The age of Jackson 1820-1840

I. THE “NEW DEMOCRACY”

A. 1820’s increased appeal to the masses

* Jeffersonian (for the people) to Jacksonian (by the people)

B. Universal White male suffrage

• Gradual process

• Frederick Jackson Turner: "The Significance of the Frontier on American History" (1893)

C. Rise of workingmen's parties

II. CAUSES OF THE NEW DEMOCRACYA. Panic of 1819

B. Missouri compromise

C. New political age

▪ Democrats vs. National Republicans/Whigs

▪ Voter turnout rose dramatically

▪ Voting reform : caucus v. convention

What's wrong?

III. ELECTION OF 1824 “THE CORRUPT BARGAIN”A. Andrew Jackson, henry clay, William Crawford, and John q. Adams

B. Jackson polled most popular but no majority of electors

C. 1825 the house elects Adams

IV. THE “TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS”A. Tariff increase 23% to 37% 1824

B. New England wants it up to 45%

C. Daniel Webster v. Calhoun

D. Passes and the south is super angry

• “the south Carolina exposition”

V. ELECTION OF 1828

A. Division in the republican party

B. Jackson wins 178 to 83

* first western president

* seen as “common man”

A. Jackson as president (old hickory)

* states rights, nationalist

*belief in a strong presidency

VI. SPOILS SYSTEM

A. Practice of rewarding supporters with officesB. “rotation in office” or “turnabout is fair play”C. consequences:

▪ national political machine built around jackson▪ political corruption▪ lack of competence and merit

VII. sectionalism and Jackson

A. “Kitchen Cabinet”▪ unofficial cabinet

B. Webster-Hayne debate 1830▪ argument against the “Tariff of Abomonations”▪ illustrated major sectional division

C. Calhoun resigns 1832▪ strong nationalist to strong sectionalist and advocate of slavery

VIII. nullification controversy of 1832

A. south carolina pushing to nullify tariffB. tariff of 1832 lower rate

▪ S. Carolina passed nullified it, and threatened to secede▪ jackson furius and began organizing the military

C. henry clay compromise tariff of 1833

IX. elections of 1832

A. