'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

What do you think an ideology is? I’d like a guess. If you are totally stuck and have no guess at all then get an iPad and see what you can find.

Use a post-it and write what you guess/find.

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Objectives

For you to try to discover what the aims of all seven of the Russian rulers were and to compare those aims.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Task 1 – Match the ideologies to the rulers. Match the beliefs to the rulers.

Draw arrows if some boxes apply to more than one ruler. And they do. Use pages 16 to 27 if you feel you need to look something up.

We will pause twice so that I can explain two things to you.

Pause 1 – What happened when the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks split up? Why did the Social Democrat Party split at all? Pg26.

Pause 2 – What was a ‘left communist’ and why were they upset about NEP? Pg27.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Which ideology does this apply to?

Autocracy

Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism

Marxism-Leninism

Liberal Democracy

There should be more freedom for people to support whichever political party they wished, to write whatever they like in publications and to be free from political persecution in any form. Free, democratic elections would take place.

Liberal Democracy

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Which ideology does this apply to?

Autocracy

Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism

Marxism-Leninism

Liberal Democracy

The belief that society throughout history has been organised in a ‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of people at the expense of the majority who suffer and are exploited.

The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and hold complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia for a better society. That the population was not ready to rule itself. This is known as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of the proletariat had established ideal conditions, power would them be handed over to the people and there would be no more dictatorship.

The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one country, would spread across the globe to eventually be the only existing ideology.

Marxism-Leninism

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Which ideology does this apply to?

Autocracy

Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism

Marxism-Leninism

Liberal Democracy

The belief that society throughout history has been organised in a ‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of people at the expense of the majority who suffer and are exploited.

The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and hold complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia for a better society. That the population was not ready to rule itself. This is known as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of the proletariat had established ideal conditions, power would them be handed over to the people and there would be no more dictatorship.

The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one country, would spread across the globe to eventually be the only existing ideology.

How isMarxism-Leninism-Stalinism different? (hint: addition needed)

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Which ideology does this apply to?

Autocracy

Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism

Marxism-Leninism

Liberal Democracy

Autocracy

The belief that it was the paternalistic(fatherly) duty of the ruler to look after the population.

The belief that God is all powerful and if he did not approve of a ruler, he would not have allowed him to be ruler. Therefore the ruler acts in such a way because God wills it and can therefore make decisions as he sees fit. This is known as Divine Right.

The belief that it was necessary for one person, supported by a small number of people to hold all the power in Russia because it was too huge and diverse to operate effectively otherwise. In addition because the majority of people were illiterate, uneducated peasants that would not be able to make informed decisions to help themselves.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

So who do these apply to?

The Bolsheviks and the Tsars

The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and hold complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia for a better society. That the population was not ready to rule itself. This is known as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of the proletariat had established ideal conditions, power would them be handed over to the people and there would be no more dictatorship.

The belief that it was necessary for one person, supported by a small number of people, to hold all the power in Russia because it was too huge and diverse to operate effectively otherwise. In addition because the majority of people were illiterate, uneducated peasants that would not be able to make informed decisions to help themselves.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

So who do these apply to?

Prov Gov, Lenin and Khrushchev. Arguably Stalin. Arguably Alex III.

Believed firmly that everything that had happened in the previous ideology was wrong and that they should attempt to do things very differently.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

So who do these apply to?

Alexander III, Nicholas II.

Had a tutor called Pobedonestsev whilst growing up, who taught that the Russian Slavic peoples were inherently lazy and that only a small handful of people had the ability to intelligently tackle problems. Also taught that democracy was ‘the biggest lie of our time’.

'The aims of all the Russian rulers were the same.' How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Jan 2013

Plenary

You will either be arguing that the aims were different. Or that they weren’t.

Prepare your argument by writing down points that you will say to support your side of the argument.

Autocracy

Alexander II Nicholas II

Alexander III

Provisional GovernmentMarxism-Leninism-Stalinism

Marxism-Leninism

Liberal Democracy

Lenin

StaIin

Khrushchev

The belief that it was the paternalistic(fatherly) duty of the ruler to look after the population.

The belief that God is all powerful and if he did not approve of a ruler, he would not have allowed him to be ruler. Therefore the ruler acts in such a way because God wills it and can therefore make decisions as he sees fit. This is known as Divine Right.

The belief that it was necessary for one person, supported by a small number of people to hold all the power in Russia because it was too huge and diverse to operate effectively otherwise. In addition because the majority of people were illiterate, uneducated peasants that would not be able to make informed decisions to help themselves.

Stated publically that ‘The All-Russian Emperor possesses the supreme autocratic power.’

Had a tutor called Pobedonestsev whilst growing up, who taught that the Russian Slavic peoples were inherently lazy and that only a small handful of people had the ability to intelligently tackle problems. Also taught that democracy was ‘the biggest lie of our time’.

Only make significant reform to government structures when he thought he had no choice and then reversed his reform as much as possible as soon as possible.

The belief that society throughout history has been organised in a ‘superstructure’ that benefits a minority of people at the expense of the majority who suffer and are exploited.

The belief that a small number of people needed to lead and hold complete and absolute power in order to prepare Russia for a better society. That the population was not ready to rule itself. This is known as a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’. After the dictatorship of the proletariat had established ideal conditions, power would them be handed over to the people and there would be no more dictatorship.

The belief that the ideology, once it had power on one country, would spread across the globe to eventually be the only existing ideology.

Believed firmly that everything that had happened in the previous ideology was wrong and that they should attempt to do things very differently.

Has been accused by historians of megalomania which means that a person believes in their own importance and that they are in some way special.

The belief that the ideology must be secured firmly in Russia and energy should not be unnecessarily wasted trying to spread the ideology around the world – unless the opportunity to do so was too good.

Believed firmly that a small group called the Party Central Committee would need to hold power in the interests of the people and that there was no need for a period of democracy.

The belied that harsh measures had to be taken to transform Russia and that death was acceptable. Utter and complete control of the lives of everybody in Russia must rest in the hands of one individual for this to be achieved. Also belief that absolute obedience was a necessity and anybody who was disobedient in any way should be eliminated.

Has been judged by some historians as believing totally that strict Five Year Plans were the only way to transform Russia and catch up with the west.

Wanted to catch up with the west.

Believed in collective leadership, but that one person should ultimately be in control.

Believed that Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism was wrong and that Stalin was a megalomaniac who distorted the teachings of Lenin.

There should be more freedom for people to support whichever political party they wished, to write whatever they like in publications and to be free from political persecution in any form. Free, democratic elections would take place.