the atmosphere chapter 15. earth’s atmosphere extends about 100 miles ( ? km) above the surface
TRANSCRIPT
THE ATMOSPHERETHE ATMOSPHERE
Chapter 15Chapter 15
Earth’s atmosphereEarth’s atmosphere
Extends ABOUT 100 Extends ABOUT 100 miles ( ? Km) above miles ( ? Km) above the surfacethe surface
COMPOSTITION OF COMPOSTITION OF ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
cynobacteriacynobacteria
Produced first oxygenProduced first oxygen
Atmospheric pressureAtmospheric pressure
• Gravity pulls the air Gravity pulls the air molecules toward the earth, molecules toward the earth, giving them weight. giving them weight.
• This is called theThis is called the atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure..
High elevations = lower pressureHigh elevations = lower pressure
Low elevations = higher pressureLow elevations = higher pressure
As As elevation elevation goes up,goes up,
air air pressure pressure
goes down.goes down.
This is an inverse This is an inverse relationshiprelationship..
At which location would the air pressure be the least?The Great Divide
elev. = 10,759 ft.
the Nambian Desert
elev. = 825 ft.
the Kona coast
elev. = 0 ft.
Mt. Everest
elev. = 29,028 ft.
Mauna KeaMauna Kea
Why are the colors in this order?Why are the colors in this order?
Layers of atmosphereLayers of atmosphere
Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere
TroposphereTroposphere– Where weather occursWhere weather occurs– Temperature DECREASES Temperature DECREASES
with altitude with altitude – Ground absorbs heat-Ground absorbs heat-
Heated from bottom upHeated from bottom up
coldhot
STRATOSPHERESTRATOSPHERE
Warms with altitudeWarms with altitude Planes fly in this layerPlanes fly in this layer Contains ozone layerContains ozone layer
– Absorbs solar radiation Absorbs solar radiation (heat)(heat)
– Filters UV raysFilters UV rays– CFC’s destroy ozoneCFC’s destroy ozone
RefrigerationRefrigeration StyrofoamStyrofoam Air conditionersAir conditioners
OZONE LAYEROZONE LAYER
Thinning over AntarcticaThinning over Antarctica Allows more UVAllows more UV
– Skin cancerSkin cancer– CataractsCataracts– Stunts plant growthStunts plant growth
Ozone “hole” over AntarcticaOzone “hole” over Antarctica
Peaks in Oct.Peaks in Oct.
Ozone LayerOzone Layer
Cl attacks OCl attacks O33 and splits and splits
it apartit apart Chlorine doesn’t get Chlorine doesn’t get
destroyeddestroyed
MESOSPHEREMESOSPHERE
Cools with altitude Cools with altitude (farther from ozone (farther from ozone layer)layer)
Meteors burn up in this Meteors burn up in this layerlayer
THERMOSPHERETHERMOSPHERE
Absorbs harmful radiation Absorbs harmful radiation – x-rays & gamma rays– x-rays & gamma rays
Few molecules in this Few molecules in this layerlayer
Temperature is weirdTemperature is weird
Lapse rateLapse rate
Average temperature decrease in the Average temperature decrease in the troposphere (3.5troposphere (3.5º F/ 1000 feet)º F/ 1000 feet)
Problem: If the surface temp is 40 º F, what is Problem: If the surface temp is 40 º F, what is the temperature at 10,000 feet?the temperature at 10,000 feet?
40°
10,ooo ft
0 ft
answeranswer
55° farentheit° farentheit
Lapse rateLapse rate
If the surface temp. is 25 If the surface temp. is 25 º F, at what º F, at what altitude would it be -10 º F?altitude would it be -10 º F?
10,000 feet10,000 feet