The audio narrations of these slides have been transcribed verbatim and can be downloaded fromEmbryology of the Branchial Region stomodeum aorta pharynx brain 4 weeksnotochord Jack Stern 2003 4 weeks stomodeum branchial arches heart modified from Moore KL 1982 The Developing Human Jack Stern 2003 1st aortic arch ruptured oropharyngeal membrane coelom pharynxbrain neural crest notochord Jack Stern 2003 pharynx 1st aortic arch Jack Stern 2003 Jack Stern 2015 lots of growth neck Jack Stern 215Jack Stern 2015 ectomesenchyme Jack Stern 2015 Things Neural Crest Becomes 1.The front 2/3 of the skull, the connective tissue and tendons of muscles innervated by cranial nerves, nonvertebral skeletal elements in the neck, and most of the connective tissue of the head and neck. 2. All the dorsal root ganglia of the body (and some cells in cranial nerve sensory ganglia). 3. All autonomic ganglia of the body. 4. Adrenal medulla. 7. Schwann cells. 6. Melanocytes. 5. Spiral septum of truncus arteriosus and, maybe, cusps of aortic and pulmonary valves. 8. Those localized regions of the skull, cervical vertebrae, sternum, scapula, and clavicle to which the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid attach; carotid bodies; paraganglia; telencephalic meninges. Jack Stern 2015 ectomesenchyme Jack Stern 2015 branchial cleft pharyngeal pouch mesodermal core of branchial arch branchial arch Jack Stern 2015 branchial septum aortic arch Jack Stern 2015 branchial septum branchial arch cartilage aortic arch Jack Stern 2015 Branchial Arch Cartilage 1st Arch 2nd Arch 3rd Arch 4 th & 6 th Arches (?) Fate Malleus, Incus, Sphenomandibular ligament Stapes, Styloid process, Stylohyoid ligament, Lesser horn of hyoid, Superior portion hyoid body Greater horn of hyoid, most of hyoid body Thyroid, Cricoid, & Arytenoid cartilages Jack Stern 2015 right and left 2 nd branchial arches mesodermal core aortic arch mesodermal core Jack Stern 2015 branchial cleft branchial septum pharyngeal pouch pharynx Jack Stern 2015 This doesnt happen in amniotes Jack Stern 2015 Cranial Paraxial Mesoderm (CPM) Jack Stern 2015 CPM lateral plate mesodermal core Jack Stern 2015 Eustachian tube & middle ear cavity eardrum external auditory meatus Jack Stern 2015 Jack Stern 2003 palatine tonsil Jack Stern 2003 Through 3 rd pouch Jack Stern 2003 dorsal clump ventral clump pharynx Jack Stern 2003 opercular process epipericardial ridge Jack Stern opercular process Jack Stern 2003 cervical sinus Jack Stern 2003 cervical sinus Jack Stern 2003 Anomalies Associated with Opercular Process, Cervical Sinus, and Branchial Septa Jack Stern 2003 branchial cyst Jack Stern 2003 external branchial sinus Jack Stern 2003 internal branchial sinus Jack Stern 2003 branchial fistula Jack Stern 2003 derived from pharyngeal pouch III derived from pharyngeal pouch IV Jack Stern 2003 dorsal clump ventral clump cross section through III or IV Jack Stern 2003 non lymphoid part of thymus C-cells of thyroid ? parathyroid IV parathyroid III Jack Stern 2003 median tongue bud Jack Stern 2009 median tongue bud Jack Stern 2003 median tongue bud lateral tongue bud lateral tongue bud 1 1 pharynx Jack Stern 2003 thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003 thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003 22 thyroid diverticulum pharynx Jack Stern 2003 copula epiglottis hypobranchial eminence Jack Stern 2003 copula epiglottis hypobranchial eminence Jack Stern 2003 3 or 4 copula or epiglottis pharynx Jack Stern 2003 laryngotracheal diverticulum Jack Stern 2003 6 6 laryngotracheal diverticulum pharynx Jack Stern 2003 median tongue bud lateral tongue bud thyroid diverticulum copulaepiglottis laryngotracheal diverticulum lateral tongue bud Jack Stern 2003 median tongue bud lateral tongue bud thyroid diverticulum copulaepiglottis laryngotracheal diverticulum lateral tongue bud Jack Stern 2003 median tongue bud lateral tongue bud lateral tongue bud 1 1 Jack Stern 2003 median septum of tongue Jack Stern 2003 anterior two-thirds of tongue (from lateral tongue buds) Jack Stern 2003 posterior one-third of tongue (from copula) epiglottis foramen cecum Jack Stern 2003 lung buds thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003 Jack Stern 2003 thyroid diverticulum continues its growth caudally Jack Stern 2003 tip of thyroid diverticulum reaches position anterior to future trachea Jack Stern 2003 tip of thyroid diverticulum Jack Stern 2003 lobe isthmus thyroglossal duct Jack Stern 2003 thyroglossal duct thyroid gland Jack Stern 2003 parathyroid III parathyroid IV non lymphoid part of thymus C-cells of thyroid ? Jack Stern 2003 parathyroid III parathyroid IV thymus stuff Jack Stern 2003 Jack Stern 2003 thymus inferior parathyroid superior parathyroid Jack Stern 2003 thyroglossal duct degenerates Jack Stern 2003 lobe isthmus Jack Stern 2003 Most Common Definitive Thyroid Gland foramen cecum thyroid Jack Stern 2003 What can go wrong with thyroid? Jack Stern 2003 pyramidal lobe Jack Stern 2003 hyoid bone thyroglossal ligament Normal Variant Jack Stern 2003 thyroglossal (duct) cyst Jack Stern 2003 Be sure to read the Clinical Correlation Notes document concerning what can go wrong with parathyroid development, tongue development, and neural crest migration. Jack Stern 2003