Download - THE ATMOSPHERE Chapter 15. Earth’s atmosphere Extends ABOUT 100 miles ( ? Km) above the surface
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THE ATMOSPHERETHE ATMOSPHERE
Chapter 15Chapter 15
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Earth’s atmosphereEarth’s atmosphere
Extends ABOUT 100 Extends ABOUT 100 miles ( ? Km) above miles ( ? Km) above the surfacethe surface
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COMPOSTITION OF COMPOSTITION OF ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
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cynobacteriacynobacteria
Produced first oxygenProduced first oxygen
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Atmospheric pressureAtmospheric pressure
• Gravity pulls the air Gravity pulls the air molecules toward the earth, molecules toward the earth, giving them weight. giving them weight.
• This is called theThis is called the atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure..
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High elevations = lower pressureHigh elevations = lower pressure
Low elevations = higher pressureLow elevations = higher pressure
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As As elevation elevation goes up,goes up,
air air pressure pressure
goes down.goes down.
This is an inverse This is an inverse relationshiprelationship..
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At which location would the air pressure be the least?The Great Divide
elev. = 10,759 ft.
the Nambian Desert
elev. = 825 ft.
the Kona coast
elev. = 0 ft.
Mt. Everest
elev. = 29,028 ft.
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Mauna KeaMauna Kea
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Why are the colors in this order?Why are the colors in this order?
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Layers of atmosphereLayers of atmosphere
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Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere
TroposphereTroposphere– Where weather occursWhere weather occurs– Temperature DECREASES Temperature DECREASES
with altitude with altitude – Ground absorbs heat-Ground absorbs heat-
Heated from bottom upHeated from bottom up
coldhot
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STRATOSPHERESTRATOSPHERE
Warms with altitudeWarms with altitude Planes fly in this layerPlanes fly in this layer Contains ozone layerContains ozone layer
– Absorbs solar radiation Absorbs solar radiation (heat)(heat)
– Filters UV raysFilters UV rays– CFC’s destroy ozoneCFC’s destroy ozone
RefrigerationRefrigeration StyrofoamStyrofoam Air conditionersAir conditioners
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OZONE LAYEROZONE LAYER
Thinning over AntarcticaThinning over Antarctica Allows more UVAllows more UV
– Skin cancerSkin cancer– CataractsCataracts– Stunts plant growthStunts plant growth
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Ozone “hole” over AntarcticaOzone “hole” over Antarctica
Peaks in Oct.Peaks in Oct.
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Ozone LayerOzone Layer
Cl attacks OCl attacks O33 and splits and splits
it apartit apart Chlorine doesn’t get Chlorine doesn’t get
destroyeddestroyed
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MESOSPHEREMESOSPHERE
Cools with altitude Cools with altitude (farther from ozone (farther from ozone layer)layer)
Meteors burn up in this Meteors burn up in this layerlayer
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THERMOSPHERETHERMOSPHERE
Absorbs harmful radiation Absorbs harmful radiation – x-rays & gamma rays– x-rays & gamma rays
Few molecules in this Few molecules in this layerlayer
Temperature is weirdTemperature is weird
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Lapse rateLapse rate
Average temperature decrease in the Average temperature decrease in the troposphere (3.5troposphere (3.5º F/ 1000 feet)º F/ 1000 feet)
Problem: If the surface temp is 40 º F, what is Problem: If the surface temp is 40 º F, what is the temperature at 10,000 feet?the temperature at 10,000 feet?
40°
10,ooo ft
0 ft
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answeranswer
55° farentheit° farentheit
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Lapse rateLapse rate
If the surface temp. is 25 If the surface temp. is 25 º F, at what º F, at what altitude would it be -10 º F?altitude would it be -10 º F?
10,000 feet10,000 feet