medical gross anatomy-muscles

8/12/2019 Medical Gross Anatomy-muscles

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Medical Gross Anatomy

Anatomy Tables - Muscles

Muscles of the

Back Region -Listed

AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

erector spinae iliac crest,sacrum,transverse andspinousprocesses ofvertebrae andsupraspinalligament

angles of theribs,transverseand spinousprocesses ofvertebrae,posterioraspect of theskull

extendsandlaterallybends thetrunk, neckand head

segmentallyinnervated bydorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C1-S5

suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posteriorintercostal aa.,subcostal aa.,lumbar aa.

the erector spinae m. isseparated into 3columns of muscle:iliocostalis laterally,longissimus in anintermediate positionand spinalis medially;each of these columnshas multiple namedparts

iliocostalis iliac crest andsacrum

angles of theribs

extendsandlaterallybends thetrunk andneck

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C4-S5


the most lateral part ofthe erector spinae; itmay be subdivided intolumborum, thoracis andcervicis portions

interspinales upper borderof spinousprocess

lower borderof spinousprocessabove

extendtrunk andneck

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C1-L5

suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posterior

intercostal aa.,

these are small andfairly insignificantmuscles
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/interspinalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/iliocostalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/erector-spinae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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subcostal aa.,lumbar aa.

intertransversarii upper borderof transverseprocess

lower borderof transverseprocessabove

laterallybend trunkand neck


suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,

posteriorintercostal aa.,subcostal aa.,lumbar aa.

these are small andfairly insignificantmuscles

longissimus transverseprocess atinferiorvertebrallevels

transverseprocess atsuperiorvertebrallevels andmastoidprocess

extendsandlaterallybends thetrunk, neckand head

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C1-S1


the intermediate part ofthe erector spinae;itmay be subdivided intothoracis, cervicis andcapitis portions

multifidus sacrum,transverseprocesses ofC3-L5

spinousprocesses 2-4vertebrallevelssuperior totheir origin

extend andlaterallybend trunkand neck,rotate tooppositeside



semispinalis, multifidusand rotatores make upthe transversospinalmuscle group

obliquus capitis inferior spinousprocess of theaxis

transverseprocess ofatlas

rotates thehead to thesame side

suboccipitalnerve (DPR ofC1)

occipital a. greater occipital nerve(DPR of C2) passessuperiorly around theinferior margin ofinferior oblique

obliquus capitis superior transverseprocess ofatlas

occipital boneabove inferiornuchal line

extends thehead,rotates thehead to thesame side


occipital a. the suboccipital triangleis formed by obliquuscapitis superior andinferior and rectuscapitis posterior major
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/obliqus-capitus-superior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/obliqus-capitus-inferior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/multifundis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/longissimus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/intertransversarii.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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rectus capitis posteriormajor

spinousprocess ofaxis

inferior nuchalline

extends thehead,rotate tosame side


occipital a. none

rectus capitis posteriorminor

posteriortubercle of

atlas

inferior nuchalline medially

extends thehead

suboccipitalnerve (DPR of

C1)

occipital a. rectus capitis posteriorminor is deeper and

inserts more medialthan rectus capitisposterior major

rotatores transverseprocesses

longrotatores:spines 2vertebraeabove origin;shortrotatores:spines 1vertebraeabove origin

rotates thevertebralcolumn totheoppositeside



semispinalis, multifidusand rotatores make upthe transversospinalmuscle group

semispinalis transverseprocesses ofC7-T12

capitis: backof skullbetweennuchal lines;cervicis &thoracis:spines 4-6vertebraeabove origin

extends thetrunk andlaterallybends thetrunk,rotates thetrunk to theoppositeside

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C1-T12


three parts are namedbased on theirinsertions: capitis,cervicis and thoracis;semispinalis, multifidusand rotatores make upthe transversospinalmuscle group

spinalis spinousprocesses atinferiorvertebrallevels

spinousprocesses atsuperiorvertebrallevels andbase of theskull

extendsandlaterallybends trunkand neck


suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posteriorintercostal aa.,subcostal aa.,

lumbar aa.

most medial part of theerector spinae; may besubdivided intothoracis, cervicis andcapitis portions
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/spinalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/semispinalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/rotatores-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/rectuscapitus-posteriormino.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/rectus-capitus-post.-major.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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splenius ligamentumnuchae andspines C7-T6

capitis:mastoidprocess &superiornuchal linelaterally;cervicis:posteriortubercles ofC1-C3vertebrae

extendsandlaterallybends neckand head;rotateshead tosame side

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C2-C6

suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posteriorintercostal aa.

splenius meansbandage; it gets itsname from its broad,flat shape

splenius capitis ligamentumnuchae andspines of C7-T6 vertebrae

mastoidprocess andlateral end ofthe superiornuchal line

extendsandlaterallybends theneck and

head,rotateshead to thesame side


suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posterior

intercostal aa.

named for its shape:splenius meansbandage and capitisrefers to the insertion ofthis portion of the

muscle

splenius cervicis ligamentumnuchae andspines of C7-T6 vertebrae

posteriortubercles ofthe transverseprocesses ofC1-C3vertebrae

extendsandlaterallybends neckand head,rotateshead to thesame side


suppliedsegmentallyby: deepcervical a.,posteriorintercostal aa.

named for its shape:splenius meansbandage and cervicisrefers to the insertion ofthis portion of themuscle

Muscles of the Upper Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

abductor digitiminimi (hand)

pisiform base of theproximal

phalanx of

abducts the 5th digit deep branch ofthe ulnar nerve

ulnar a. abductor digitiminimi, flexor digiti

minimi brevis, and
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/splenius-capitis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/abductor-digiti-minimi-hand.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/splenius-cervicis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/splenius.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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the 5th digiton its ulnarside

opponens digitiminimi are locatedin the hypothenarcompartment of thehand

abductor

pollicis brevis

flexor

retinaculum,scaphoid,trapezium

base of the

proximalphalanx ofthe first digit

abducts thumb recurrent branch

of median nerve

superficial

palmar br. ofthe radial a.

abductor pollicis

brevis, flexorpollicis brevis, andopponens pollicisare located in thethenarcompartment of thehand (Latin, pollicis= the thumb)

abductorpollicis longus

middle one-third of theposteriorsurface of theradius,interosseousmembrane,mid-portion ofposterolateralulna

radial side ofthe base ofthe firstmetacarpal

abducts the thumb atcarpometacarpal joint

radial nerve, deepbranch

posteriorinterosseous a.

the tendons ofabductor pollicislongus andextensor pollicisbrevis make thelateral border of theanatomicalsnuffbox (Latin,pollicis = thethumb)

adductorpollicis

oblique head:capitate andbase of the2nd and 3rdmetacarpals;transversehead: shaft ofthe 3rdmetacarpal

base of theproximalphalanx ofthe thumb

adducts the thumb ulnar nerve, deepbranch

deep palmararterial arch

deep palmar archand deep ulnarnerve passbetween the twoheads of adductorpollicis, which is inthe adductor-interosseouscompartment (Latin, pollicis = thethumb)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/adductor-pollicus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/abductor-pollicis-longus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/abductor-pollicis-brevis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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anconeus lateralepicondyle ofthe humerus

lateral side ofthe olecranonand the upperone-fourth ofthe ulna

extends the forearm nerve toanconeus, fromthe radial nerve

interosseousrecurrent a.

(Greek, anconeus= elbow)

biceps brachii short head: tipof the coracoidprocess of thescapula; longhead:supraglenoidtubercle of thescapula

tuberosity ofthe radius flexes the forearm,flexes arm (longhead), supinates

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6) brachial a. a powerfulsupinator only if theelbow is flexed

brachialis anteriorsurface of thelower one-halfof thehumerus andthe associatedintermuscularsepta

coronoidprocess ofthe ulna

flexes the forearm musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

brachial a.,radial recurrenta.

a powerful flexor

brachioradialis upper two-thirds of thelateralsupracondylarridge of thehumerus

lateral side ofthe base ofthe styloidprocess ofthe radius

flexes the elbow,assists in pronation &supination

radial nerve radial recurrenta.

althoughbrachioradialis isinnervated by thenerve for extensors(radial), its primaryaction is elbowflexion; the neutralposition of thismuscle is half waybetween supinationand pronation(elbow flexed,thumb up)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/brachioradialis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/brachialis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/biceps-brachii.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/anconeus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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coracobrachialis

coracoidprocess of thescapula

medial side ofthe humerusat mid-shaft

flexes and adductsthe arm

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

brachial a. themusculocutaneousnerve passesthrough thecoracobrachialismuscle to reachthe other arm flexormm.(biceps brachiiand brachialis)

deltoid lateral one-third of theclavicle,acromion, thelower lip of thecrest of thespine of the

scapula

deltoidtuberosity ofthe humerus

abducts arm; anteriorfibers flex & mediallyrotate the arm;posterior fibersextend & laterallyrotate the arm

axillary nerve(C5,6) from theposterior cord ofthe brachialplexus

posteriorcircumflexhumeral a.

the deltoid muscleis the principleabductor of the armbut due to poormechanicaladvantage itcannot initiate this

action; it is assistedby thesupraspinatus m.

dorsalinterosseous(hand)

four muscles,each arisingfrom twoadjacentmetacarpalshafts

base of theproximalphalanx andthe extensorexpansion onlateral side ofthe 2nd digit,

lateral &medial sidesof the 3rddigit, andmedial side ofthe 4th digit

flex themetacarpophalangeal

joint, extend theproximal and distalinterphalangeal jointsof digits 2-4, abductdigits 2-4 (abduction

of digits in the hand isdefined as movementaway from themidline of the 3rddigit)

ulnar nerve, deepbranch

dorsal andpalmarmetacarpal aa.

bipennate muscles;remember DAB &PAD - Dorsalinterosseous mm.ABduct and Palmarinterosseous mm.ADduct - then you

can figure outwhere they mustinsert to causetheseactions (Latin, inter= between + os =bone)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/interossi-of-hand.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/deltoid-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/coracobrachialis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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extensor carpiradialis brevis

commonextensortendon (lateralepicondyle ofhumerus)

dorsum of thethirdmetacarpalbone (base)

extends the wrist;abducts the hand

deep radial nerve radial a. works with theextensor carpiradialis longus andflexor carpi radialisin abduction of thehand (Greek, carpi=the wrist)

extensor carpiradialis longus

lower one-thirdof the lateralsupracondylarridge of thehumerus

dorsum of thesecondmetacarpalbone (base)

extends the wrist;abducts the hand

radial nerve radial a. works with theextensor carpiradialis brevis andflexor carpi radialisin abduction of thehand (Greek, carpi=the wrist)

extensor carpiulnaris

commonextensortendon & themiddle one-half of theposteriorborder of theulna

medial side ofthe base ofthe 5thmetacarpal

extends the wrist;adducts the hand

deep radial nerve ulnar a. works with theflexor carpi ulnarisin adduction of thehand (Greek,carpi= the wrist)

extensor digitiminimi

commonextensortendon (lateralepicondyle ofthe humerus)

joins theextensordigitorumtendon to the5th digit andinserts intothe extensorexpansion

extends themetacarpophalangeal, proximalinterphalangeal anddistal interphalangeal

joints of the 5th digit

deep radial nerve interosseousrecurrent a.

extensor digitiminimi appears tobe the ulnar-mostportion of extensordigitorum

extensordigitorum

commonextensortendon (lateralepicondyle ofthe humerus)

extensorexpansion ofdigits 2-5

extends themetacarpophalangeal, proximalinterphalangeal anddistal interphalangeal

joints of the 2nd-5th

deep radial nerve interosseousrecurrent a.and posteriorinterosseous a.

the extensorexpansion insertsvia a central bandon the base of themiddle phalanx,

while lateral &
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-digitorum.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-digiti-minimi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-carpi-ulnaris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-carpi-rad.-longus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-carpi-rad.-brevis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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digits; extends wrist medial slips inserton the distalphalanx

extensor indicis interosseousmembraneand the

posterolateralsurface of thedistal ulna

its tendon joins thetendon of the

extensordigitorum tothe seconddigit; bothtendonsinsert into theextensorexpansion

extends the indexfinger at themetacarpophalangeal

, proximalinterphalangeal anddistal interphalangeal

joints

deep radial nerve posteriorinterosseous a

extensor indicis isa deep forearmextensor, whereas

extensor digitiminimi is in thesuperficial layer ofextensors

extensorpollicis brevis

interosseousmembraneand theposteriorsurface of thedistal radius

base of theproximalphalanx ofthe thumb

extends the thumb atthemetacarpophalangeal

joint


the tendons ofextensor pollicisbrevis andabductor pollicislongus make thelateral border of theanatomicalsnuffbox, in whichthe radial arterialpulse can befelt (Latin, pollicis =the thumb)

extensorpollicis longus

interosseousmembraneand middlepart of theposterolateralsurface of theulna

base of thedistal phalanxof the thumb

extends the thumb atthe interphalangeal

joint


the tendon ofextensor pollicislongus hooksaround the dorsalradial tubercle; itforms the medialborder of theanatomicalsnuffbox, in whichthe radial arterialpulse can be
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-pollicus-longus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-pollicis-brevis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/extensor-indicus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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flexor digitorumsuperficialis

humeroulnarhead: commonflexor tendon;radial head:middle 1/3 ofradius

shafts of themiddlephalanges ofdigits 2-5

flexes themetacarpophalangealand proximalinterphalangeal joints

median nerve ulnar a. median nervetravels distally inthe forearm on thedeep surface of theflexor digitorumsuperficialis m.

flexor pollicisbrevis flexorretinaculum,trapezium

proximalphalanx ofthe 1st digit

flexes thecarpometacarpal andmetacarpophalangeal

joints of the thumb

recurrent branchof the mediannerve

superficialpalmar br. ofthe radial a.

flexor pollicisbrevis, abductorpollicis brevis, andopponens pollicisare the threemuscles of thethenarcompartment of thehand (Latin, pollicis= the thumb)

flexor pollicislongus

anteriorsurface ofradius andinterosseousmembrane

base of thedistal phalanxof the thumb

flexes themetacarpophalangealand interphalangeal

joints of the thumb

median nerve anteriorinterosseous a.

the tendon of flexorpollicis longuspasses through thecarpal tunnel withthe other longdigital flexortendons and themediannerve (Latin,pollicis = the

thumb) infraspinatus infraspinatous

fossagreatertubercle ofthe humerus(middle facet)

laterally rotates thearm

suprascapularnerve

suprascapulara.

infraspinatus,supraspinatus,teres minor andsubscapularis arethe rotator cuffmuscles
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/infraspinatus-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/flexor-pollicus-longus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/flexor-pollicus-brevis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/flexor-digit.-superficialis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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interosseous,dorsal (hand)

four muscles,each arisingfrom twoadjacentmetacarpalshafts

base of theproximalphalanx andthe extensorexpansion onlateral side ofthe 2nd digit,lateral &medial sidesof the 3rddigit, andmedial side ofthe 4th digit


joint, extend theproximal and distalinterphalangeal jointsof digits 2-4, abductdigits 2-4 (abductionof digits in the hand isdefined as movementaway from themidline of the 3rddigit)


dorsal andpalmarmetacarpal aa.

bipennate muscles;remember DAB &PAD - Dorsalinterosseous mm.ABduct and Palmarinterosseous mm.ADduct - then youcan figure outwhere they mustinsert to causetheseactions (Latin, inter= between + os =bone)

interosseous,palmar

four muscles,arising from

the palmarsurface of theshafts ofmetacarpals 1,2, 4, & 5 (the1st palmarinterosseousis often fusedwith theadductorpollicis m.)

base of theproximal

phalanx andextensorexpansion ofthe medialside of digits1 & 2, andlateral side ofdigits 4 & 5

flexes themetacarpophalangeal

, extends proximaland distalinterphalangeal jointsand adducts digits 1,2, 4, & 5 (adductionof the digits of thehand is in referenceto the midline of the3rd digit)


palmarmetacarpal aa.

unipennatemuscles;

remember PAD &DAB: Palmarinterossei ADductand Dorsalinterossei ABduct,and you will beable to figure outwhere they mustinsert (Latin, inter =between + os =bone)

latissimus dorsi vertebralspines from T7to the sacrum,posterior thirdof the iliaccrest, lower 3or 4 ribs,sometimesfrom the

inferior angle

floor of theintertubercular groove

extends the arm androtates the armmedially

thoracodorsalnerve (C7,8) fromthe posterior cordof the brachialplexus

thoracodorsala.

the insertingtendon twists sothat fibersoriginating highestinsert lowest (Latin,latissimus =broadest)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/latissimus-dorsi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/interossi-of-hand.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/interossi-of-hand.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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of the scapula

levatorscapulae

transverseprocesses ofC1-C4vertebrae

medial borderof the scapulafrom thesuperiorangle to the

spine

elevates the scapula dorsal scapularnerve (C5); theupper part of themuscle receivesbranches of C3 &

C4

dorsal scapulara.

levator scapulae isnamed for itsaction (Latin,levator = to lift)

lumbrical(hand)

flexordigitorumprofundustendons ofdigits 2-5

extensorexpansion onthe radial sideof theproximalphalanx ofdigits 2-5


joints, extend theproximal and distalinterphalangeal jointsof digits 2-5

median nerve(radial 2) viapalmar digitalnerves & ulnarnerve (ulnar 2) viadeep branch

superficialpalmar arterialarch

lumbricals, arisefrom the profundustendons and havethe same pattern ofinnervation as doesthe profundusmuscle (ulnar andmedian nn. split thetask equally) (Latin,

lumbricus =earthworm)

opponens digitiminimi

hook ofhamate andflexorretinaculum

shaft of 5thmetacarpal

opposes the 5th digit ulnar nerve, deepbranch

ulnar a. opposition is arotationalmovement of the5th metacarpalaround the longaxis of its shaft;opponens digitiminimi, abductordigiti minimi, andflexor digiti minimibrevis are in thehypothenarcompartment of thehand

opponenspollicis

flexorretinaculum,trapezium

shaft of 1stmetacarpal

opposes the thumb recurrent branchof median nerve

superficialpalmar branchof the radial a.

opposition is arotationalmovement of the

1st metacarpal
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/opponens-pollicus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/opponens-digiti-minimi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lumbricals.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-scapulae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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around the longaxis of its shaft;opponens pollicis,abductor pollicisbrevis, and flexorpollicis brevis arein the thenarcompartment of thehand (Latin, pollicis= the thumb)

palmarinterosseous

four muscles,arising fromthe palmarsurface of theshafts ofmetacarpals 1,2, 4, & 5 (the1st palmarinterosseousis often fusedwith theadductorpollicis m.)

base of theproximalphalanx andextensorexpansion ofthe medialside of digits1 & 2, andlateral side ofdigits 4 & 5

flexes themetacarpophalangeal, extends proximaland distalinterphalangeal jointsand adducts digits 1,2, 4, & 5 (adductionof the digits of thehand is in referenceto the midline of the3rd digit)


palmarmetacarpal aa.

unipennatemuscles;remember PAD &DAB: Palmarinterossei ADductand Dorsalinterossei ABduct,and you will beable to figure outwhere they mustinsert (Latin, inter =between + os =bone)

palmaris brevis fasciaoverlying thehypothenar

eminence

skin of thepalm near theulnar border

of the hand

draws the skin of theulnar side of the handtoward the center of

the palm

superficial br. ofthe ulnar n.

ulnar a. palmaris brevisimproves the grasp

palmaris longus common flexortendon, fromthe medialepicondyle ofthe humerus

palmaraponeurosis

flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a. palmaris longus isabsent in about13% of forearms; itmay be present onone side only
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/palmaris-longus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/palmaris-brevis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/interossi-of-hand.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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pectoralis major medial 1/2 ofthe clavicle,manubrium &body ofsternum,costalcartilages ofribs 2-6,sometimesfrom therectus sheathof the upperabdominal wall

crest of thegreatertubercle ofthe humerus

flexes and adductsthe arm, mediallyrotates the arm

medial and lateralpectoral nerves(C5-T1)

pectoral branchof thethoracoacromial trunk

the deep fascia onits anterior surfaceshould not befused to the fasciaof the mammarygland - if it is, thisis an importantclinical signindicating breastdisease

pectoralis minor ribs 3-5 coracoidprocess ofthe scapula

draws the scapulaforward, medialward,and downward

medial pectoralnerve (C8, T1)

pectoral branchof thethoracoacromial trunk

branches of medialpectoral nerveusually piercepectoralis minor toreach thepectoralis majormuscle

pronatorquadratus

medial side ofthe anteriorsurface of thedistal one-fourth of theulna

anteriorsurface of thedistal one-fourth of theradius

pronates the forearm median nerve viathe anteriorinterosseousnerve

anteriorinterosseous a.

pronator quadratusis the deepestmuscle in the distalforearm; it workswith pronator teresand has the same

nerve supplypronator teres common flexor

tendon and(deep or ulnarhead) frommedial side ofcoronoidprocess of theulna

midpoint ofthe lateralside of theshaft of theradius

pronates the forearm median nerve ulnar a.,anterior ulnarrecurrent a.

median nervepasses betweenthe two heads oforigin of pronatorteres
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/pronator-teres.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/pronator-quadratus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/pectoralis-minor.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/pectoralis-major.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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rhomboideusmajor

spines ofvertebrae T2-T5

medial borderof the scapulainferior to thespine of thescapula

retracts, elevates androtates the scapulainferiorly

dorsal scapularnerve (C5)

dorsal scapulara.

named for itsshape

rhomboideus

minor

inferior end of

theligamentumnuchae,spines ofvertebrae C7and T1

medial border

of the scapulaat the root ofthe spine ofthe scapula

retracts, elevates and

rotates the scapulainferiorly

dorsal scapular

nerve (C5)

dorsal scapular

a

named for its

shape

serratusanterior

ribs 1-8 or 9 medial borderof the scapulaon its costal(deep)

surface

it draws the scapulaforward; the inferiorfibers rotate thescapula superiorly

long thoracicnerve (fromventral rami C5-C7)

lateral thoracica.

a lesion of longthoracic nerve willcause winging ofthe scapula (i.e.,

the medial borderof the scapula fallsaway from theposterior chest walland looks like anangel'swing) (Latin,serratus = to saw)

serratusposteriorinferior

thoracolumbarfascia, spinesof vertebraeT11-T12 andL1-L2

ribs 9-12,lateral to theangles

pulls down lower ribs branches of theventral primaryrami of spinalnerves T9-T12

lowestposteriorintercostal a.,subcostal a.,first two lumbaraa.

a respiratorymuscle, it receivesventral ramusinnervation;embryonicallyrelated to theintercostalmuscles, not thedeep backmm. (Latin, serratus= to saw)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/serratus-posterior-inferior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/serratus-anterior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lesser-rhomboid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/greater-rhomboid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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serratusposteriorsuperior

ligamentumnuchae,spines ofvertebrae C7and T1-T3

ribs 1-4,lateral to theangles

elevates the upperribs

branches of theventral primaryrami of spinalnerves T1-T4

posteriorintercostal aa.1-4

a respiratorymuscle, it receivesventral ramusinnervation;embryonicallyrelated to theintercostalmuscles, not thedeep backmm. (Latin, serratus= to saw)

subclavius first rib and itscartilage

inferiorsurface of theclavicle

draws the clavicle(and hence theshoulder) down andforward

nerve tosubclavius (C5)

clavicular br. ofthethoracoacromial trunk

it serves animportantprotective function- it cushions thesubclavian vesselsfrom bonefragments inclavicular fractures

subscapularis medial two-thirds of thecostal surfaceof the scapula(subscapularfossa)

lessertubercle ofthe humerus

medially rotates thearm; assists extentionof the arm

upper and lowersubscapularnerves (C5,6)

subscapular a. subscapularis,supraspinatus,infraspinatus, andteres minor are therotator cuffmuscles

supinator lateralepicondyle ofthe humerus,supinator crest& fossa of theulna, radialcollateralligament,annularligament

lateral side ofproximal one-third of theradius

supinates the forearm deep radial nerve recurrentinterosseous a.

deep radial nervepasses through thesupinator to reachthe posteriorcompartment of theforearm
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/supinator.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/subscapular.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/subclavius-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/serratus-posterior-superior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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supraspinatus supraspinatous fossa

greatertubercle ofthe humerus(highestfacet)

abducts the arm(initiates abduction)

suprascapularnerve (C5,6) fromthe superior trunkof the brachialplexus

suprascapulara.

supraspinatusinitiates abductionof the arm, then thedeltoid musclecompletes theaction; a memberof the rotator cuffgroup

teres major dorsal surfaceof the inferiorangle of thescapula

crest of thelessertubercle ofthe humerus

adducts the arm,medially rotates thearm, assists in armextension

lower subscapularnerve (C5,6) fromthe posterior cordof the brachialplexus

circumflexscapular a.

teres major insertsbeside the tendonof latissimus dorsi,and assistslatissimus in itsactions

teres minor upper 2/3 ofthe lateral

border of thescapula

greatertubercle of

the humerus(lowest facet)

laterally rotates thearm

axillary nerve(C5,6) from the

posterior cord ofthe brachialplexus

circumflexscapular a.

fixes the head ofthe humerus in the

glenoid fossaduring abduction &flexion of the arm;a member of therotator cuff group

trapezius medial third ofthe superiornuchal line,externaloccipitalprotuberance,ligamentumnuchae,spinousprocesses ofvertebrae C7-T12

lateral third ofthe clavicle,medial side ofthe acromionand the uppercrest of thescapularspine,tubercle ofthe scapularspine

elevates anddepresses thescapula (dependingon which part of themuscle contracts);rotates the scapulasuperiorly; retractsscapula

motor: spinalaccessory (XI),proprioception:C3-C4

transversecervical a.

named for itsshape; trapezius isan example of amuscle thatmigrates duringdevelopment fromits level of origin(cervical) to its finalposition, pulling itsnerve and arteryalong behind

triceps brachii long head:infraglenoid

tubercle of the

olecranonprocess of

the ulna

extends the forearm;the long head

extends and adducts

radial nerve deep brachial(profunda

brachii) a.

long head of thetriceps separates

the triangular and
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/triceps-brachii.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/trapezius.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/teres-minor.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/teres-major.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/supraspinatus-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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scapula;lateral head:posterolateralhumerus &lateralintermuscularseptum;medial head:posteromedialsurface of theinferior 1/2 ofthe humerus

arm quadrangularspaces (teresmajor, teres minorand the humerusare the otherboundaries); allthree heads oforigin insert by acommon tendon

Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

anterior scalene anteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C3-C6

scalene tubercleof the first rib

elevates the firstrib; flexes andlaterally bendsthe neck

brachial plexus,C5-C7

ascendingcervical a., abranch of thethyrocervicaltrunk

a muscle ofinspiration; animportantlandmark of theneck; it is locatedbetween thesubclavian veinand thesubclavian artery;

the roots of thebrachial plexuspass posterior toit; the phrenicnerve crosses itsanteriorsurface (Greek,scalene =uneven)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/anterior-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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aryepiglottic apex (superiorpart) of thearytenoidcartilage

epiglottis draws theepiglottisposteriorly anddownward duringswallowing

inferiorlaryngealnerve, fromrecurrentlaryngealnerve, a branchof the of vagus(X)

laryngeal br. ofthe superiorthyroid a.

the mucosa israised by theunderlyingaryepiglottic m. toform thearyepiglottic fold

arytenoid, oblique muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

posterior surfaceof thecontralateralarytenoidcartilage, near itsapex

draws arytenoidcartilagestogether,adducting thevocal folds



the obliquearytenoid m. liesposterior to thetransversearytenoid m.; thearytenoideus isoften consideredto be one musclewith oblique andtransverse fibers(

arytenoid,transverse

posteriorsurface of thearytenoidcartilage

posterior surfaceof thecontralateralarytenoidcartilage


inferiorlaryngealnerve, fromrecurrentlaryngealnerve, a branchof the vagus

nerve (X)


the transversearytenoid m.liesanterior to theoblique arytenoidm.; thearytenoideus isoften considered

to be one musclewith oblique andtransverse parts

auricular anterior: galeaaponeuroticaanterior to ear;superior: galeaaponeuroticasuperior to ear;posterior:mastoid process

auricle anteriorly,superiorly andposteriorly

wiggle the ears anterior &superior:temporalbranches offacial nerve(VII); posterior:posteriorauricular

superficialtemporal a.,posteriorauricular a.

the auricularmuscles arederived from themesenchyme ofthe secondpharyngeal arch,as are themuscles of facial
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/auricular.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/transverse-arytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/oblique-arytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/aryepiglottic.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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branch of facialnerve (VII)

expression

buccinator pterygomandibular raphe,mandible, andthe maxillalateral to themolar teeth

angle of mouthand the lateralportion of theupper and lowerlips

pulls the corner ofmouth laterally;presses thecheek against theteeth

buccalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)

facial a. although thebuccinator isimportant inmastication, it isinnervated by thebuccal branch ofthe facial nerveand NOT by thebuccal nervefrom V3 (asensorynerve) (Latin,buccinator =trumpeter)

chondroglossus medial side ofthe lesser hornand body of thehyoid bone

ascends to blendwith the intrinsictonguemusculature

pulls the sides ofthe tongue down hypoglossalnerve (XII) lingual a. chondroglossusis oftenconsidered to bepart of thehyoglossusmuscle

ciliary meridionalfibers: scleralspur; circularfibers: encirclethe ciliaryprocess

meridional fibers:ciliary process;circular fibers:encircle theciliary process

relaxes thesuspensoryligament of thelens

parasympathetic fibers in theoculomotornerve (III),synapsing inthe ciliaryganglion

ophthalmic a. relaxation of thesuspensoryligament allowsthe lens tothicken foraccommodation(near vision)

constrictor,inferiorpharyngeal

oblique line ofthe thyroidcartilage, lateralsurface ofcricoid cartilage

midlinepharyngealraphe

constrictspharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), viathe pharyngealplexus, with aidfrom thesuperiorlaryngeal and

recurrent

ascendingpharyngeal a.,superior thyroida., inferior thyroida.

the most externalof the threepharyngealconstructor mm.
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/ciliary-muscles.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/chondroglossus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/buccinator-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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laryngealnerves

constrictor,middlepharyngeal

lesser andgreater horns ofthe hyoid boneand the inferiorpart of thestylohyoidligament


constricts thepharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), viathe pharyngealplexus

ascendingpharyngeal a.

of the threepharyngealconstrictors, thisone isintermediate inbothsuperior/inferiorposition anddepth

constrictor,superiorpharyngeal

medial pterygoidplate, pterygoidhamulus,pterygomandibular raphe,

mylohyoid lineof mandible

pharyngealtubercle andmidlinepharyngealraphe




the most internalof the threepharyngealconstructor mm.

corrugator medial part ofthe supercillaryarch

skin of themedial half of theeyebrow

pulls eyebrowstogether medially

temporalbranch of thefacial nerve(VII)

supratrochlear a. this musclecauses thefurrowed brow ofthe worriedlook (Latin,corrugator= towrinkle)

cricoarytenoid,lateral arch of thecricoid cartilage muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

draws themuscular processof the arytenoidcartilageanteriorly, whichpivots thearytenoidcartilage andadducts the vocalfolds

inferiorlaryngealnerve, from therecurrentlaryngealnerve, a branchof the vagusnerve (X)

superiorlaryngeal a.,cricothyroidbranch of thesuperior thyroida.

an antagonist ofthe posteriorcricoarytenoid m.;the arteries thatsupply the larynxanastomosewithin the larynxto supply themucousmembranes and

muscles
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-cricoarytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/corrugator.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/middle-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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depressor angulioris

oblique line ofthe mandible

angle of themouth

pulls the corner ofthe mouthdownward

marginalmandibular &buccalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)

inferior labialbranch of thefacial a., mentala.

a "frown" muscle

depressor labiiinferioris

anterior surfaceof the mandible

skin of the lowerlip

depresses thelower lip

marginalmandibularbranch of thefacial nerve(VII)

inferior labialbranch of thefacial a., mentala.

this muscle isused to bare thelower incisorteeth

depressor septi maxilla near themidline abovethe incisor teeth

nasal septum depresses thenasal septum;involved in flaringthe nostrils

buccal branchof facial nerve(VII)

superior labialbranch of thefacial a.

depressor septi isconsidered a partof the nasalis m.

digastric anterior belly:digastric fossaof the mandible;posterior belly:mastoid notch ofthe temporalbone

body of the hyoidvia a fibrous loopover anintermediatetendon

elevates thehyoid bone;depresses themandible

anterior belly:mylohyoidnerve, from themandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V);posterior belly:facial nerve(VII)

anterior belly:submental a.;posterior belly:occipital a.

the digastric m.forms two sidesof thesubmandibulartriangle; it isformed frommesenchymederived from thefirst twopharyngealarches, hence itsdual innervation

dilator pupillae outer margin ofiris

inner margin ofiris

dilates the pupil sympatheticfibers via shortciliary nerves,synapsing insuperiorcervicalsympatheticganglion

ophthalmic a. none
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/dilator-pupillae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/diagastric.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/depressor-septi-nasi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/depressor-labii-inferioris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/depressor-anguli-oris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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epicranius frontalis: galeaaponeurotica;occipitalis:superior nuchalline

frontalis: skin ofthe eyebrows;occipitalis: galeaaponeurotica

elevates theeyebrows andwrinkles theforehead

frontalis:temporalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII);occipitalis:posterior

auricularbranch of thefacial nerve(VII)

frontalis:supraorbital andsupratrochlearaa.; occipitalis:occipital a.

the frontalis andoccipitalismuscles are twobellies of theepicraniusmuscle; alsoknown as:

occipitofrontalism.

frontalis galeaaponeurotica

skin of theeyebrow


temporalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)

supraorbital andsupratrochlearaa.

frontalis is theanterior belly ofthe epicraniusmuscle

genioglossus mental spine on

the inner aspectof the mentalsymphysis

fans out to insert

into the tonguefrom the tip tothe base

protrudes the

tongue (inferiorfibers); depressestongue (middlefibers)

hypoglossal

nerve (XII)

lingual a. an extrinsic

muscle of thetongue; XIIinnervates alltongue musclesexceptpalatoglossus[innervated byvagus (X), as aremost of thepalate and

pharynxmuscles];genioglossus isused to test thefunction of cranialnerve XII

geniohyoid mental spines ofthe mandible

body of the hyoidbone

elevates thehyoid bone;depresses themandible

ventral primaryramus of spinalnerve C1 viafibers carriedby the

lingual a.,submental a.

thyrohyoid andgeniohyoidreceive ansacervicalis fibersthat travel with
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/genohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/genioglossus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/frontalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/epicranius.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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hypoglossalnerve

the hypoglossalnerve distal to thesuperior limb ofthe ansacervicalis

hyoglossus upper border ofthe greater hornof the hyoid andbody of thehyoid bone

spreads out intothe intrinsicmuscles of thetongue

depresses thesides of thetongue; retractsthe tongue

hypoglossalnerve (XII)

lingual a. an extrinsicmuscle of thetongue

inferior oblique floor of the orbitlateral to thelacrimal groove

sclera on theinferior surfaceof the eyeball

elevates andabducts thecorneal part ofthe eye; rotatesthe superior poleof the iris

laterally; whenthe eye isadducted, thismuscle elevatesthe cornea

oculomotornerve (III),inferior division

ophthalmic a. cliniciansexamining theeye will ask thepatient to looktoward the bridgeof the nose to

test the functionof this muscle

inferiorpharyngealconstrictor

oblique line ofthe thyroidcartilage, lateralsurface ofcricoid cartilage


constrictspharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), viathe pharyngealplexus, with aidfrom thesuperiorlaryngeal andrecurrentlaryngealnerves

ascendingpharyngeal a.,superior thyroida., inferior thyroida.

the most externalof the threepharyngealconstructor mm.

inferior rectus commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit


depresses andadducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball;rotates the

superior pole of


ophthalmic a. because thismuscleapproaches theeyeball from amedial direction,

it has a rotational
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-oblique.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/hyoglossus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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the iris laterally action on the iris

lateralcricoarytenoid

arch of thecricoid cartilage

muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

draws themuscular processof the arytenoidcartilageanteriorly, whichpivots thearytenoidcartilage andadducts the vocalfolds



an antagonist ofthe posteriorcricoarytenoid m.;the arteries thatsupply the larynxanastomosewithin the larynxto supply themucousmembranes andmuscles

lateral pterygoid superior head:greater wing ofthe sphenoidbone; inferior

head: lateralsurface of thelateral pterygoidplate

superior head:capsule and &articular disk ofthe

temporomandibular joint; inferiorhead: neck ofthe mandible

protracts themandible; opensthe mouth; activein grinding

actions ofchewing

lateralpterygoidbranch of themandibular

division of thetrigeminalnerve (V)

pterygoid branchof the maxillary a.

the only one ofthe muscles ofmastication thatopens the mouth;

the superior headof lateralpterygoid issometimes calledsphenomeniscusdue to itsinsertion into thedisc of thetemporomandibular joint (Greek,

pterygoid = wing-shaped)

lateral rectus commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit

sclera on thelateral surface ofthe eyeball

abducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball

abducensnerve (VI)

ophthalmic a. loss of function ofthe abducensnerve will causethe eye to beabducted

levator anguli oris canine fossa ofthe maxilla

angle (corner) ofthe mouth

elevates theangle of the

mouth

buccal branchof the facial

nerve (VII)

infraorbital a.,superior labial

branch of the

a "smile" muscle
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-cricoarytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-anguli-oris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-pterygoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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facial a.

levator labiisuperioris

inferior marginof the orbit

skin of the upperlip

elevates theupper lip

buccal branchof the facialnerve (VII)

infraorbital a.,superior labialbranch of thefacial a.

levator labiisuperioris is usedto bare the upperincisor teeth, asin a sneer (Latin,levator = to lift +labial = lips)

levator labiisuperioris alaquenasi

frontal processof the maxilla

ala of the noseand skin of theupper lip

elevates theupper lip andflares the nostril


infraorbital a.,superior labialbranch of thefacial a.

(Latin, levator =to lift + labial =lips)

levator palpebraesuperioris

apex of the orbitabove the opticcanal

skin and fasciaof upper eyelidand the superiortarsal plate

elevates theupper eyelid

oculomotornerve (III) andsympathetics(to the superiortarsal portion)

ophthalmic a. fibers insertinginto the superiortarsal plate arecalled superiortarsal muscle andare smoothmuscle; lesion ofthe sympatheticsupply causesslight ptosis(drooping of theeyelid) (Latin,levator = to lift +palpebrae =eyelid)

levator scapulae transverseprocesses ofC1-4 vertebrae

medial border ofthe scapula fromthe superiorangle to thespine

elevates scapula dorsal scapularnerve (C5); theupper part ofthe musclereceivesbranches of C3& C4 spinalnerves

dorsal scapulara.

named for itsaction (Latin,levator = to lift)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-scapulae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-palpebrae-superiori.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-labii-superioris-al.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-labii-superioris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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levator velipalatini

apex of thepetrous part ofthe temporalbone and themedial surfaceof the auditorytube cartilage

muscles andfascia of the softpalate; palatineaponeurosis

elevates the softpalate

vagus nerve(X) via thepharyngealplexus


a derivative of thefourth pharyngealarch (Latin,levator = to lift)

linguae,longitudinalis

within tongue within tonguenear the apex

shapes thetongue forspeech andmastication


lingual a. an intrinsicmuscle of thetongue;longitudinalis hassuperior andinferiorsubdivisions thatspan the lengthof the tongue

linguae,transversus within tongue within tongue compresses thesides of thetongue; shapesthe tongue forspeech andmastication

hypoglossalnerve (XII) lingual a. an intrinsicmuscle of thetongue whosefibers runtransversely

linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue shapes thetongue forspeech andmastication


lingual a. an intrinsicmuscle of thetongue whosefibers runsuperoinferiorly

longus capitis anteriortubercles ofvertebrae C3-6

basilar portion ofthe occipitalbone

flex the head andneck

cervical plexus,ventral primaryrami of spinalnerves C1-4

deep cervical a. none

longus colli anteriortubercles andanteriorsurfaces of the

bodies of

anterior arch ofatlas, anteriortubercles of C5-6, anterior

surfaces of

flex neck, rotateand laterally bendneck

cervical andbrachial plexus,C2-7

http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/longus-colli-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/longus-capitis-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/linguae-verticalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/transverse-linguae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/linguae-longitudinalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/levator-veli-palatini.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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vertebrae C3-T3 bodies ofvertebrae C2-4

masseter zygomatic archand zygomaticbone

lateral surface ofthe ramus andangle of themandible

elevates themandible

nerve to themasseter, fromthe mandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)

massetericbranch of themaxillary a.

(Greek, masseter= the chewer)

medial pterygoid medial surfaceof the lateralpterygoid plate,pyramidalprocess of thepalatine bone,tuberosity of themaxilla

medial surface ofthe ramus andangle of themandible

elevates andprotracts themandible

medialpterygoidbranch of themandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)


this musclemirrors themasseter m. inposition andaction with theramus of themandiblebetween the two

mm. (Greek,pterygoid = wing-shaped)

medial rectus commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit

sclera on themedial surface ofthe eyeball

adducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball

oculomotornerve (III)(inferiordivision)

ophthalmic a. this muscledirectly opposesthe action of thelateral rectus m.

mentalis anterior surfaceof the mandible

near the mentalsymphysis(midline)

skin of the chin elevates thelower lip and skin

of chin

marginalmandibular

branch of thefacial nerve(VII)

mental a., inferiorlabial branch of

the facial a.

middlepharyngealconstrictor

lesser andgreater horns ofthe hyoid boneand the inferiorpart of thestylohyoidligament





of the threepharyngealconstrictors, thisone isintermediate inbothsuperior/inferior

position and
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/middle-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/mentalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/medial-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/medial-pterygoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/masseter-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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depth

middle scalene posteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C2-C7

upper surface ofthe first ribbehind thesubclavian artery



ascendingcervical a.

a muscle ofrespiration(inspiratory); alsocalled scalenusmedius;penetrated by thedorsal scapular n.and long thoracicn. (Greek,scalene =uneven)

musculus uvulae posterior nasalspine

mucosa of theuvula

shortens theuvula

vagus nerve(X) viapharyngealplexus

lesser palatine a. the soft palateand uvula resistthe upwardpressure of the

tongue duringswallowing

mylohyoid mylohyoid lineof mandible

midline rapheand body of thehyoid bone

elevates thehyoid bone andthe tongue;depresses themandible

mylohyoidnerve from theinferior alveolarnerve, a branchof themandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)

mylohyoid branchof the inferioralveolar a.

the nerve tomylohyoid alsoinnervates theanterior belly ofdigastric m.; bothmuscles arederivatives of thesecondpharygneal arch

nasalis maxilla abovethe incisor teethand the canineteeth

ala of the noseand midlineaponeurosis

flattens the nose,flare the nostrils



nasalis has twosubsidiary parts:nasalis parsalaris and parstransversa

nasalis parsalaris

maxilla abovethe canine teeth

ala of the nose flares the nostrils buccal branchof facial nerve(VII)


a subdivision ofthe nasalism. (Latin, pars = a

part)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/nasalis-alares.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/nasalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/mylohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/musculus-uvulae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/middle-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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nasalis parstransversa

maxilla abovethe incisor teeth

midlineaponeurosis

flattens the nose buccal branchof facial nerve(VII)


a subdivision ofthe nasalism. (Latin, pars = apart)

oblique arytenoid muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

posterior surfaceof thecontralateralarytenoidcartilage, near itsapex




the obliquearytenoid m. liesposterior to thetransversearytenoid m.; thearytenoideus isoften consideredto be one musclewith oblique andtransverse fibers

oblique, inferior floor of the orbitlateral to the

lacrimal groove

sclera on theinferior surface

of the eyeball

elevates andabducts the

corneal part ofthe eye; rotatesthe superior poleof the irislaterally; whenthe eye isadducted, thismuscle elevatesthe cornea

oculomotornerve (III),

inferior division

ophthalmic a. cliniciansexamining the

eye will ask thepatient to looktoward the bridgeof the nose totest the functionof this muscle

oblique, superior apex of the orbitabove the opticcanal

sclera on theposteriorsuperior surfaceof the eyeball

depresses andabducts theeyeball; rotatesthe superior poleof the irismedially

trochlear nerve(IV)

ophthalmic a. passes through afibrocartilagenouspulley known asthe trochlea;when the eye isadducted, thismuscle movesthe corneainferiorly

occipitalis superior nuchalline

galeaaponeurotica

pulls the scalpposteriorly;

posteriorauricular

occipital a. occipitalis is theposterior belly of
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/occipitalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-oblique.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-oblique.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/oblique-arytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/nasalis-transversa.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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elevates theeyebrows

branch of thefacial nerve(VII)

the epicraniusmuscle

occipitofrontalis frontalis: galeaaponeurotica;occipitalis:superior nuchalline

frontalis: skin ofthe eyebrows;occipitalis: galeaaponeurotica


frontalis:temporalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII);occipitalis:posteriorauricularbranch of thefacial nerve(VII)

frontalis:supraorbital andsupratrochlearaa.; occipitalis:occipital a.

the frontalis andoccipitalismuscles are twobellies of theoccipitofrontalismuscle; alsoknown as:epicranius m.

omohyoid inferior belly:upper border of

the scapulamedial to thescapular notch;superior belly:intermediatetendon

inferior belly:intermediate

tendon; superiorbelly: lowerborder of thehyoid bonelateral to thesternohyoidinsertion

depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone

ansa cervicalis transversecervical a.

the intermediatetendon of

omohyoid istethered to theclavicle by afascial sling

orbicularis oculi orbital part:medial orbitalmargin and themedial palpebralligament;palpebral part:medial palpebralligament

orbital part: skinof the lateralcheek; palpebralpart: lateralpalpebral raphe

closes the eyelids temporal &zygomaticbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)

supraorbital a.,supratrochlear a.,infraorbital a.,angular branch ofthe facial a.

activatedinvoluntarily inthe blink reflex;the palpebral partis active innormal blinkingand the orbitalpart is used toforcefully closethe eye

orbicularis oris skin and fasciaof lips and thearea

skin and fasciaof the lips

purses the lips buccal branchof the facialnerve (VII)

superior andinferior labialbranches of the

the "kissing"muscle
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/orbicularis-oris.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/orbicularis-oculi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/omohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/occipitofrontalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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surrounding thelips

facial a., mentala., infraorbital a.

palatoglossus palatineaponeurosis

side of thetongue, enteringit from above

elevates andretracts thetongue


tonsilar branch ofthe facial a.,ascendingpharyngeal a.

althoughpalatoglossussounds like atongue muscle(and wouldtherefore beinnervated byXII), it is a palatalmuscleinnervated by X

palatopharyngeus

posterior marginof the bonypalate and thepalatine

aponeurosis

posterior wall ofthe pharynx andthe posteriormargin of the

thyroid cartilage

elevates thelarynx

vagus nerve(X) viapharyngealplexus


palatopharyngeus is part of theinner longitudinalmuscle layer of

the pharynxplatysma fascia overlying

the pectoralismajor anddeltoid muscles

inferior border ofthe mandibleand skin of lowerface

draws the cornersof the mouthdown; it aids indepression of themandible

cervical branchof the facialnerve (VII)

facial a. platysma isderived from themesenchyme ofthe secondpharyngealarch (Greek,platysma = a flatplate)

posteriorcricoarytenoid posteriorsurface of thelamina of thecricoid cartilage

muscularprocess of thearytenoidcartilage

draws themuscular processposteriorly, whichpivots thearytenoidcartilage andabducts the vocalfolds



the posteriorcricoarytenoid isthe only ABductorof the vocal folds;the arteries thatsupply the larynxanastomosewithin the larynxto supply themucousmembranes and
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/posterior-cricoarytenoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/platysma.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/palatopharyngeus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/palatoglossus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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muscles

posterior scalene posteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C5-C7

lateral surface ofthe second rib

elevates thesecond rib; flexesand laterallybends the neck



a muscle ofrespiration(inspiratory); it isthe longest of thescalenemuscles (Greek,scalene =uneven)

procerus nasal bone skin between theeyebrows

depresses themedial corners ofthe eyebrows

temporalbranch of thefacial nerve(VII)

supratrochlear a. (Latin, procerus =long andstreched out)

pterygoid, lateral superior head:greater wing ofthe sphenoidbone; inferiorhead: lateralsurface of thelateral pterygoidplate

