the american journey a history of the united states, 7 th edition by: goldfield abbott anderson...

The American JourneyThe American JourneyA History of the United States, A History of the United States, 77thth Edition Edition

By: Goldfield • Abbott • Anderson • Argersinger • Argersinger • Barney • WeirBy: Goldfield • Abbott • Anderson • Argersinger • Argersinger • Barney • Weir

Chapter

The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939

25

The Great Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939and the New Deal 1929–1939

Hard Times in HoovervilleWhat triggered the Great Depression?

Herbert Hoover and the DepressionHow did Herbert Hoover respond to the depression; why did his policies fail?

Launching the New DealWhat were the goals of the early New Deal?

25.1

25.3

25.2

The Great Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929–1939and the New Deal 1929–1939

Consolidating the New DealHow did the major accomplishments of the Second New Deal affect America’s social and economic life?

Ebbing of the New DealWhy did the New Deal lose momentum after 1936?

Good Neighbors and Hostile ForcesHow did Roosevelt respond to the rise of fascism in Europe?

25.4

25.6

25.5

Video Series: Key Topics in U.S. HistoryVideo Series: Key Topics in U.S. History

• The Great Depression and the Promise of the New Deal: 1929–1940

• The Great Depression

• The President Takes on the Depression

• The New Deal

Hard Times in HoovervilleHard Times in Hooverville

• Crash!

• The Depression Spreads

• “Women’s Jobs” and “Men’s Jobs”

• Families in the Depression

• “Last Hired, First Fired”

• Protest

Home

IntroductionIntroduction

• The New Deal Federal intervention in the economy Response to economic disaster

Hard Times in Hard Times in HoovervilleHooverville

Crash!Crash!

• October 1929 Panic selling Onset of Great Depression

• Long-term causes Inequities in wealth and income Oligopolies kept prices high Overproduction International debt


The Depression SpreadsThe Depression Spreads

• Factories closed, income plummeted, layoffs

• Farmers

• Evictions Hoovervilles

• Soup kitchens, breadlines


““WomenWomen’’s Jobss Jobs”” and and ““MenMen’’s Jobss Jobs””• Women less likely to be fired overall

• But many married women fired

• Women worked more overall in the 1930s


Families in the DepressionFamilies in the Depression

• Many divisive factors

• Women’s responsibilities grew Took in laundry

• Children suffered


Explore the Great Depression on MyHistoryLabExplore the Great Depression on MyHistoryLab

• The Great Depression History Explorer reviews the causes of the Great Depression and illustrates the differences in the rate of unemployment across regions and races. The growing importance, throughout the 1930s, of urban life and the mass media are also considered and assessed.

““Last Hired, First FiredLast Hired, First Fired””

• Disproportionate unemployment

• Less public assistance

• Latinos displaced from farm work Often barred from work Many moved to Mexico


ProtestProtest

• Surprisingly little protest

• Political radicals Communist “unemployment councils” Socialist organizations

• Rural protests


Herbert Hoover and the DepressionHerbert Hoover and the Depression

• The Failure of Voluntarism

• Repudiating Hoover: The 1932 Election

Home

The Failure of VoluntarismThe Failure of Voluntarism

• Hoover relied on voluntary relief Organization of private charities

• Cities largely failed to provide relief

• Some government intervention Federal Farm Board Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Herbert Herbert Hoover Hoover

Repudiating Hoover: The 1932 ElectionRepudiating Hoover: The 1932 Election

• Bonus Army ‒ 1932 Conflict with police

• Election of 1932

• Wilson versus Hoover The New Deal Landslide victory for Wilson

Herbert Herbert Hoover Hoover

Launching the New DealLaunching the New Deal

• Action Now!

• Creating Jobs

• Helping Some Farmers

• The Flight of the Blue Eagle

• Critics Right and Left

Home

Action Now!Action Now!

