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The Baby BoomersA profile of Manitoba’s new generation of seniors

August 2011

Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba

The Centre on Aging, established on July 1, 1982, is a university-wide research centre with a mandate to conduct, encourage, integrate, and disseminate research on all aspects of aging.

For further information, contact:

Centre on Aging 338 Isbister Building University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2

Phone: 204.474.8754 | Fax: 204.474.7576 E-mail: [email protected] | Web Site: www.umanitoba.ca/centres/aging

Photo credits: © Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba. For permission to reproduce the photos, contact [email protected]

© 2011 Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba

The Baby BoomersA profile of Manitoba’s new generation of seniors

Table of contentsSection 1: Demographics ..............................................3Trends by age groups .................................................................... 4Immigration ..................................................................................... 5

Section 2: Lifelong learning ..........................................7Educational attainment .................................................................. 8Job-related training ...................................................................... 10

Section 3: The older worker .........................................13Age composition of the work force ............................................ 14Retirement ..................................................................................... 16Retirement planning ............................................................................... 20

Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving ............23Volunteering .................................................................................. 24Charitable giving .......................................................................... 29

Section 5: Financial well-being ....................................33How baby boomers spend their money ..................................... 37

Section 6: Social connections and leisure activity ....41Living arrangements .................................................................... 42Social networks ............................................................................ 43Leisure activities .......................................................................... 46

Section 7: Support and caring .....................................51Caregiving to seniors ................................................................... 52

Section 8: Health status ................................................57Causes of death ............................................................................ 58Self-rated health ........................................................................... 59Chronic health conditions ........................................................... 61Self-rated mental health ............................................................... 64

Appendix A: Full data sources for charts and tables 65

Centre on Aging, University of Manitobaiv

List of figuresFigure 1: Population in selected age groups, Manitoba,

1956–2036 ....................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Highest level of education by age group, Manitoba, 2006 ................................................................................. 8

Figure 3: Highest level of education, age 45–54 and age 55–64 and over by gender, Manitoba, 2006 ....................................... 9

Figure 4: Percent of employed persons who took job-related training in past year, Manitoba, 2002 .......................................... 10

Figure 5: Proportion of workers with unmet training wants or needs by age group, Manitoba, 2002 .............................................11

Figure 6: Employment rates in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2001 and 2006 .............................................. 14

Figure 7: Employment status in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2005............................................................... 15

Figure 8: Age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................... 16

Figure 9: Age group of planned retirement among Manitobans age 45 to 64 not yet retired, Manitoba, 2007 ......................... 20

Figure 10: Volunteer vs. non-volunteer status among Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ................................... 24

Figure 11: Activities in which Manitoba volunteers most often engage by age group, Manitoba, 2007 ..................................... 27

Figure 12: Proportions of Manitobans who did or did not make a charitable donation in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007............................................................. 29

Figure 13: Income groups, population aged 55 to 64 and over by gender, Manitoba, 2005 ............................................... 35

Figure 14: Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over in select age groups in one-person households by gender, Manitoba, 2007............................................................. 38

Figure 15: Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over in select age groups in multiple person households by gender, Manitoba, 2007................................................ 39

Figure 16: Proportion of individuals reporting relatives living in the same city or region in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007............................................................. 43

Figure 17: Contact with relatives at least weekly in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007 .............................. 44

The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba’s new generation of seniors v

Figure 18: Contact with friends at least weekly in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007 ........................................... 45

Figure 19: Leisure physical activities index, population aged 45 to 64 by gender, and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................ 48

Figure 20: BMI classification, population in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................... 49

Figure 21: Relationship of senior (care receiver) to caregiver among caregivers age 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ..................... 53

Figure 22: Proportion of caregivers age 45 to 64 performing specific tasks by gender, Manitoba, 2007 ................................. 54

Figure 23: Self-rated health by gender in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007............................................................. 60

Figure 24: Diagnosed chronic health conditions in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007 ............................... 63

Centre on Aging, University of Manitobavi

List of tablesTable 1: Immigrant status and period of immigration for individuals

less than 65 years of age, Manitoba, 2006 ........................ 5

Table 2: Place of birth of immigrant population aged 45–64 by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2006 ..................... 6

Table 3: Major source of income among retired individuals aged 45 and over in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007 ................................................................................. 18

Table 4: Reasons for retirement among retired individuals aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 .......................................................... 19

Table 5: Activities done in the past five years in preparation for retirement among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................... 21

Table 6: Financial planning in the past five years among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ................... 21

Table 7: Government sources of information about retirement planning and programs among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ................................................. 22

Table 8: Total and average number of hours spent volunteering by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 ........................... 25

Table 9: Most popular domains among those who volunteer by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 .................................. 26

Table 10: Reasons for volunteering among those who volunteer and reasons for not volunteering among those who did not volunteer by age group, Manitoba, 2007 ....................... 28

Table 11: Dollars given in charitable donations by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 ................................................ 30

Table 12: Total amount of donations (in millions) and average annual donation per giver by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007. ............................................................................. 31

Table 13: Reasons for giving among individuals who made a charitable donation by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................................... 32

Table 14: Income groups, population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2005 .............................................................. 34

Table 15: Income levels by type of household among Manitobans aged 45 and over, Manitoba, 2005 ................................ 36

Table 16: Household living arrangements for population living in privates homes aged 45 to 64 by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2006 .......................................... 42

The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba’s new generation of seniors vii

Table 17: Participation in physical leisure activities, population aged 45 to 64 by gender, and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................. 47

Table 18: Profile of caregivers and non-caregivers aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007 ............................................................. 52

Table 19: Percent of caregivers age 45 to 64 reporting selected consequences of providing care by gender, Manitoba, 2007 .............................................................................. 55

Table 20: Leading causes of death (ICD-10 diagnostic categories) in selected age groups by gender, Canada, 2005 ............ 58

Table 21: Self-rated health, population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007 ........................ 59

Table 22: Diagnosed chronic health conditions by gender and age groups, Manitoba, 2007 ................................................. 62

Table 23: Self-rated mental health status population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007 ..... 64

IntroductionMuch discussion has arisen around the bulge in the current population referred to as the “baby boomers.” Baby boomers are those individuals born between 1946 and 1964; 2011 marks the year that the first of the baby boomers turn 65 years of age. Questions of social concern have naturally arisen, such as how to deal with the financial strain of burgeoning healthcare needs and how best to anticipate changes in the job-market as a large portion of the population consider retirement.

This report has been compiled to help create a picture of the baby-boomers today and by doing so, better understand what they, as a group, may be like in years to come. The report focuses on Manitobans between the ages of 45 and 64. In some sections, comparisons are made between those 45 to 54 years of age and those 55 to 64 years of age and in a few cases those aged 65 and over. The 2010 Profile of Manitoba’s Seniors provides detailed information on individuals in Manitoba aged 65 and over.

Baby boomer generation 1946–1964

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20001930 2010 2020

2011

Baby boomers turn 65 and begin to retire

Spotlight

In 2006, there were 171,570 Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and S125,480 individuals aged 55 to 64 representing 14.9% and 10% of the population respectively.

As the baby boomers age, the number of individuals aged 65 Sand over will increase from 161,885 in 2006 to 332,700 in 2036.

In 2006, one in five Manitobans aged 55 to 64 (19.6%) were Simmigrants to the province.

About one-third of Manitoban immigrants aged 45 to 64 came Sfrom Asia (32.3%); 18.1% were born in the Philippines.

The proportion of immigrants from Central and South America Sis highest among those immigrants aged 45 to 54 (12.7%).

1Section 1: Demographics

Section 1: Demographics

Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba4

Trends by age groupsThere has been a steady growth in the number of individuals aged 45–54 and 55–64 from 1996 to 2011 (Figure 1). The number of individuals aged 45 to 54 grew from 132,725 in 1996 to 183,200 in 2011. Similarly, the number of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 increased from 90,780 in 1996 to 151,200 in 2011.

As these individuals from the baby boom generation age, the number of 65 to 74 year olds and 75 to 84 years olds will steadily increase. Specifically in 2006, there were 78,930 Manitobans aged 65 to 74 representing 6.9% of the population. The number of 65 to 74 year olds by 2031 is projected to increase to 161,300 accounting for 10.8% of the population.

The aging of the baby boom generation is even more evident in the continual growth of the proportion of Manitobans aged 75 to 84. Between 2006 and 2021, the proportion in this age group remains fairly consistent at about 5% of the total population. However, by 2036, the number of Manitobans aged 75 to 84 is projected to reach 124,800, slightly more than double the number in this age group in 2006 of 59,045.

Population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 1956–Figure 1: 2036

Sources: Statistics Canada, Censuses of Canada; Population Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2010.

By 2036, the number of Manitobans aged 75 to 84 is projected to reach 124,800 100

150

200

250

Population in thousands

0

50

1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036

45‐54 55‐64 65‐74 75‐84 85+

The Baby Boomers A profile of Manitoba’s new generation of seniors 5

Immigration

ImmigrationThe majority of immigrants who are now aged 65 and over came to Manitoba before 1991; few immigrant seniors have arrived in Manitoba since 1991. However, current immigration patterns may have some impact on baby boomers as they age. In 2006, one in five Manitobans age 55 to 64 (19.6%) were immigrants to the province (Table 1). As with those immigrants aged 65 and over, the majority of immigrants in this age group came to Canada before 1991.

Immigrant status and period of immigration for individuals less than 65 years of Table 1: age, Manitoba, 2006

Period of Immigration Age less than 45 Age 45 to 54 Age 55 to 64 Age 65 and

overBefore 1991 3.2 11.2 17.7 19.21991 to 1995 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.61996 to 2000 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.42001 to 2006 3.9 1.7 0.7 0.4Non immigrant 89.0 84.2 80.3 79.3Non permanent resident 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.1Total immigrants 10.1 15.5 19.6 20.5

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada.

Of more importance is where these immigrants have come from. About one-third of Manitoba immigrants age 45 to 64 came from Asia (32.3%); 18.1% of these individuals were born in the Philippines (Table 2). One in five immigrant women aged 45–64 was born in the Philippines. This is in sharp contrast to immigrants aged 65 and over where only 15.4% came from Asia. The majority of immigrants aged 65 and over came from Eastern Europe, Northern and Western Europe, or the United Kingdom.

The proportion of immigrants from Central and South America is highest among those immigrants aged 45 to 54 (12.7%) compared to immigrants age 55 to 64 (8.3%) and 65 and over (3.4%).

Of the Asian immigrants to Manitoba, age 45 to 64, 18.1% of these individuals were born in the Philippines.

Section 1: Demographics


Place of birth of immigrant population aged 45–64 by gender, and in selected Table 2: age groups, Manitoba, 2006

Percent (%) of immigrant population Percent (%) aged 45 to 64 Percent (%) of age group

Place of birth Total Men Women 45–54 55–64 65+Eastern Europe 9.8 9.8 9.8 10.6 8.8 26.2Northern and Western Europe 11.5 12.6 10.4 7.7 15.6 18.4

United Kingdom 12.1 12.7 11.5 9.2 15.3 16.0Philippines 18.1 16.0 20.2 19.1 17.0 7.2Asia1 14.2 14.7 13.6 17.1 11.1 8.2Southern Europe 10.3 10.5 10.1 9.1 11.5 12.1United States 5.1 4.2 6.0 5.1 5.1 3.9Central and South America 10.6 10.7 10.5 12.7 8.3 3.4

Africa, Caribbean, Bermuda, West Central Asia, Middle East, Oceania, and Other2"

8.3 8.7 7.9 9.3 7.3 4.6

1 Asia includes Eastern Asia (e.g., China), Southeast Asia (excluding Philippines), and Southern Asia (e.g., India). West Central Asia is not included here as Statistics Canada provides data for West Central Asia and Middle East as one category.2 Other includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelone, the category ‘other country’ as well as immigrants born in Canada.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada

Spotlight

Over 50% of individuals aged 45 to 64 have completed some Spost-secondary education.

For workers aged 55 to 64, 42.7% of those with a university Sdegree participated in job-related training compared to 11.9% of those with less than a high school education.

For workers aged 55 to 64, 27.4% who took job-related training Sindicated there was still education/training they wanted/ needed to take.

2Section 2: Lifelong learning

Section 2: Lifelong learning


Educational attainmentThe baby boomers achieved greater levels of education than previous generations (Figure 2). Over 50% of individuals in both the 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 age groups have completed some post-secondary education as opposed to 33% of individuals 65 and over who went beyond high school.

Highest level of education by age group, Manitoba, 2006Figure 2:


90

100

70

80

90

University certificate, diploma or degree

50

60

70 University certificate, diploma or degree

College, GEGEP or other non‐university certificate or diploma

Apprenticeship or tradescertificate or diploma

30

40

50 Apprenticeship or tradescertificate or diploma

High school certificate or equivalent

N tifi t di l d

10

20

30q

No certificate, diploma or degree

0

10

Age 45‐54 Age 55‐64 Age 65 and over

Over 50% of individuals aged 45 to 64 have completed some post-secondary education


Educational attainment

There are very few differences in levels of education between men and women aged 45 to 54 and aged 55 to 64 (Figure 3). Men aged 55 to 64 (24%) and women aged 45 to 54 (23.6%) were the most likely to have obtained a university certificate, diploma or degree. This is in contrast to those aged 65 and over, where men were more likely to have obtained a university than women.

Highest level of education, age 45–54 and age 55–64 Figure 3: and over by gender, Manitoba, 2006


70

80

90

100

40

50

60

70

80

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

10

Age 45‐54 Age 55‐64 Age 45‐54 Age 55‐64

Men WomenMen Women

No certificate, diploma or degree

High school certificate or equivalentHigh school certificate or equivalent

Apprenticeship or tradescertificate or diplomaCollege, GEGEP or other non‐university certificate or diplomacertificate or diplomaCollege, GEGEP or other non‐university certificate or diploma

University certificate, diploma or degree

Section 2: Lifelong learning


Job-related trainingWith baby boomers aging, it is important to examine formal and informal job-related training taken by those aged 45 to 64. Just over one-quarter (26.9%) of Manitoban workers aged 55 to 64 participated in formal, job-related training in 2002 compared to 36.6% of workers aged 45 to 54 (Figure 4). A larger proportion of women aged 45 to 54 participated in training than men (41.7% versus 31.9%).

Men and women aged 55 to 64 were similar in their likelihood of taking job-related training (27.2% versus 26.6%). Among workers both 45 to 54 and 55 to 64, the likelihood of taking job-related training is associated with higher levels of education. Among workers, aged 45 to 54, over half (58.3%) of those with a university degree took training in the past year compared with 18.4% of those with less than high school. This trend is also true for workers aged 55 to 64; 42.7% of workers in this age group with a university degree participated in training compared to 11.9% with less than high school.

Percent of employed persons who took job-related Figure 4: training in past year, Manitoba, 2002

Source: Statistics Canada, Adult Education and Training Survey, 2003.

Workers between the ages of 45 to 64, with a university degree, were more likely to participate in job-related training compared to those with less than a high school education

37 531.0

18.4

26.641.7

27.231.9

26.936.637.4

48.7

Diploma or certificateHigh school

Less than high schoolAge 45 to 54

Women 55 to 64Women 45 to 54

Men 55 to 64Men 45 to 54

Age 55 to 64Age 45 to 54Age 35 to 44Age 25 to 34

42.728.7

24.711.9

58.337.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

University degreeDiploma or certificate

High schoolLess than high school

Age 55 to 64

University degreeDiploma or certificate

Percentage of employed persons


Job-related training

Overall, 29% of working Manitobans reported there was job-related training they wanted/needed to take but did not take (Figure 5). Workers aged 45 to 54 reported considerably more unmet training wants and needs than those workers aged 55 to 64 (24.3% versus 14.3%).

Of those reporting unmet training wants or needs, those who had participated in job-related training in the past year were more likely to indicate that there was education/training that they wanted or needed to take but had not taken than workers who had not participated in any job-related training in the past year (35.2% versus 25.2%). This was particularly true among workers aged 55 to 64; 27.4% of workers in this age group who had taken job-related training in the past year indicated that there was still education/training that they wanted/needed to take compared to 9.5% of workers in this age group who had not taken any training in the past year.

Proportion of workers with unmet training wants or Figure 5: needs by age group, Manitoba, 2002

Source: Statistics Canada, Adult Education and Training Survey, 2003.

27% of workers aged 55 to 64 who had taken job-related training indicated there was still education/training they wanted or needed to take 15

20

25

30

35

40

45

All ages25‐3435‐4445‐5455‐64

Percent (%)

0

5

10

15

Total TrainingParticipant

Non-trainingParticipant

55 64

Spotlight

Of the 577,695 Manitobans employed in 2006, 38% were Sbetween the ages of 45 and 64.

Among working Manitobans aged 55 to 64, 31.7% of women Sworked part-time jobs compared to 12.5% of men.

About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were Sretirees compared to 87.5% of Manitobans aged 65 and over.

Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after Sretirement than women (18.7% vs. 8.8%).

The major source of income for retired individuals aged 45 to S64 was retirement pensions (40.1%) followed by employment/self-employment income (30.6%).

The most common reasons for retirement among Manitoba Sretirees aged 45 to 64 were the desire to stop working (69.6%), adequate retirement income (53.1%), and wishing to pursue hobbies or other activities (50.2%).

3Section 3: The older worker

Section 3: The older worker


Age composition of the work forceThe information presented here focuses only on those individuals in the work force who are currently working. There were 577,695 employed Manitobans in 2006. Of these, 219,675 (38%) were between the ages of 45 and 64.

Figure 6 illustrates the employment rates (proportion of age group that is currently working) by age group and by gender among Manitobans aged 45 and over. An increasing proportion of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 are working. This is especially evident amongst women aged 55 to 64, where the percentage of women employed increased from 48.5% in 2001 to 55.5% in 2006. The employment rates among both employed men and women aged 45 to 54 remained fairly consistent between 2001 and 2006.

Employment rates in selected age groups by gender, Figure 6: Manitoba, 2001 and 2006

Sources: Statistics Canada, 2001 and 2006 Census of Canada.

87.6 87.490

100

Percent (%)

87.6 87.4

78.6 80.1

64.267.970

80

90

64.267.9

48.5

55.5

40

50

60

70

16.4 18.120

30

40

16.4 18.1

5.3 7.4

0

10

20

0

2001 2006 2001 2006

45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and overMen Women

An increased proportion of women (55%) aged 55 to 64 were working in 2006 compared to 48.5% in 2001.


Age composition of the work force

In 2005, the majority of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 (87.4%) and 55 to 64 (78.6%) were still working full-time jobs (Figure 7). Manitobans aged 65 and over were more evenly split between full and part-time jobs (55.2% vs. 44.8% respectively). Women in all age groups were more likely to be working part-time jobs compared to men. This gap is particularly true in the 55 to 64 age group, where 31.7% of women are working in part-time jobs compared to 12.5% of men.

Employment status in selected age groups by gender, Figure 7: Manitoba, 2005


87 4

95.5

87 5

100

Percent (%)

87.4

78.6

95.5

87.5

78.9

68.370

80

90

100

55.260.6

68.3

45.444.8

54.6

50

60

70

80

45.4

21 4

44.839.4

21 1

31.730

40

50

12.6

21.4

4.5

12.5

21.1

10

20

30

4.5

0

10

45‐54 55‐64 65+ 45‐54 55‐64 65+ 45‐54 55‐64 65+

Total Men WomenTotal Men Women

Mostly full‐time Mostly part‐time

31.7% of women aged 55 to 64 are working part time jobs compared to 12.5% of men



RetirementAccording to the 2007 General Social Survey conducted by Statistics Canada with individuals aged 45 and over, 43.6% of Manitobans aged 45 or over had retired from a job or business at least once (referred to as retirees). About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were retirees compared to 87.5% of Manitobans aged 65 and over.

Figure 8 shows the age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over. The majority of Manitoba retirees aged 45 and over first retired between the ages of 55 and 59 (29.8%). This was true for both men and women. A larger proportion of male retirees said they first retired at age 65 or older compared to female retirees (24.3% vs. 12.6%).

Age of first retirement among retirees aged 45 and over, Figure 8: Manitoba, 2007

Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey.

Nearly 30% of retired Manitobans first retired between the ages of 55 and 59

31.935

Percent (%)

29.8

23.9

27.9

23.5 24.3

31.9

24.625

30

35

23.9

18.7

23.5 24.3

16.6

24.6

20

25

13.8 13.7

18.7

11.013.2

16.614.4

12.6

10

15

20

11.0

5

10

0

5

<50 50‐54 55‐59 60‐64 65 and over<50 50‐54 55‐59 60‐64 65 and over

Total Men Women


Retirement

Given the large proportion of retirees who retired before age 60, it is important to examine whether these individuals returned to the workforce after their first retirement. Overall, among Manitobans aged 45 and over who had retired at least once, 13.4% indicated that their main activity in the past 12 months prior to the survey was working at a paid job or business. In other words, these individuals re-entered the workforce. Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (18.7% vs. 8.8%).

Furthermore, looking at only those 45 to 64 years of age who had retired at least once, 29.7% indicated that their main activity in the 12 months prior to the survey was working at a paid job or business. Men were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (39.0% vs. 21.2%). Among those aged 45 to 64 who returned to work, 34.2% were between the ages of 55 to 59 at the time of first retirement. Another 34.1% of individuals who had ‘ever retired’ and returned to the workforce had first retired before the age of 50.

Before turning to reasons for retirement, major source of income of retirees aged 45 and over is examined. Differences between retirees aged 45 to 64 and 65 and over as well as gender differences are highlighted (Table 3).

Over one-third (37.3%) of Manitobans aged 45 and over who retired at least once indicated that retirement pensions were their major source of income, this was followed by benefits from Canadian Pension Plan (CPP)/Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) (18.9%). Among individuals aged 45 to 64, 40.1% indicated retirement pensions were the major source of income followed by employment/self-employment income (30.6%). This is not surprising given that 29.7% of those 45 to 64 who had retired had returned to the work force.

Among retirees aged 65 and over, 35.7% said retirement pensions was their major source of income followed by CPP/QPP benefits (24.7%) and Old Age Security (OAS) (20.1%). There is little difference between men and women retirees aged 45 to 64 in terms of major source of income. However, 26.4% of female retirees aged 65 and over said OAS was their major source of income compared to 12.9% of male retirees aged 65 and over.

Men aged 45 and over, who retired at least once, were more likely to re-enter the workforce after retirement than women (18.7% vs 8.8%)



Major source of income among retired individuals aged 45 and over in selected Table 3: age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of retired individuals

Percent (%) of retired men

Percent (%) of retired women

Major source of incomeAge 45+ 45–64 65+ 45–64 65+ 45–64 65+

Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities

37.3 40.1 35.7 41.5 39.9 38.8 32.1

Employment/self-employment income 13.7 30.6 4.3 38.3 7.8 23.5 1.2

RRIFs/investment income (e.g., stocks, bonds)

11.7 11.6 11.8 8.5 11.8 14.5 11.8

Benefits from Canada/Quebec Pension Plan (CPP/QPP)

18.9 8.4 24.7 7.3 26.0 9.3 23.6

Guaranteed Income Supplement/Survivor’s Allowance/Provincial or municipal social assistance

1.2 1.8 0.9 2.2 0.5 1.4 1.3

Old Age Security (OAS) 12.9 NA 20.1 NA 12.9 NA 26.4Other 4.2 7.5 2.4 2.0 1.1 12.4 3.6



Retirement

Next we turn to reasons for retirement among Manitoba retirees aged 45 to 64. The most common reasons were the desire to stop working (69.6%), adequate retirement income (53.1%), and wishing to pursue hobbies or other activities (50.2%). Women were more likely than men to mention care of a family member and/or friend, while men were more likely to mention an early retirement plan.

Reasons for retirement among retired individuals aged Table 4: 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of retired individuals aged 45–64

Reasons for retirement* Total Men WomenWanted to stop working 69.6 64.8 74.0Adequate retirement income 53.1 50.7 55.3Wishing to pursue hobbies/other activities

50.2 50.3 50.0

Began working at an early age

37.1 37.3 37.0

Early retirement plan 46.3 55.7 37.6Own health 27.2 25.8 28.6Work was too stressful/physically demanding

31.6 31.6 31.7

Job was downsized 10.9 11.8 10.1Care for family member/friend

8.9 3.9 13.6

*Respondents could give more than one response


Baby boomers are often referred to as the ‘sandwich generation’ having both children and aging parents to care for. Among the 9% of Manitobans who said care of a family member and/or friend was a reason for retirement, one-quarter (25.4%) said it was the main reason for retiring. In addition, over one third (37.5%) of these retirees had retired before age 50.

The most common reasons for retirement were wanting to stop working, having adequate retirement income, and wishing to pursue other activities/hobbies

One quarter of Manitoba retirees aged 45 to 64 who retired to provide care to a family member or friend said this was the main reason for retiring



Retirement planning

In 2007, over three-quarters (78%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 had never retired; 13% of these individuals indicated they did not plan to retire. There was little difference in the proportion of men and women who were not retired (78.8% vs. 77.2%) These individuals were asked a series of questions about retirement planning such as what age they planned to retire, activities in preparation of retirement, and financial planning for retirement.

Among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 who were not yet retired, the mean age they planned to retire was 61 years of age. Very few of these individuals planned to retired between the ages of 50 and 54 (3.4%) or age 70 or over (3.4%) (Figure 9).

Age group of planned retirement among Manitobans Figure 9: age 45 to 64 not yet retired, Manitoba, 2007


30.7 30.9 31.5

15

20

25

30

35

Percent of not retired (%)

3.4 3.4

0

5

10

50‐54 55‐59 60‐64 65‐69 70 and over

Age planning to retire


Retirement

When asked what activities they had done over the past five years in preparation for retirement, the vast majority (90%) of not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64 indicated that they had gathered retirement information (Table 5). Over a third (35.5%) had developed new leisure activities. About one-quarter had increased their physical activity or changed the number of hours they were working (23.9% and 24.8% respectively).

Activities done in the past five years in preparation for Table 5: retirement among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007

Did in the past five years in preparation for retirement:

Percent (%) of never retired aged 45–64

Gathered retirement information 90.0Developed new leisure activities 35.5Worked more or fewer hours 24.8Increased physical activities 23.9Got involved in volunteer activities 9.2


In terms of financial planning in the past five years, most Manitobans aged 45 to 64 (63.3%) had contributed to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) and over one-half (58.3%) had paid off or avoided other debts (Table 6). Slightly over one-half of individuals in this group (53%) had private pension plans other than CPP. In addition, two-fifths of not retired Manitobans (40.6%) had paid off their mortgages or avoided getting new mortgages.