superior head:capsule and &articular disk ofthetemporomandibular joint; inferiorhead: neck ofthe mandible

protracts themandible; opensthe mouth; activein grindingactions ofchewing

lateralpterygoidbranch of themandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)


the only one ofthe muscles ofmastication thatopens the mouth;the superior headof lateralpterygoid issometimes calledsphenomeniscusdue to itsinsertion into thedisc of thetemporomandibular joint (Greek,pterygoid = wing-shaped)

pterygoid, medial medial surfaceof the lateralpterygoid plate,pyramidalprocess of thepalatine bone,tuberosity of the

medial surface ofthe ramus andangle of themandible

elevates andprotracts themandible



this musclemirrors themasseter m. inposition andaction with theramus of themandible
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/medial-pterygoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-pterygoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/proceus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/posterior-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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maxilla between the twomm. (Greek,pterygoid = wing-shaped)

pupillae, dilator outer margin ofiris

inner margin ofiris

dilates the pupil sympatheticfibers via shortciliary nerves,synapsing insuperiorcervicalsympatheticganglion

ophthalmic a. none

pupillae,sphincter

encircles iris encircles iris constricts thepupil

parasympathetic fibers ofoculomotornerve (III),

synapsing inciliary ganglion

ophthalmic a. none

rectus capitisanterior

lateral mass ofatlas

basilar portion ofoccipital bone

flexes the head ventral primaryramus of spinalnerve C1


rectus capitislateralis

transverseprocess of atlas

occipital boneanterolateral toforamenmagnum

laterally bendsthe head

ventral primaryramus of spinalnerve C1


rectus, inferior commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit


depresses andadducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball;rotates thesuperior pole ofthe iris laterally


ophthalmic a. because thismuscleapproaches theeyeball from amedial direction,it has a rotationalaction on the iris

rectus, lateral commontendinous ringat the apex of

sclera on thelateral surface ofthe eyeball

abducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball

abducensnerve (VI)

ophthalmic a. loss of function ofthe abducensnerve will cause
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/lateral-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/inferior-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/rectus-capitus-lateralis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/rectus-capitus-anterior.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sphincter-pupillae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/dilator-pupillae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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the orbit the eye to beabducted

rectus, medial commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit

sclera on themedial surface ofthe eyeball

adducts thecorneal part ofthe eyeball

oculomotornerve (III)(inferiordivision)

ophthalmic a. this muscledirectly opposesthe action of thelateral rectus m.

rectus, superior commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit

sclera on thesuperior surfaceof the eyeball

elevates andadducts theeyeball; rotatesthe superior poleof the irismedially

oculomotornerve (III),superiordivision

ophthalmic a. because thismuscleapproaches theeye from amedial position, itcauses the iris torotate medially

risorius fascia of thelateral cheek

skin of the angle(corner) of themouth

draws the cornerof the mouthlaterally

buccalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)

transverse faciala., facial a.

risorius is activein expressions ofmirth (Latin,risorius = tolaugh)

salpingopharyngeus

inferior surfaceof theanteromedialend of theauditory tubecartilage

pharyngeal walland superiorborder of thethyroid cartilagealong with thepalatopharyngeus m.

elevates thelarynx



like othermuscles of thepharyngeal wall,salpingopharyngeus is derived fromthe fourthpharyngeal arch

scalene, anterior anteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C3-C6

scalene tubercleof the first rib



ascendingcervical a., abranch of thethyrocervicaltrunk

a muscle ofinspiration; animportantlandmark of theneck; it is locatedbetween thesubclavian veinand thesubclavian artery;the roots of the

brachial plexus
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/anterior-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/salpingohayrguis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/risorus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/medial-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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pass posterior toit; the phrenicnerve crosses itsanteriorsurface (Greek,scalene =uneven)

scalene, middle posteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C2-C7

upper surface ofthe first ribbehind thesubclavian artery




a muscle ofrespiration(inspiratory); alsocalled scalenusmedius;penetrated by thedorsal scapular n.and long thoracicn. (Greek,scalene =uneven)

scalene, posterior posteriortubercles of thetransverseprocesses ofvertebrae C5-C7

lateral surface ofthe second rib

elevates thesecond rib; flexesand laterallybends the neck



a muscle ofrespiration(inspiratory); it isthe longest of thescalenemuscles (Greek,scalene =uneven)

sphenomeniscus greater wing ofthe sphenoid

capsule andarticular disk ofthetemporomandibular joint

pulls the articulardisk forward inopening of themouth

lateralpterygoidbranch ofmandibulardivision oftrigeminalnerve (V)


sphenomeniscusis another namefor the superiorbelly of the lateralpterygoid m.

sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris constricts thepupil

parasympathetic fibers ofoculomotor

ophthalmic a. none
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sphenomeniscus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sphincter-pupillae.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/posterior-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/middle-scalene.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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nerve (III),synapsing inciliary ganglion

splenius ligamentumnuchae andspines C7-T6

capitis: mastoidprocess &superior nuchalline laterally;cervicis:posteriortubercles of C1-3

extends andlaterally bendsneck and head;rotates head tosame side

dorsal primaryrami of spinalnerves C2-6

suppliedsegmentally by:deep cervical a.,posteriorintercostal aa.

it gets its namefrom its broad,flatshape (Greek,splenius = abandage)

stapedius walls of thepyramidaleminence

neck of thestapes

dampensvibration of thestapes

facial nerve(VII)

anterior tympanica.

entirely enclosedin bone, exceptfor its tendon; aderivative of thesecondpharyngeal arch

sternocleidomastoid

sternal head:anterior surfaceof themanubrium;clavicular head:medial 1/3rd ofthe clavicle

mastoid processand lateral 1/2 ofthe superiornuchal line

draws themastoid processdown toward thesame side whichcauses the chinto turn up towardthe opposite side;acting together,the muscles ofthe two sides flexthe neck

spinalaccessorynerve (XI), withsensory supplyfrom C2 & C3(forproprioception)

sternocleidomastoid branch of theoccipital a.

carotid sheathstructures liedeep to it

sternohyoid posteriorsurfaces of boththe manubriumand sternal endof the clavicle

lower border ofthe hyoid bone,medial to theomohyoid m.insertion


ansa cervicalis superior thyroida.

sternohyoidoverlies thesternothyroid andthyrohyoid mm.

sternothyroid posteriorsurface of themanubrium

below the origin

oblique line ofthe thyroidcartilage


ansa cervicalis superior thyroida.

sternothyroid liesdeep to thesternohyoid m.
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sternothyroid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sternohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/sternocleidomastoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/stapedius-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/splenius.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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of thesternohyoid m.

styloglossus anterior side ofthe styloidprocess

posterolateralside of thetongue

retracts andelevates thetongue


ascendingpharyngeal a.,ascendingpalatine branchof the facial a.

an extrinsicmuscle of thetongue

stylohyoid posterior side ofthe styloidprocess

splits around theintermediatetendon of thedigastric m. toinsert on thebody of the hyoidbone

elevates andretracts the hyoidbone

facial nerve(VII)


facial nerveinnervates boththe stylohyoid m.and the posteriorbelly of thedigastric m.shortly afterexiting from thestylomastoid

foramenstylopharyngeus medial side of

the styloidprocess

superior borderof the thyroidcartilage andalso into thepharyngeal wall

elevates thelarynx

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)


stylopharyngeus,the only muscleinnervated by IX,is the onlymuscle of thepharyngeal wallNOT innervatedby the vagus (X)nerve; it is a

derivative of thethird pharyngealarch

superior oblique apex of the orbitabove the opticcanal

sclera on theposteriorsuperior surfaceof the eyeball

depresses andabducts theeyeball; rotatesthe superior poleof the irismedially

trochlear nerve(IV)

ophthalmic a. passes through afibrocartilagenouspulley known asthe trochlea;when the eye isadducted, thismuscle moves
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-oblique.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/stylopharygeus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/stylohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/styloglossis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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the corneainferiorly

superiorpharyngealconstrictor

medial pterygoidplate, pterygoidhamulus,pterygomandibular raphe,mylohyoid lineof mandible

pharyngealtubercle andmidlinepharyngealraphe




the most internalof the threepharyngealconstructor mm.

superior rectus commontendinous ringat the apex ofthe orbit

sclera on thesuperior surfaceof the eyeball

elevates andadducts theeyeball; rotatesthe superior poleof the irismedially

oculomotornerve (III),superiordivision

ophthalmic a. because thismuscleapproaches theeye from amedial position, itcauses the iris torotate medially

temporalis temporal fossaand thetemporal fascia

coronoid processof the mandibleand the anteriorsurface of theramus of themandible

elevates themandible; retractsthe mandible(posterior fibers)

anterior andposterior deeptemporalnerves from themandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)

anterior andposterior deeptemporal aa.

a powerfulchewing muscle;a derivative of thefirst pharyngealarch

tensor tympani cartilagenousauditory tubeand the greaterwing of thesphenoid bonewhich liesadjacent to it

manubrium ofthe malleus

dampensvibrations of thetympanicmembrane


superiortympanic branchof the middlemeningeal a.