• The Hundred Days Closed banks Emergency Banking Act

• Fireside chats

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Launching the Launching the New DealNew Deal

Creating JobsCreating Jobs

• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Harry Hopkins Civil Works Administration (CWA) Public Works Administration (PWA)

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)


Helping Some FarmersHelping Some Farmers

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) ‒ 1933

• Improvement Prices rose Gross farm income rose

• Helped larger commercial farmers most

• Tenants and sharecroppers left out


The Flight of the Blue EagleThe Flight of the Blue Eagle

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Supported business But protected labor unions and collective

bargaining

• Helped management more than labor


Critics Right and LeftCritics Right and Left

• Democrats successful in 1934 elections

• Critiques Large government Not enough done for the poorest Labor wanted more support

• Francis Townsend

• Charles Coughlin

• Huey P. LongLaunching the Launching the

New DealNew Deal

Consolidating the New DealConsolidating the New Deal

• Weeding Out and Lifting Up

• Expanding Relief

• The Roosevelt Coalition and the Election of 1936

• Labor on the March

• Women and the New Deal

• Minorities and the New Deal

• The New Deal: North, South, East, and West

• The New Deal and Public Activism Home

Weeding Out and Lifting UpWeeding Out and Lifting Up

• New opportunity to do more

• Social Security

• Money, tax, and land reform Revenue Act of 1935

• Dust Bowl Resettlement Administration

Consolidating Consolidating the New Dealthe New Deal

Expanding ReliefExpanding Relief

• Works Progress Administration Harry Hopkins Infrastructure The arts National Youth Administration


The Roosevelt Coalition The Roosevelt Coalition and the Election of 1936and the Election of 1936

• New Deal Coalition Middle-class, workers, white southerners, urban

ethnic groups, women

• Landslide

• Broadened opportunity


Labor on the MarchLabor on the March

• Second New Deal helped labor resurgence

• Industrial workers American Federation of Labor split Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) ‒

1937

• Important labor victories Some strikes crushed


Women and the New DealWomen and the New Deal

• Women underrepresented in work relief programs

• Raising minimum wage helped women

• Traditional roles reinforced

• Political power

• Eleanor Roosevelt


Minorities and the New DealMinorities and the New Deal

• Mixed results Discriminatory practices

• Harry Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt supported equality

• Black Cabinet ‒ Mary McLeod Bethune

• Better education for minorities

• John Collier and the Indians’ New Deal

• Latinos fared poorlyConsolidating Consolidating the New Dealthe New Deal

The New Deal: North, South, East, and WestThe New Deal: North, South, East, and West

• The New Deal in the South Support for farmers Infrastructure Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• The New Deal in the West Bureau of Reclamation


The New Deal and Public ActivismThe New Deal and Public Activism

• Activism Often supported by New Deal programs

• Some exploitation of New Deal programs

• Some local groups welcomed expansion of federal activity


Ebbing of the New DealEbbing of the New Deal

• Challenging the Court

• More Hard Times

• Political Stalemate

Home

Challenging the CourtChallenging the Court

• Expanding the Supreme Court Battle with Congress Failed Court supported New Deal legislation

• Court conflict harmed the New Deal

Ebbing of the Ebbing of the New DealNew Deal

More Hard TimesMore Hard Times

• 1936 ‒ economy improved Attempt to balance the budget

• 1937 ‒ recession “Roosevelt recession”

• War solved the problem


Political StalematePolitical Stalemate

• Conservative reaction

• New legislation National Housing Act of 1937 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

• 1938 elections Republican Congress


Good Neighbors and Hostile ForcesGood Neighbors and Hostile Forces

• Neutrality and Fascism

• Edging toward Involvement

Home

Neutrality and FascismNeutrality and Fascism

• Hitler and Mussolini created fascist governments

• Appeasement and more neutrality Anti-Semitism

• Relations with Japan deteriorated Invasion of Manchuria ‒ 1931 Attacks on China ‒ 1937

Good Neighbors, Good Neighbors, Hostile ForcesHostile Forces

Edging toward InvolvementEdging toward Involvement

• Preparedness after Munich conference

• Arms sales

• German invasion of Czechoslovakia and Poland

Good Neighbors, Good Neighbors, Hostile ForcesHostile Forces

ConclusionConclusion

• The Great Depression and the New Deal mark a major divide in American history, casting doubt on traditional economic, social, and political attitudes, policies, and practices.

• The New Deal brought partial economic recovery but also expanded the roles of the federal government and the presidency.

• The New Deal also revitalized the Democratic Party.

the american journey a history of the united states, 7 th edition by: goldfield abbott anderson...

Documents

hooverville slide

hooverville hard times

new deal slide

breadlines hard times

mexico hard times

hooverville crash

economic disaster hard

early new deal