Financial planning in the past five years among not Table 6: retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007

Financial planning in the past five yearsPercent (%) of never retired aged 45–64

Contributed to RRSP 63.3Paid off or avoided other debts 58.3Have private pension plan other than CPP 53.0Paid off mortgages or avoided getting new mortgages 40.6

Built up savings, excluding RRSP 37.8Made other investments 35.7Bought or sold real estate 20.1

To prepare for retirement, 63% of Manitobans contributed to an RRSP and 58% paid off or avoided other debts



According to the 2007 General Social Survey, 80.4% of individuals aged 45 to 64 who were not retired preferred to receive retirement planning/program information from government via regular mail (Table 7). The second most frequently mentioned source of information was the Internet (55.6%) followed closely by a government service centre in the community (52.8%).

Government sources of information about retirement Table 7: planning and programs among not retired Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007

Government sources of information about retirement planning/programs

Percent (%) of never retired aged 45–64

In the mail 80.4On the Internet 55.6Government service centre in community 52.8Through the newspaper 41.9From television 37.4From the radio 30.7By telephone 28.7


Spotlight

Slightly over one-half (55%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 Sparticipated in unpaid volunteer activities.

Men and women aged 45 to 54 volunteered 84 and 77 hours Sper year (respectively), while men and women aged 55 to 64 volunteered 67 and 100 hours per year (respectively).

Of men aged 45 to 64, 44% were likely to be involved in cultural Sor recreational programs; women aged 45 to 64 were more likely than men to give their time to religious organizations, especially those aged 45 to 54 (38% vs. 29%).

Reasons individuals aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer, were Sbecause they were unable to make a long-term commitment and did not have time.

In 2006, 93% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 made a charitable Sdonation totaling roughly $172.3 million.

4Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving

Section 4: Volunteering and charitable giving


This section focuses only on those 45 to 64 years of age with comparisons between those 45 to 54 and those 55 to 64 as well as by gender. Information related to volunteering and charitable giving among Manitobans aged 65 and over can be found in Section 4 of the 2010 Profile of Manitoba’s Seniors.

VolunteeringAccording to the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), slightly over one-half (55%) of Manitobans aged 45–64 participated in unpaid volunteer activities (Figure 10). This includes activities such as taking part in a group or organization in the 12 months period prior to the survey. Men were slightly more likely to volunteer than women in the 45 to 54 age groups, whereas women aged 55 to 64 were more likely to volunteer than men in this age group.

Volunteer vs. non-volunteer status among Manitobans Figure 10: aged 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007

Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File.

70

Percent (%)

57 5954 52

48

57

43 4146 48

52

4350

60

70

4843 41

46 4843

20

30

40

50

10

20

30

0

Total Men Women Total Men Women

45‐54 55‐6445‐54 55‐64

Volunteer Non‐volunteer

55% of Manitobans aged 45–64 participated in unpaid volunteer activities


Volunteering

There was virtually no differences in the average number of hours per year spent volunteering between men and women aged 45 to 54 years of age (143 vs 142 hours respectively) (Table 8). Similarly, there was little difference between men aged 45 to 54 and men aged 55 to 64. On the other hand, women aged 55 to 64 spent an average of 178 hours per year in volunteer activities compared to 142 hours per year spent by women age 45 to 54. Per capita, men and women aged 45 to 54 volunteered 84 and 77 hours per year (respectively) while men and women aged 55 to 64 volunteered 67 and 100 hours per year (respectively).

Total and average number of hours spent volunteering Table 8: by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007

45–54 55–64 Men Women Men Women

Total volunteer hours (in millions) for the 12 month period prior to survey

7.5 6.7 4.3 6.6

Average hours per volunteer for the 12 month period prior to survey

143 142 140 178




Individuals were asked to provide information on the organizations for which they volunteer. Among those aged 45 to 64, a majority of volunteers gave their time to cultural and recreational organizations, such as museums, zoos, and recreation clubs and fitness centres, as well as religious organizations, such as churches, synagogues, and temples (Table 9). Of these, men were over twice as likely (44%) to be involved in cultural or recreational programs than women (20%). Women were more likely than men to give their time to religious organizations, especially those aged 45 to 54 (38% vs. 29%).

Most popular domains among those who volunteer by Table 9: age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) aged 45–54

Percent (%) aged 55–64

Domains of volunteering Men Women Men WomenCulture and recreation 44 20 44 20

Religion 29 38 29 32Health/environment 20 25 32 37Social services 14 14 23 31Development and housing 20 12 14 9

Education and research 19 26 11 13

Other* 11 19 12 16


When volunteering, men were more likely to be involved in cultural or recreational programs, while women were more likely to give their time to religious organizations


Volunteering

Survey participants were also asked what kind of activities they did for these organizations. The two most frequently reported volunteer activities among volunteers aged 45 to 64 were canvassing/ fundraising (62%) and organizing/supervising/coordinating activities (48%). Canvassing/fundraising was also the most frequently reported volunteer activity when examining those aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 separately (Figure 11). Among those 55 to 64, support/counsel/care in a hospital (47%) and unpaid member of a board/committee (44%) were reported more frequently than organizing/supervising/ coordinating activities (41%).

Activities in which Manitoba volunteers most often Figure 11: engage by age group, Manitoba, 2007


Volunteers in both age groups were most likely to volunteer ‘to make a contribution to the community’. This was followed by the opportunity ‘to use your skills and experiences’ (Table 10). Those aged 55 to 64 were almost 10% more likely to volunteer to network with or meet people than those aged 45 to 54.

26

26

28

34

38

40

52

67

24

33

30

26

44

47

41

56

Office work/Administrative

First Aid, Fire‐fighting/Other

Collect/Serve/Deliver Food or Goods

Teach/Educate/Mentor

Unpaid member of Board/Committee

Support/Counsel/Care in a Hospital

Organize/Supervise/Coordinate Activities

Canvassing/Fundraising

23

21

24

27

26

8

21

20

21

0 20 40 60 80

Coach/Referee/Officiate

Environmental Protection

Maintain/Repair/Build Facilities

Volunteer Driving

55‐64 45‐54



The two most common reasons why non-volunteers aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer were ‘unable to make a long-term commitment’ and ‘did not have time’. Those in the 55 to 64 age group were more likely to cite ‘preferred to give money instead of time’ and ‘had no interest’ than those aged 45 to 54 (62.8% vs. 48.1% and 36.1% vs. 21.9% respectively).

Reasons for volunteering among those who volunteer Table 10: and reasons for not volunteering among those who did not volunteer by age group, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of age groupReason for volunteering 45–54 55–64To make a contribution to the community 90.2 94.7

To use your skills and experiences 75.7 81.3You or someone you know personally affected by the cause supported by organization/group

62.7 63.2

To network with or meet people 44.2 54.8Your friends volunteer 40.7 39.8To explore own strengths 48.4 49.1To fulfill religious obligations or other beliefs 23.6 35.3

Percent (%) of age groupReasons for not volunteering 45–54 55–64Unable to make a long term commitment 61.1 71.9

Did not have the time 60.3 61.9Preferred to give money instead of time 48.1 62.8

Had health problems or were physically unable 37.4 47.8

No one asked you 40.0 44.4Had no interest 21.9 36.1Financial cost of volunteering 23.4 28.5Did not know how to get involved 17.2 20.7

*These percentages do not add up to 100% as multiple responses were given.


Reasons Manitobans aged 45 to 64 did not volunteer were because they were unable to make a long-term commitment and did not have time

Manitobans 55 to 64 who did not volunteer were more likely to cite that they preferred to give money or had no interest than those aged 45 to 54


Charitable giving

Charitable givingAccording to the 2007 CSGVP, 93% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 (283,558) made a charitable donation in the 12-month period prior to the survey, totaling roughly $172.3 million. Manitobans aged 55 to 64 were more likely to have made a charitable donation compared to those aged 45 to 54 (Figure 12). This was particularly true among men; 95% of men aged 55 to 64 made a charitable donation compared to 86% of men aged 45 to 54).

Proportions of Manitobans who did or did not make Figure 12: a charitable donation in selected age groups and by gender, Manitoba, 2007


93% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 made charitable donations in 2006, totalling $172 million

Percent (%)

9094 96 95 97100

9086

94 96 95 97

70

80

90

100

50

60

70

80

30

40

50

1014

6 4 5 310

20

30

106 4 5 3

0

10


45 54 55 64


45‐54 55‐64

Giver Non‐giver



Overall, women aged 45 to 64 gave more on average than men aged 45 to 64 ($590 versus $520). However there was little difference between men and women aged 45 to 64 in terms of average donation ($472 vs. $490) (Table 11). On the other hand, women aged 55 to 64 gave on average $947 per year in donations compared to $580 for men in the same category. In 2007, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 gave more money per capita ($562) than Manitobans aged 34 to 44 ($428) or aged 25 to 34 ($389), and only slightly less than those aged 65 and over ($578).

Dollars given in charitable donations by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007 Table 11:

45–54 55–64 Men Women Men Women

Total donations (in millions) over the 12 months prior to the survey $36.1 $40.2 $35.6 $60.4

Average donation per giver over the 12 months prior to the survey $472 $490 $580 $947

Average donation per capita over the 12 months prior to the survey $407 $460 $551 $916



Charitable giving

Survey participants were also asked to what type of organization they gave a charitable donation. In Manitoba, both men and women aged 45 to 64 gave the vast majority of their donations to religious organizations (Table 12). Men in every category and each age group gave less than the women in the same category and age group.

Total amount of donations (in millions) and average Table 12: annual donation per giver by age group and gender, Manitoba, 2007.

45–54 55–64Domains of charity Men Women Men WomenReligionTotal $ (in millions) per year $19.8 $20.2 $14.8 $27.2Average $ per giver per year $538 $604 $501 $868Education and research/ environmental protection/healthTotal $ (in millions) per year $7.2 $9.1 $10.2 $13.9Average $ per giver per year $114 $127 $202 $249Social services/development and housingTotal $ (in millions) per year $3.9 $4.7 $3.1 $4.9Average $ per giver per year $105 $110 $91 $158Culture & recreation Total $ (in millions) per year $0.7 $0.9 $0.4 $1.0Average $ per giver per year $74 $65 $55 $69OtherTotal $ (in millions) per year $4.1 $5.0 $6.1 $6.4Average $ per giver per year $141 $186 $253 $242

* ‘Other’ includes Law, Advocacy & Politics; Philanthropic Intermediaries and Voluntarism Promotion; International; Business and Professional Associations and Unions; and Not Elsewhere Classified




‘Belief in cause’ and ‘compassion’ were the two most common reasons for making a charitable donation among both men and women in both age groups (Table 13). Men aged 45 to 54 (36.8%) were the most likely to indicate they made a donation because of a credit on income taxes. Women in both age groups were more likely than men to mention the reason for given was ‘affected by cause’.

Reasons for giving among individuals who made a charitable donation by age Table 13: group and gender, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of population aged 45–54

Percent (%) of population aged 55–64

Reasons for giving Total Men Women Total Men WomenAffected by cause 72.7 68.2 76.9 72.8 69.6 75.9Credit on income taxes 32.6 36.8 28.7 26.3 23.0 29.4Religious obligations 33.3 38.1 28.8 31.6 25.0 38.1Belief in cause 92.3 94.5 90.2 84.6 76.9 92.0Compassion 90.9 89.6 92.0 82.3 70.9 93.3Contribute to community 82.7 82.4 83.0 72.7 69.5 75.7

Source: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public

Spotlight

In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to S54 was $41,512 and those aged 55 to 64 was $37,111.

Women aged 55 to 64 had lower annual average incomes than Smen aged 45 to 64 ($27,165 vs. $47,072).

Among Manitobans living in an economic family, 45.1% of Sthose, where at least one person is aged 45 to 64, reported an annual income of $80,000 or more compared to 17.4% of those where at least one person is aged 65 and over.

In 2007, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living in one-person Shouseholds had an average annual expenditure of $42,027, while the same age group living in multiple person households had an average annual expenditure of $83,550.

Both Manitobans aged 45 to 64 and aged 65 and over spend Sthe largest proportion on shelter costs, followed by food, and transportation.

5Section 5: Financial well-being

Section 5: Financial well-being


Income groups, population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2005Table 14:

Percent (%) of age groupTotal income 45–54 55–64 65+Without income 2.0 2.2 0.9< $5,000 7.3 9.2 1.0$5,000 – $9,999 6.4 9.5 5.8$10,000 – $19,999 12.9 16.4 40.7$20,000 – $29,999 14.9 15.9 21.5$30,000 – $39,999 15.4 14.9 13.4$40,000 – $49,999 12.0 10.5 7.0$50,000 – $59,999 8.7 6.6 3.9$60,000 – $69,999 7.1 4.7 2.4$70,000 – $79,999 4.7 3.0 1.0$80,000 And over 8.6 7.1 2.2Average income * $41,512 $37,111 $28,365Median income * $34,601 $28,620 $20,605

* Average income is the weighted mean total income of individuals in the age group; median income divides the income distribution in half.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada.

Total income at the individual level is first examined. In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 was $41, 512, while that of those aged 55 to 64 was $37,111 (Table 14). The average annual income of Manitobans aged 65 and over was $28,365. Individual incomes of less than $20,000 were reported by 28.6% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and 37.3% of those aged 55 to 64 compared to 48.4% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. The majority of Manitoba seniors reported annual incomes between $10,000 and $19,999 (40.7%); this is likely due to the benefits from Old Age Security (OAS) and the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) for this age group.


Charitable giving

In 2005, women aged 55 to 64 had lower annual average incomes than men aged 45 to 64 ($27,165 vs. $47,072). Furthermore, women in this age group were almost two times more likely than men to have annual incomes of less than $10,000 (24.4% vs. 13.9% respectively) (Figure 13). On the other hand, 31.1% of men aged 55 to 64 had annual incomes of $50,000 or more compared to 12.6% of women aged 55 to 64.

Income groups, population aged 55 to 64 and over by Figure 13: gender, Manitoba, 2005


13.9

19.4

29.431.1

24.4

11.4

29.1

22.6

12.6

10

15

20

25

30

35

Percent (%)

6.2

0

5

< $10,000 $10,000 to $14,999

$15,000 to $29,999

$30,000 to $49,999

$50,000+

Men 55‐64 Women 55‐64

Women aged 55 to 64 were more likely to have annual incomes of less than $10,000 than men (24.4% vs 13.9% respectively)



It is important to further examine income levels by type of household. In 2005, the average annual income of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living alone was $34,574 compared to $27,563 among Manitobans aged 65 and over living alone (Table 15). Almost 20% of Manitobans aged 45–64 living alone had annual incomes of less than $10,000 compared to 1.6% of Manitobans aged 65 and over. Once again, this reflects the fact that individuals aged 65 and over are eligible to receive Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement benefits. Over two-fifths (45.1%) of Manitobans living in an economic family where at least one person is aged 45 to 64 reported an annual income of $80,000 or more compared to 17.4% of Manitobans in an economic family where at least one person is aged 65 and over.

Income levels by type of household among Manitobans aged 45 and over, Table 15: Manitoba, 2005

Type of household (%)Income group Persons living alone Persons living in an economic

family1

45–64 65+ 45–64 65+< $10,000 19.7 1.6 2.4 0.5$10,000 – $14,999 9.5 15.1 1.5 0.8$15,000 – $19,999 7.0 31.0 2.1 1.4$20,000 – $29,999 14.9 23.8 5.2 16.6$30,000 – $39,999 15.8 13.6 7.4 18.5$40,000 – $49,999 11.7 6.5 8.6 15.1$50,000 – $59,999 7.2 3.5 9.3 12.6$60,000 – $69,999 5.2 2.1 9.3 9.6$70,000 – $79,999 3.4 0.9 9.0 7.4$80,000 And over 5.7 1.9 45.1 17.4Average income * $34,574 $27,563 $86,522 $59,895Median income * $29,361 $20,554 $74,287 $47,910

1Economic family refers to a group of two or more persons living in the same dwelling (household) that are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.



How baby boomers spend their money

How baby boomers spend their moneyAttention now turns to how do baby boomers (Manitobans aged 45 to 64) spend their money. According to the 2007 Survey of Household Spending, 26% of baby boomer households (46,776) were one-person households, while 74% (130,257) were multiple person households. Given the variation in income levels by type of household, it is also important to examine spending patterns by type of household.

In 2007, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living in one-person households had an average annual expenditure of $42,027. They spent an average of $9,416 on personal taxes (22% of their total expenditure) followed by $3,084 on personal insurance and pension funds (7% of total expenditure). These individuals also spent an average of $2,163 on gifts of money and contributions to persons outside the household (5% of total expenditure).

Comparatively, Manitobans aged 45 to 64 living in multiple-person households had an average annual expenditure of $83,550. Personal taxes accounted for 21% of total expenditure (average of $17,860). They spent an average of $6,170 on personal insurance and pension funds (7% of total expenditure) and $2,150 on gifts of money and contributions to persons outside the household (3% of total expenditure).

Next, we look at how baby boomers in Manitoba spend their money across different categories of spending by examining current consumption. Current consumption refers to total expenses excluding personal taxes, personal insurance payments and pension, and gifts of money/contributions to persons outside the household.

Both Manitobans aged 45 to 64 and aged 65 and over spend the largest proportion of their total consumption on shelter costs (Figure 14). Manitobans aged 45 to 64 spend an average of $7,660 on shelter costs (28% of their total consumption) whereas Manitobans aged 65 and over spend an average of $6,140 on shelter costs (30% of their total consumption). Women aged 65 and over in one-person households spent the largest proportion of their annual expenditure on shelter compared to men aged 65 and over as well as both men and

Manitobans aged 45 to 64, living in one-person households, had an average annual expenditure of $42,027

Manitobans aged 45 to 64, living in multiple-person households, had an average annual expenditure of $83,550

Manitobans aged 45 and over spend most of their money on shelter costs, followed by food, and transportation



women aged 45 to 54 (31.3% vs. 26.9%, 28.4% and 27.6% respectively. The next largest categories of spending were for food and transportation for both those aged 45 to 64 and aged 65 and over for both men and women. Both men aged 45 to 64 and 65 and over spend a larger proportion of their total consumption on recreation compared to women (8.3% vs. 5.8% for 45 to 64; 10.3% vs. 4.5% for 65 and over).

Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over Figure 14: in select age groups in one-person households by gender, Manitoba, 2007

Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 Survey of Household Spending

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

All other

Health care

Clothing

Recreation

Household Operations

Food

Transportation

Shelter

Percent (%)

0

10

20

30

Total45‐64

Male45‐64

Female45‐64

Total65+

Male65+

Female65+

One‐personhouseholds


How baby boomers spend their money

Transportation and shelter costs make up the largest proportions of annual expenditures among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 and 65 and over living in multiple person households. These two categories combined account for 44% of total consumption among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 and 47% of total consumption of Manitobans aged 65 and over living in multiple person households (Figure 15). There was little difference in the proportion of total annual consumption spent on shelter costs between men and women aged 45 to 64 or 65 and over although women aged 65 and over spent the highest proportion of total consumption on shelter costs (25% of total consumption).

Spending patterns of Manitobans aged 45 and over in Figure 15: select age groups in multiple person households by gender, Manitoba, 2007

Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 Survey of Household Spending

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

All other

Health care

Clothing

Recreation

Household Operations

Food

Percent (%)

0

10

20

30

Total45‐64

Male45‐64

Female45‐64

Total65+

Male65+

Female65+

Food

Transportation

Shelter

Multiple person households

Spotlight

The 2006 census showed that 84.6% of Manitobans aged 45 to S64 lived with family while 13.6% lived alone.

The likelihood of living alone increases with age; 44% of SManitobans aged 75 and over live alone.

Manitobans aged 45 to 54 (61%) and 55 to 64 (60%) Scommunicated with close friends at least weekly.

About 10% of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 indicated they had Snot participated in at least one leisure activity during the three month period prior to the 2007 survey.

Just over one-half (52%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were Sconsidered inactive.

In terms of weight, 41% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were Sclassified as overweight, with men more likely to be classified as overweight than women.

About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were Sclassified as obese.

6Section 6: Social connections and leisure activity

Section 6: Social connections and leisure activity


Household living arrangements for population living in privates homes aged Table 16: 45 to 64 by gender, and in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2006

Percent (%) of populationAged 45–64 Percent (%) of age groups

Household living arrangements Total Men Women 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+Spouse/common-law 75.4 77.4 73.5 75.4 75.4 68.7 45.2Lone parent1 5.7 2.9 8.4 6.8 4.2 3.6 5.8Other family2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.2Alone 13.6 14.2 13.1 12.1 15.7 23.3 44.0Non-family3 1.8 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.9

1 Lone parent refers to households consisting of a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children. 2 Family refers to children living in the same household as their parents as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. It also includes individuals in non-census families living with relatives (e.g., sisters). 3 Non-family includes both individuals in census and non-census families living with non-relatives (e.g., brother-in-law, friend).


Living arrangementsThe type of living arrangements individuals have may impact the support network they have available to them. Data from the 2006 Census shows that 84.6% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 lived with family, while 13.6% lived alone (Table 16). A larger proportion of women aged 45–64 (8.4%) were in lone parent households compared to men aged 45 to 64. Manitobans aged 55 to 64 were more likely to live alone than those aged 45 to 54 (15.7% vs. 12.1% respectively). The likelihood of living alone increases with age, 12.1% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 live alone compared to 44% of Manitobans aged 75 and over.


Social networks

Social networksThis section examines the social networks among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 including comparisons between those aged 45 to 54 and aged 55 to 64 and by gender. Information on social networks among Manitobans aged 65 and over can be found in Section 6 of the 2010 Profile of Manitoba Seniors. Nearly half (48.3%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 said they had relatives living in the same city or region as them (Figure 16). Men aged 45 to 54 were slightly more likely than women in that age group to have relatives living nearby, while of those aged 55 to 64, a greater percentage of women had relatives in the same city or region.

Proportion of individuals reporting relatives living Figure 16: in the same city or region in selected age groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007

Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 General Social Survey

50.751

Percent (%)

49.6

48 5

50.7

49

50

51

48.348.5

48.2

47.4

48.4 48.5

48

49

47.4

46.447

48

45

46

44

45

Total45‐64

Men45‐64

Women45‐64

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐54

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

Total45‐64

Men45‐64

Women45‐64

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐54

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

Percent indicating most of their relatives live in same city or region as they do



In the 2007 General Social Survey, individuals were asked how often they saw their relatives and how often they communicated with their relatives whether by telephone, Internet, email, or letter. In the month prior to the survey, just under one-third (29%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 saw their relatives at least weekly (includes daily and a few times a week) compared to 39% of individuals aged 55 to 64 (Figure 17). Women in both age groups were more likely to communicate with their relatives at least weekly than men.

Contact with relatives at least weekly in selected age Figure 17: groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007


2925

33

39

31

47

56

47

66 64

56

72

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Percent of respondents (%)

0

10

20

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐54

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

See relatives at least weekly Communicate with relatives at least weekly

29% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 said they saw their relatives at least weekly

Women were more likely to communicate with relatives at least weekly than men


Social networks

When asked about contact with close friends (e.g., people they felt at ease with and could talk to about whatever was on their mind), almost two-thirds of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 (61%) and aged 55 to 64 (60%) communicated with friends at least weekly (Figure 18). Women in both age groups were slightly more likely than men to communicate with friends at least weekly. Over two-fifths of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 reported seeing friends at least weekly in the month prior to the survey. There was no difference between men and women in these age groups as to the frequency with which they see friends.

Contact with friends at least weekly in selected age Figure 18: groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007


80


61

54

67

6057

63

60

70

80

44 44 45 46 46 46

61

54

6057

40

50

60

30

40

10

20

0

10

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐54

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐54

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

See friends at least weekly Communicate with friends at least weekly

Almost two-thirds of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 (61%) and aged 55 to 64 (60%) communicated with friends at least weekly



Leisure activitiesAccording to the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey, nearly three-quarters (72.4%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 participated in walking for exercise (Table 17). Men were more likely than women to undertake gardening or yard work, as well as participate in cycling or weight training. Women were noticeably more likely than men to do home exercises. There was virtually no difference in the percentage of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 who participated in walking for exercise (72.8% vs. 72.0% respectively. With the exception of home exercises and golfing, individuals aged 45 to 54 were more likely to engage in these activities.

Looking at all the leisure activities together in the past three months, less than ten percent (8.0%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 had not participated in at least one physical leisure activity. About ten percent of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 indicated they had not participated in at least one leisure activity.

Nearly three-quarters of Manitobans (72.4%) aged 45 to 64 participated in walking for exercise


Leisure activities

Participation in physical leisure activities, population aged 45 to 64 by gender, Table 17: and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of population aged 45–64 Percent (%) of age groupActivity Total Men Women 45–54 55–64Walking for exercise 72.4 67.9 77.0 72.8 72.0Gardening/yard work 61.0 66.1 55.9 62.6 58.9Home exercises 30.1 25.0 35.1 29.6 30.7Popular/social dance 13.5 10.4 16.7 15.3 11.3Swimming 13.3 11.5 15.0 15.0 11.1Bicycling 20.3 23.9 16.7 24.1 15.5Golfing 12.6 17.2 8.1E 11.3 14.3Weight training 13.0 15.1 10.9 15.9 9.2Exercise class/aerobics 8.8 F 15.3 9.5 7.8E

Jogging/running 10.5 13.0 7.9E 14.4 5.3E

Bowling 4.6 4.4E 4.7E 5.5E 3.4E

Fishing 8.9 13.2 4.7E 10.4 7.0E

Did not participate in at least one leisure activity in the past 12 months

8.0 8.7 7.4E 6.2E 10.4

E Use with caution

F Too unreliable to publish

Source: Statistics Canada, 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey, Public Use Microdata File.



The physical activity index can be calculated using the number of times and individual participates in an activity and the duration of participation. The index scores are then grouped into ‘active’, ‘moderately active,’ and ‘inactive’. Based on the leisure physical activity index, just over one-half of Manitobans (52%) aged 45 to 64 were considered inactive (Figure 19). This was virtually the same for men and women aged 45 to 64. There was little difference in the level of activity among Manitobans aged 45 to 54, 55 to 64 or 65 to 74. However, 69% of Manitobans aged 75 and over were considered inactive.

Leisure physical activities index, population aged Figure 19: 45 to 64 by gender, and population in selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007


24 25 23 25 23 2424 2326

2326 25

22

52 52 51 53 51 51

69

30

40

50

60

70

80

Percent of respondents (% )

23 23

10

23 23 22

0

10

20

Total45‐64

Men45‐64

Women45‐64

Total45‐54

Total55‐64

Total65‐74

Total75+

Active Moderately active Inactive

Based on the leisure physical activity index, 52% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were considered inactive, while 69% of Manitobans aged 75 and over were considered inactive


Leisure activities

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as a screening tool to identify weight-related health risks. Participants in the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey were asked to give their height and weight. Using this information, an individual’s BMI was calculated and classified according to Health Canada’s international standard groupings of underweight (BMI less than 18.5), normal weight (BMI between 18.50 and 24.99), overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.99) or obese (BMI 30.00 and above).

