the anglo-saxons a.d. 449-1066 historical background the celts invaded the british isles between...
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The Anglo-SaxonsA.D. 449-1066
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Historical Background
• The Celts invaded the British Isles between 800-600 B.C.
• There were 2 groups of Celts: the Brythons (Britons) who settled in Britain and the Gaels who settled in Ireland.
• Farmers and hunters, settled into tight klans, animistic relgion, looked to their priests, Druids, to settle any disputes
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Fun Fact: Some believe that Stonehenge was used by the Druids for
religious rites having to do with the lunar and solar cycles.
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Historical Background• The Romans conquered
Britain in 43 A.D. and ruled for more than 300 years
• They were much more sophisticated than the Celts establishing towns and roads
• Introduced Christianity to Britain in the 4th Century
• Left in 407A.D.
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The Anglo-Saxons Invade Britain-449 A.D.
• Angles, Saxons, Jutes (similar cultures)• Came from what is now Germany (Jutes from
Denmark)• Deep-sea fisherman, farmers, and warriors• Pagan beliefs with emphasis on fate (wyrd) and
fame• Loyalty to kings through warfare was essential• Spoke Englisc, referred to as Old English • During 6th Century, Roman missionaries began to
convert Anglo-Saxons to Christians, struggle to embrace new beliefs and let go of old ones
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What modern English word do
you think derives from the Old
English term for fate, “wyrd”?
Weird!
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Alfred The Great
• Became king in 871 A.D.
• Why ”The Great”? Known for resisting complete Danish takeover
• Encouraged rebirth of learning and education
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Anglo-Saxon Literature
• Riddles• Elegiac poem—lamenting the loss of someone or
something and longing for the past (The Seafarer, The Wife’s Lament)
• Epic poem—a long heroic poem which tells the story of a great warrior, renowned for courage, bravery, etc. (Beowulf)
• Prose—History of the English Church and People (written by Venerable Bede, England’s greatest Latin scholar) and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
• **Often told orally by scops• **In 975 A.D., monks copy Old English poems into The
Exeter Book, preserving Anglo-Saxon culture
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Fun Fact: J.R.R. Tolkien was heavily influenced by Beowulf and wrote a
paper about it (while at Oxford) which caused Beowulf to become considered
a work of art.
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Important terms for analysis of Anglo-Saxon Literature:
• Personification
• Alliteration
• Kenning
• Caesura
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The Beginning of the End….• The Danes (Denmark) and the
Norse (Norway) AKA Vikings invade Britain in the 8th century.
• Under a truce in 886 the Saxons and the Danes split Britain (Alfred the Great accomplished this)
• The Anglo-Saxons and the Danes were both defeated by William Duke of Normandy (AKA William the Conquerer) during a battle near Hastings, England. This signified the end of the Anglo-Saxon Period.
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Trivia:
• Where is Normandy?
• Northwestern France
• What period follows the Anglo-Saxon period?
• The Middle Ages