/ Services
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They create new products/services for the society’s benefit
Slightly over three-quarters of respondents perceive entrepreneurs to create products or services for the society’s benefit.
43 38 37 4334
4433
48 42 48 49 42 40 45 47
33 41 38 3138
30 4827
31 27 3032 33 30
34
16 12 16 16 19 1413 17 18 14
13 17 17 18 116 5 8 8 6 9 4 4 5 7 4 6 8 6 43 4 0 2 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 2 1 3
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Source of innovation
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are a source of innovation in society
Close to three-quarters of respondents (74%) perceive entrepreneurs to be the source of innovation in society.
42 38 38 4430
41 3947
39 42 4941 40
48 50
3232 36 31
3631 38
2832 31
3232 35
31 30
1618
19 1520
1918 18
16 1614
17 1316 15
6 85 7 10 6 3 4 11 6
3 6 8 3 53 5 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 5 2 3 4 3 1
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Effective risk-takers
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They are effective risk-takers
Respondents in Egypt (79%), Tunisia (79%), the UAE (78%) and Qatar (78%) perceive entrepreneurs to be effective risk-takers.
38 3448 45
2744
31 35 39 3848
3344 43 43
3430
23 34
37
3141 35 33 29
30
3835 36 36
1722
22 11
2114 19 21 18
16
1619 10 14 14
7 97 6 10 6 4 5 5
94 6 6
6 74 5 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 3 3 5 1 1
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Mentoring young people
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?... They mentor young people and promote the entrepreneurial spirit
Respondents in the GCC (70%) consider entrepreneurs to mentor young people and promote entrepreneurial spirit more than those in Levant (65%) and North Africa (62%).
38 3442 36
2639 32
41 44 47 4737 32
42 39
2826
2227
29
27 3526 27 26 32
32
19
2724
1923
2519
23
22 18 1820 15
1318
25
2022
9 108
11 127 8 9
6 7 5 816
7 126 7 3 8 9 6 7 6 3 5 3 5 7 4 3
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Perceived image of entrepreneurs – Are they profit-driven?
All figures are %’s
Q. Could you please tell us to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements related to entrepreneurs?...They only think about their own profit
33 3325
37 34 3325
3324
4125 32 31 29 24
26 23
16
27 26 2429
21 34
25
2627 31 29 32
20 1836
17 20 23 25 23 1820
2021 18 19 23
11 13 15 10 12 11 14 12 118
1611 14 11 11
9 12 8 9 8 9 7 11 12 7 13 9 7 11 11
Total Algeria Bahrain Egypt Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar SaudiArabia
Tunisia UAE Sudan
Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree
Base: Total (4,570)
The perception that entrepreneurs are opportunity driven is higher in Pakistan (66%) and Egypt (63%).
Small base for Bahrain (73 respondents)
Key to Success as an Entrepreneur
All figures are %’s
Q. In your opinion, what is the “key to success” as an entrepreneur?
Base: Total (4,570)
27
25
19
18
8
3
Innovation
Employing the right people
Access to funding
Being close to clients or customers
Access to advice and mentorship
Other
Over a quarter of respondents believed that innovation is the ‘key to success’ as an entrepreneur (27%), followed by employing the right people (25%).
DEMOGRAPHICS
Section 4
Respondent Profile (1/3)
Age
• 18 – 29 – 45%
• 30 – 39 – 33%
• 40+ – 22%
Marital status
• Single – 46%
• Married – 51%
• Divorced – 2%
• Separated – 1%
Number of children
• None – 18%
• One – 21%
• Two – 27%
• Three – 18%
• More than three – 17%
Gender
• Male – 79%
• Female – 21%
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
6
7
9
12
18
18
Others
Iraq
Bahrain
Tunisia
Oman
Sudan
Lebanon
Kuwait
Qatar
Jordan
Morocco
UAE
Algeria
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Country of residence
All figures are %’s
Base: Total (4,570)
12
20
2
1
2
3
4
7
10
12
14
14
Don’t know/Can’t say/Don’t want to reveal
No personal income
US$ 7001 or more
US$ 6001-7000 per month
US$ 5001-6000 per month
US$ 4001-5000 per month
US$ 3001-4000 per month
US$ 2001-3000 per month
US$ 1001-2000 per month
US$ 501-1000 per month
US$ 201-500 per month
Up to US$ 200 per month
Monthly income
6
2
2
5
7
9
13
56
Other
Full-time homemaker or housewife
Retired
Full- time student
Working part time (Less than 30 hours per week)
Unemployed (Recent graduates)
Unemployed (Professional with past working experience)
Working full time (30 or more hours per week)
Working status
Respondent Profile (2/3)
All figures are %’s
10
17
40
10
20
2
Professional higher education (e.g. toqualify as an engineer, doctor, lawyer,…
University higher degree (Masters,MBA, PhD)
University first degree (e.g. BA, BSc)
Vocational college education (e.g. toqualify as an electrician, nurse, etc.)
Secondary school
Elementary school
Education
Base: Total (4,570)
5
1
3
16
23
25
27
Other
Charity or voluntary sector
Semi-government/Quasi-governmental company
Public/ government sector
Private Sector - Large Local company
Private sector - Small or Medium Local
Private sector - Multinational company
Sector of employment
Respondent Profile (3/3)
3
12
84
Employed in a familybusiness
Self-employed/ have myown business
Employed in the public/or private sector
Type of employment
All figures are %’s
29
26
17
14
14
Middle Management – Senior manager/ Assistant manager/ Administrative officer etc.
Junior Manager/ Team leader
Executive with no managerial responsibilities
Senior Management – CEO/ CFO/ President/ General manager/ Director etc.
Employed Professional – Doctor / Lawyer/ Architect etc.
Level of seniority at work
Base: Those employed (2,862)
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