Just over two-fifths (41%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were classified as overweight (Figure 20). Men in this age group were more likely to be classified as overweight compared to women (48% vs. 34% respectively). This was little difference in the proportion of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 compared to those 55 to 64 who were classified as overweight. Men in both age groups were more likely than women to be considered overweight. About one-fifth (22%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were classified as obese. Men and women aged 45 to 64 were equally as likely to be classified as obese. However, one-quarter of Manitobans aged 55 to 64 were classified as obese (BMI of 30 or more).

BMI classification, population in selected age groups Figure 20: by gender, Manitoba, 2007


41% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 were classified as overweight, while 22% were considered obese

41

48

34

41

47

35

40

48

32

22 22 2220 21

19

25 2426

20

30

40

50

60


0

10

20

Total45‐64

Men45‐64

Women45‐64

Total45‐54

Men45‐54

Women45‐64

Total55‐64

Men55‐64

Women55‐64

Overweight Obese

Spotlight

Almost 60% of baby boomer caregivers were between the ages Sof 45 to 54.

The majority of these caregivers were married (77%) and 73% Swere working in the paid labour force.

Caregivers aged 45 to 64 most often reported caring for their Smothers (39%), fathers (13%), or mother-in-laws (13%).

Caregiving tasks vary by gender for caregivers aged 45 to 64. SWomen (58%) are more likely to do household tasks (e.g., meal preparation, cleaning, laundry, etc.), while men (51%) provide assistance with outside the house.

Decreased time for social activities (38%) and extra expenses Swere most often noted by caregivers aged 45 to 64 as a consequence of providing care to a family member or friend.

Almost one-third of female caregivers aged 45 to 64 reported Sspending less time with children as a consequence of caregiving.

7Section 7: Support and caring

Section 7: Support and caring


Caregiving to seniorsAs reported in the 2007 General Social Survey, about one-quarter (24.6%) of Manitobans age 45 to 64 reported providing assistance to a senior who required assistance due to a long-term health condition or physical limitation (Table 18). Almost 60% of baby boomer caregivers were between ages 45 to 54. The majority of caregivers were married (77%) and nearly three-quarters (73%) were working in the paid labour force.

Profile of caregivers and non-caregivers aged 45 to 64, Table 18: Manitoba, 2007

Characteristic

Percent (%) of caregivers aged

45–64

Percent (%) of non-caregivers aged

45–64Age 45 to 54 59 5755 to 64 41 43Sex Men 45 52Women 55 48Marital Status Married 77 79Widowed 4E 4E

Single/separated/ divorced

19 17

Work Status Working at paid job 73 76Retired 17 14Other 10E 10

E Use with Caution


Almost 60% of baby boomer caregivers were between the ages of 45 to 54; 77% were married and 73% were working


Caregiving to seniors

Caregivers aged 45 to 64 most often reported caring for their mothers (39%), fathers (13%) or mother-in-laws (13%) (Figure 21). Not surprisingly, few of these caregivers reported caring for spouses.

Relationship of senior (care receiver) to caregiver Figure 21: among caregivers age 45 to 64, Manitoba, 2007


8%

7%

1%

13%

13%

39%

Friend

Father‐in‐law

Spouse/partner

Mother‐in‐law

Father

Mother

7%

11%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Other

Other relative

Percent of caregivers aged 45 to 64

Caregivers are caring primarily for their mothers, fathers, or mother-in-laws

Section 7: Support and caring


Among caregivers age 45 to 64, the performance of caregiving tasks varies by gender of the caregiver. For example, 39% of female caregivers age 45 to 64 provide personal care compared to 21% of male caregivers (Figure 22). Female caregivers are more likely to do regular tasks inside the house such as meal preparation, cleaning and laundry than male caregivers (58% vs. 29%). On the other hand, 51% of male caregivers provided assistance with tasks outside the house compared to 35% of female caregivers.

Proportion of caregivers age 45 to 64 performing Figure 22: specific tasks by gender, Manitoba, 2007


3442

24Care management

21

34

21

42

75

20Medical care

Care management

81

21

58

86

29

75

Tasks inside the house

Transportation

45

35

58

51

29

Tasks outside the house

Tasks inside the house

31

42

39

35

21

51

Personal care

Tasks outside the house

3139

21

0 20 40 60 80 100

Personal care

Percent of caregivers aged 45–64 performing this task

Men Women All

Percent of caregivers aged 45–64 performing this task


Caregiving to seniors

When caregivers age 45 to 64 were asked about the consequences of providing care, over one-third (38%) reported decreased time spent on social activities, and just over one-third (35%) reported extra expense (Table 19). Female caregivers (44%) were more likely to indicate this decrease in social activities than male caregivers (31%). Almost one-third of female caregivers age 45 to 64 reported less time spent with children as a consequence to caregiving compared to 10% of male caregivers age 45 to 64. Although all caregivers reported consequences of providing assistance, a higher proportion of female caregivers were experiencing these effects of providing care to an older adult.

Percent of caregivers age 45 to 64 reporting selected consequences of Table 19: providing care by gender, Manitoba, 2007

Selected consequences of providing informal care to seniors

Percent (%) of caregivers aged

45-64

Percent (%) of male caregivers

aged 45-64

Percent (%) of female caregivers

aged 45-64Less time spent on social activities

38 31 44

Holiday plans cancelled or not made

28 26 30

Extra expenses 35 29 41Less time with spouse 26 10E 33Less time with children 22 10E 32Health suffers 17 F 23

E Use with caution

F Too unreliable to publish


Spotlight

Cancer and heart disease are the leading causes of death for SCanadians aged 45 to 64.

In Canada, women are more likely to die of cancer (54.3% vs. S38.1%) than men, while men are more likely to succumb to heart diseases (21.6% vs. 10.4%).

According to a 2007 survey, 53.4% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 Sdescribed themselves as being in excellent or very good health.

Almost one-third (31.4%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64, Sreported one diagnosed chronic health condition.

About one-quarter (23.3%) of Manitobans aged 75 and over, Sreported four or more diagnosed chronic health conditions.

High blood pressure (25%), arthritis/rheumatism (23.1%), and Sback problems (22.4%) were the most common diagnosed chronic health conditions among Manitobans aged 45 to 64.

8Section 8: Health status

Section 8: Health status


Leading causes of death (ICD-10 diagnostic categories) in selected age groups Table 20: by gender, Canada, 2005

Percent (%) of deaths among aged 45–64

Percent (%) of deaths in age group

Cause of death Total Men Women 45–54 55–64Cancer (malignant neoplasms)

44.5 38.1 54.3 39.1 47.5

Diseases of the heart 17.3 21.6 10.4 15.5 18.2Cerebrovascular diseases 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1Chronic lower respiratory diseases

2.1 1.8 2.6 1.2 2.6

Diabetes mellitus 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.4 3.2Alzheimer’s disease 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3Influenza and pneumonia 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9Accidents (unintentional injuries)

5.2 6.2 3.6 8.1 3.6

All others 23.9 25.1 21.9 29.6 20.7Number of deaths (all causes)

39,512 24,053 15,459 14,246 25,266

Source: Statistics Canada (2009). Mortality, Summary List of Causes

Causes of deathCauses of death among those aged 45 to 64 by gender are presented for Canada as a whole as the data at the provincial level by age and sex are not readily available. Among Canadians aged 45 to 64, cancer (malignant neoplasms) and heart disease are the leading causes of death followed by cerebrovascular diseases (Table 20). Women were far more likely than men to die of cancer (54.3% vs. 38.1%), while men were more likely to succumb to diseases of the heart (21.6% vs. 10.4%). Cancer and heart disease were the cause of death amongst those age 55 to 64 than those aged 45 to 54.


Self-rated health

Self-rated healthSelf-rated or self-perceived health refers to the overall rating of one’s own health. It reflects and individual’s own assessment of his/her health. Over one-half (53.4%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 described themselves as being in excellent or very good health according to the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey (Table 21). Women were only slightly more likely than men to describe themselves in excellent or very good health.

Self-rated health, population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in selected age Table 21: groups, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of respondents aged 45-64

Percent (%) of respondents in age group

Self-rated health status Total Men Women 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+Excellent or very good 53.4 52.6 54.3 55.9 50.2 46.6 30.7Good 33.2 35.9 30.5 33.4 32.9 33.8 36.3Fair or poor 13.4 11.5 15.3 10.7 16.8 19.6 32.9

Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007.



Increased age is associated with poorer self-rated health; 10.7% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54 described themselves as being in fair or poor health compared to 32.9% of Manitobans aged 75 and over. This was true for both men and women (Figure 23).

