The Age of Reform: 19The Age of Reform: 19thth century US social century US social

movementsmovements

Which causes do you believe in?Which causes do you believe in?

How do you want to improve the How do you want to improve the world?world?

TodayToday’’s Social Movements s Social Movements

Today’s Social MovementsToday’s Social Movements

22ndnd Great Awakening Great Awakening

ROOT of most ROOT of most other 19 century other 19 century movements movements

Eternal salvation Eternal salvation open to all who open to all who believed in believed in Christ Christ

Christians should Christians should help those less help those less fortunate and fortunate and that all men have that all men have dignity dignity

A Revival A Revival

Slavery-Slavery-““A Peculiar InstitutionA Peculiar Institution””

Abolitionists Abolitionists

Believed that Believed that the practice of the practice of slavery was slavery was brutal and cruel brutal and cruel and must end and must end immediatelyimmediately

Elijah Lovejoy

William Lloyd Garrison

Fredrick Douglas

John Brown

Sojourner Truth

The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad

Secret Secret organization organization of of abolitionists abolitionists across the US across the US that worked to that worked to help slaves help slaves escape to escape to freedom freedom

Temperance Temperance

Consumption of Consumption of alcohol damages alcohol damages people and people and society.society.

People should People should refrain from refrain from drinking alcohol drinking alcohol and the and the government government should ban it. should ban it.

Cary A. Nation leader of WCTU

Prohibition 1919-33

Utopianism Utopianism

Live together in Live together in faith centered faith centered communities away communities away from the rest of from the rest of the worldthe world

Equality among all Equality among all people people

Some refrained from Some refrained from marriage and familymarriage and family

Ex: Shakers Ex: Shakers

Modern Example: Amish Modern Example: Amish

WorkersWorkers’’ Rights Rights US is becoming US is becoming increasingly increasingly industrialized in industrialized in 1800s1800s

Workers were angered Workers were angered by mistreatment from by mistreatment from business ownersbusiness owners

DemandsDemands• Shorter work days/ Shorter work days/ weekweek

• Better wages Better wages • Safer working Safer working conditions conditions

• Ban on child laborBan on child labor• Right to form unions Right to form unions and strike and strike

The Pullman Strike 1894The Pullman Strike 1894

Improving and Expanding Improving and Expanding Education Education

Opening public Opening public schools for all! schools for all!

More colleges More colleges and universities and universities

Horace Mann

“Father of Public Education”

Improvement of prisons and Improvement of prisons and treatment of disabled treatment of disabled

Sought more Sought more humane treatment humane treatment for prisoners for prisoners and disabledand disabled

Dorthea Dix Dorthea Dix crusaded for crusaded for better treatment better treatment of the mentally of the mentally ill and ill and handicappedhandicapped

WomenWomen’’s Rightss Rights Or the lack thereof…Or the lack thereof…

• Women could not in most statesWomen could not in most states Own property (if married)Own property (if married) Divorce without husbandDivorce without husband’’s AND sometimes s AND sometimes the state governmentthe state government’’s permissions permission

Share guardianship of childrenShare guardianship of children Be accepted into most collegesBe accepted into most colleges Expect to be paid as much as men for the Expect to be paid as much as men for the same jobsame job

VoteVote Sit on JuriesSit on Juries File a lawsuitFile a lawsuit Testify in courtTestify in court Expect court protection against domestic Expect court protection against domestic violenceviolence

Concluding QuestionsConcluding Questions

How did the people in these How did the people in these movements seek to improve the movements seek to improve the country/world?country/world?

Why did the utopians try to remove Why did the utopians try to remove themselves from the rest of the themselves from the rest of the world?world?

What are some social movements today What are some social movements today that try to reform the world?that try to reform the world?

How are they similar/different from How are they similar/different from those of the past?those of the past?