The Anatomy of the BrainGross structure and Forbrain

Upper SixthBiology

Aims

• By the end of the lesson you should understand

• How the brain is studied• The anatomy of the brain• The functional divisions of the

brain

How do we study the brain?

• Anatomy and histology• Function….historically studied by

using brain damage patients• Broca’s area• Stroke patients• Tumour removal• Alzheimer's patients and function of

ACH

Brain damage

Brain Damage-rare vacuum Brain

Computer Assisted Tomography

• Cat Scans• Use X-rays to

distinguish between different tissues

• Section through the brain

• May give a 3-D structure

Positron Emission Tomography

• Pet Scan• Activity of brain is

measured• 2-deoxyglucose

labelled with isotope that emits positrons

• More active the tissue more is emitted

Magnetic resonance imaging

• MRI scan• Involves magnets • Equipment measures

tiny magnetic fields in brain

• Magnetic effect of oxyhaemoglobin is less than deoxyhaemoglobin

Structure of the Brain

• The brain can be thought of as an expansion of the spinal cord

• Forebrain• Diencephalon• Midbrain• Hindbrain• All contain CSF• Using page 56 sketch out these areas

Structure of the Brain External

• Cerebrum-two cerebral hemispheres

Surface of cerebrum

• Surface of each is the cerebral cortex

• Lobes-frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

• Deep within-hippocampus and amygdala

Corpus Callosum

• Corpus callosum- connects The two cerebral hemesheres

Anatomy of the brain –vertical section

• Forebrain, the cerebrum

• Diencephalon-contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus

• Midbrain• Hindbrain

Cerebellum and the medulla oblongata

Function of the cerebrum

• Primary sensory areas-input

• Association areas take this information-integration

• Prefrontal and limbic• Broca’s and Wernike’s

areas, speech production and understanding left side

• Right side non verbal 3D perception