V3 innervatesboth tensormuscles of thehead (tympaniand veli palatini)which arederivatives of thefirst pharyngealarch (Latin,tympanum = akettle drum)
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/tensor-tympani-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/temporalis.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-rectus.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/superior-constrictor-mm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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tensor velipalatini

scaphoid fossa,lateral wall ofthe auditorytube cartilage

palatineaponeurosis

opens theauditory tube;tenses the softpalate

mandibulardivision of thetrigeminalnerve (V)


remember: V3innervates bothtensor muscles(tympani and velipalatini); ALLother palatalmuscles are

innervated byvagus

thyroarytenoid inner surface ofthe thyroidcartilageanteriorly

lateral border ofthe arytenoidcartilage

draws thearytenoidcartilage forward,relaxing andadducting thevocal folds

inferiorlaryngealnerve, fromrecurrentlaryngealnerve, a branchof the vagusnerve (X)

laryngeal branchof the superiorthyroid a.

its subsidiaryparts are thethyroepiglottic m.and the vocalism.; the medialmost fibers ofthyroarytenoidthat insert alongthe vocalligament arecalled the vocalismuscle

thyroepiglottic inner surface ofthe thyroidcartilage nearthe laryngealprominence

lateral surface ofthe epiglotticcartilage

draws theepiglotticcartilagedownward

inferiorlaryngealnerve, fromrecurrentlaryngeal

nerve, a branchof the vagusnerve (X)

laryngeal branchof the superiorthyroid a.

represents thesuperior fibers ofthyroarytenoidmuscle which fanout to the

quadrangularmembrane andepiglottis

thyrohyoid oblique line ofthe thyroidcartilage

lower border ofthe hyoid bone

elevates thelarynx;depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone

ansa cervicalis(via fibersrunning withthe hypoglossalnerve thatleave XII distalto the superior

limb of ansa)

superior thyroida.

thyrohyoid liesdeep to thesternohyoid
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/thyrohyoid.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/thyroepiglottic-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/thyroarytenoid-muscle.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/tensor-veli-palatini.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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the mechanismfor fine tuning thevibrations of thevocal folds

zygomaticusmajor

upper lateralsurface of thezygomatic bone

skin of the angleof the mouth

elevates anddraws the cornerof the mouthlaterally

zygomatic andbuccalbranches of thefacial nerve(VII)


a "smile" muscle

zygomaticusminor

lower surface ofthe zygomaticbone

lateral part of theupper lip

elevates theupper lip



a "smile" muscle

Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

diaphragm xiphoid process,costal margin,fascia over thequadratuslumborum andpsoas majormm.(lateral &medial arcuateligaments),vertebral bodiesL1-L3

central tendonof thediaphragm

pushes theabdominalviscera inferiorly,increasing thevolume of thethoracic cavity(inspiration)

phrenic nerve(C3-C5)

musculophrenica., superiorphrenic a., inferiorphrenic a.

left crus attaches to theL1-L2 vertebral bodies,the right crus attachesto the L1-L3 vertebralbodies

externalintercostal

lower border of arib within anintercostal space

upper borderof the ribbelow,coursing,downward andmedially

keeps theintercostal spacefrom blowing outor sucking induringrespiration

intercostalnerves (T1-T11)

intercostal a. 11 in number; theyextend from thetubercle of the rib to thecostochondral junction;continuous with theexternal intercostalmembrane anteriorly
http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/intercostalis-externi.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/diaphragm.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/zygomaticus-minor.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)http://launchcenter%28%27../images/muscles/zygomaticus-major.jpg',%20'left',%20600,%20740)


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innermostintercostal

upper borders of arib

fibers courseup andmedially toinsert on theinferior marginof the ribabove



intercostal a. innermost intercostalmm. have the samefiber direction as theinternal intercostalmm., the onlydifference being thatthey lie deep to the

intercostalneurovascular bundle

internalintercostal

upper border of arib

lower borderof rib above,coursing upand medially



intercostal a. 11 in number; theyextend from the marginof the sternum to theangle of the rib;continuous posteriorlywith the internalintercostal membrane

levatorescostarum transverseprocesses C7-T11 rib below itsorigin, medialto the angle

elevates the rib dorsalprimary ramiof spinalnerves C7-T11

deep cervical a.,intercostal aa. these are fairly smalland insignificantmuscles

subcostalis angle of ribs angle of a rib2-3 ribs aboveorigin

compresses theintercostalspaces

intercostalnerves

intercostal a. subcostalis,transversus thoracis &innermost intercostalmm. make up thedeepest intercostal

muscle layertransversusthoracis

posterior surface ofthe sternum

inner surfacesof costalcartilages 2-6

compresses thethorax for forcedexpiration

intercostalnerves 2-6

internal thoracica.

transversus thoracis,subcostalis &innermost intercostalmm. make up theinnermost intercostalmuscle layer

Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed Alphabetically
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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

cremaster inguinalligament

forms thinnetwork ofmusclefasciclesaround thespermaticcord andtestis (oraround thedistal portionof the roundligament ofthe uterus)

elevatestestis (notwelldeveloped infemales)

genital branchof thegenitofemoralnerve

cremasteric a., abranch of theinferior epigastrica.

the cremaster m. isinternal abdominaloblique muscle'scontribution to thecoverings of thespermatic cord andtestis; the cremastericreflex may be elicited bystroking the medial thigh(where the femoralbranch of thegenitofemoral n.distributescutaneously) (Greek,cremaster = suspender)

dartos subcutaneousconnectivetissue of thescrotum andthe penis (orlabium majusand clitoris)

skin of thescrotum andpenis (orlabium majusand clitoris)

elevatestestis(tenses theskin of thepudendalregion in thefemale)

postganglionicsympatheticnerve fibersarriving via theilioinguinalnerve and theposterior scrotalnerve

cremasteric a.,posterior scrotal(labial) a.

the dartos elevates thetestis in response to cold(it is modified arrector pilifibers, or the goose-bump muscles) (Latin,dartos = leather)

externalabdominal

oblique

lower 8 ribs linea alba,pubic crest &

tubercle,anteriorsuperior iliacspine &anterior half ofiliac crest

flexes andlaterally

bends thetrunk

intercostalnerves 7-11,

subcostal,iliohypogastricand ilioinguinalnerves

musculophrenic a.,superior epigastric

a., intercostal aa.7-11, subcostal a.,lumbar aa.,superficialcircumflex iliac a.,deep circumflexiliac a., superficialepigastric a.,inferior epigastrica., superficial

external pudendal

the inguinal ligament is aspecialization of the

external abdominaloblique aponeurosis; theexternal spermatic fasciais the external abdominaloblique muscle'scontribution to thecoverings of the testisand spermatic cord
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a.

interfoveolar transversusabdominisfibers that liesuperficial tothe inferiorepigastricvessels

anteriorlamina offemoralsheath,immediatelydistal to originof inferiorepigastricvessels

compressesabdominalcontents

iliohypogastricand ilioinguinalnerves

inferior epigastrica.

an inconstant part of thetransversus abdominism. which may bereplaced by a ligament(interfoveolar ligament)

ImageNotAvailable

internalabdominaloblique

thoracolumbarfascia, anterior2/3 of the iliaccrest, lateral2/3 of theinguinal

ligament

lower 3 or 4ribs, lineaalba, pubiccrest

flexes andlaterallybends thetrunk

intercos

medical gross anatomy-muscles

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