Self-rated health by gender in selected age groups, Figure 23: Manitoba, 2007


60

70


53 53

46

60

48 47

39 3740

50

60

70

46

33

47

29

39

3134

37

27

34 33 36

1620

29

17 20

35

20

30

40

50

8

1620

1317 20

10

20

30

0

45‐54 55‐64 65‐74 75+ 45‐54 55‐64 65‐74 75+

Men WomenMen Women

Excellent/very good Good Fair/poor


Chronic health conditions

Chronic health conditionsParticipants of the Canadian Community Health Survey were asked about chronic health conditions that had been diagnosed by a health professional and have lasted or were expected to last six months, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, arthritis, or rheumatism. About one-third (31.4%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 report one diagnosed chronic health condition; slightly over one-third (35%) do not have any diagnosed chronic health conditions (Table 22). There is little difference in the number of diagnosed chronic health conditions between men and women aged 45 to 64 although women are slightly more likely to have four or more diagnosed chronic health conditions compared to men aged 45 to 64 (11% vs. 4.2% respectively). Increasing age is associated with a greater number of disease conditions; 23.3% of Manitobans aged 75 and over had four or more diagnosed chronic health conditions compared to 5% of Manitobans aged 45 to 54.

High blood pressure was the most common diagnosed chronic condition among Manitobans aged 45 to 64 (25%) followed by arthritis/rheumatism (23.1%) and back problems (22.4%). Less than 10% of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 had been diagnosed with heart disease or diabetes. Women aged 45 to 64 were twice as likely as men to have been diagnosed with arthritis/rheumatism (31% vs. 15.1% respectively).

About one-third (31.4%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 had one diagnosed chronic health condition

The most common diagnosed chronic conditions for those aged 45 to 64 was high blood pressure, arthritis/rheumatism, and back problems



Diagnosed chronic health conditions by gender and age groups, Manitoba, Table 22: 2007

Percent (%) of respondents aged 45–64

Percent (%) of respondents in age group

Number of conditions Total Men Women 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+None 35.0 39.8 30.3 41.4 26.9 22.2 13.8One 31.4 33.4 29.5 30.3 32.9 22.8 23.62–3 25.9 22.6 29.2 23.3 29.3 39.9 39.34 or more 7.6E 4.2E 11.0 5.0E 11.0 15.1 23.3

Health conditions Total Men Women 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+High blood pressure 25.0 26.8 23.1 18.6 33.4 44.5 51.2Arthritis/rheumatism 23.1 15.1 31.0 18.2 29.4 40.3 49.1Back problems 22.4 20.0 24.7 21.3 23.8 27.2 29.9Heart disease 5.2E 5.5E 4.8E F 8.5E 12.8 22.5Diabetes 6.9E 5.7E 8.1E 4.8E 9.7E 16.2 11.3

E Use with caution

F Too unreliable to be published


Men aged 45 to 64 were more likely than women in this age group to have been diagnosed with high blood pressure (23.4% vs. 13.4%) (Figure 24). Men and women aged 55 to 64 were equally as likely to have been diagnosed with high blood pressure (32.2% vs. 34.5%). On the other hand, women aged 45 to 54 were twice as likely as men aged 45 to 54 to have been diagnosed with arthritis/rheumatism (24.9% vs. 12%). In addition, 38.2% of women aged 55 to 64 had been diagnosed with arthritis/rheumatism compared to 19.5% of men aged 55 to 64.


Chronic health conditions

Diagnosed chronic health conditions in selected age Figure 24: groups by gender, Manitoba, 2007


32.2

30

35

Percent (%)

23.4

32.2

19.519.8 20.320

25

30

35

12.0

19.519.8 20.3

2 7

9.6

3.7

8.7

5

10

15

20

2.7 3.7

0

5

10

45‐54 55‐6445‐54 55‐64

High blood pressure Arthritis/rheumatism Back problems

Men


Heart disease Diabetes

38.240

45

Percent (%)

34.5

24 9

38.2

26.930

35

40

45

13 4

24.922.8

26.9

15

20

25

30

13.4

7.66.0

10.5

5

10

15

20

2.4

6.0

0

5

45‐54 55‐65Women45‐54 55‐65



Women


Men aged 45 to 64 were more likely to have been diagnosed with high blood pressure; however, women of the same age category were more likely to be diagnosed with arthritis/rheumatism



Self-rated mental healthSelf-rated mental health status reflects the individual’s own assessment of his/her mental health. Participants in the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey were asked: In general, would you say your mental health is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. About one-third (34%) of Manitobans aged 45 to 64 indicated their mental health was “excellent” while almost two-fifths (38.7%) reported “very good” mental health status (Table 23). There was virtually no difference in mental health status between men and women aged 45 to 64. Although few Manitobans in any of the age groups rated their health as “fair or poor”, Manitobans aged 65 and over were the least likely to do so (3.4% vs. 4.2% and 6% respectively).

Self-rated mental health status population aged 45 to 64 by gender and in Table 23: selected age groups, Manitoba, 2007

Percent (%) of respondents aged 45 to 64

Percent (%) of respondents in selected age groups

Self-rated mental health status Total Men Women 45–54 55–64 65+Excellent 34.0 33.7 34.3 32.7 35.7 30.8Very good 38.7 38.9 38.5 38.1 39.4 34.8Good 22.2 23.1 21.2 23.2 20.8 30.9Fair or poor 5.2E 4.3E 5.9E 6.0E 4.2E 3.4E

E Use with caution


Figure 1: Statistics Canada. 2007. Age Groups (13) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 1921 to 2006 Censuses – 100% (table). Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-551-XCB2006005. Ottawa. Released July 17, 2007.

Statistics Canada. (2010). Population Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories 2009 to 2036. (Catalogue number 91-520-XIE) (Table 12-8, p.188). Ottawa, ON: Minister of Industry.

Table 1: Statistics Canada. 2007. Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (9), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Age Groups (10) and Sex(3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based tabulation 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97- 557-XCB2006021.

Table 2: Statistics Canada. 2007. Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Sex (3) and Age Groups (10) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-557-XCB2006015. Ottawa. Released December 04, 2007.

AAppendix A: Full data sources for charts and tables


Appendix A: Full data sources for charts and tables

Figures 2, 3: Statistics Canada. 2008. Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (14), Age Groups (10A) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-560-XCB2006007. Ottawa. Released March 04, 2008.

Figures 4, 5: Statistics Canada. Adult Education and Training Survey (2003), Public Use Microdata File.

Figure 6: Statistics Canada (May 14, 2003). Labor Force Activity (8), Age Groups (17B), Marital Status (7B) and Sex (3) for Population 15 years and Over, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data. 2001 Census of Canada. Catalogue number 95F0377XCB01004.

Statistics Canada. 2008. Labour Force Activity (8), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (14), Age Groups (12A) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (Table). Topic-based tabulation 2005 Census of Population, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-559-XCB2006020.

Figure 7: Statistics Canada. 2008. Work Activity in 2005 (23), Age Groups (9) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-559-XCB2005021.

Figure 8 and Figure 9, Tables 3 to 7: Statistics Canada. 2007 General Social Survey, Cycle 21 Family, Social Support and Retirement, Public Use Microdata File.

Figures 10, 11 and 12; Tables 8 to 13: Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), 2007, Public Use Microdata File.



Table 14 and Figure 13: Statistics Canada (May 1, 2008). Total Income Groups (23), in Constant (2005) Dollars, Age Groups (7A), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (5) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2000 and 2005 – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based Tabulation 2006 Census of Canada, Catalogue number 97-563-XCB2006005.

Table 15: Statistics Canada. (June 26, 2008). Total Income Groups (21) in Constant (2005) Dollars, Age Groups (5A), Household Living Arrangements (3), Work Activity in the Reference Year (3) and Sex (3) for the Persons 15 Years and Over not in the Economic Families in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2000 and 2005 - 20% Sample Data Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-563-XCB2006026.

Statistics Canada. (2006) Family Income Groups (22) in Constant (2005) Dollars, Age Group of Husband, Male Partner or Reference Person (5), Work Activity in the Reference Year of Husband, Male Partner or Reference Person (3) and Economic Family Structure (9) for the Economic Families in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2000 and 2005 - 20% Sample Data Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of the Population, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-563-XCB2006018.

Figures 14 and 15: Statistics Canada, 2007 Survey of Household Spending, Public Use Microdata File.

Table 16: Statistics Canada. 2007. Census Family Status (6), Age Groups (20) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data (table). Topic-based tabulation. 2006 Census of Population. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-553-XCB2006014. Ottawa. Released September 12, 2007.

Figures 16, 17 and 18: Statistics Canada. 2007 General Social Survey, Cycle 21 Family, Social Support and Retirement, Public Use Microdata File.



Table 17, Figures 19 and 20: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007, Public Use Microdata File.

Tables 18, 19 and Figures 21, 22: Statistics Canada. 2007 General Social Survey, Cycle 21 Family, Social Support and Retirement, Public Use Microdata File.

Table 20: Statistics Canada, Health Statistics Division. (November 2010). Mortality, Summary List of Causes, Tables 2-11 to 2-14. Catalogue No. 84F0209XIE.

Tables 21, 22, 23 and Figures 23, 24: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007, Public Use Microdata File.

Centre on Aging 338 Isbister Building University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2

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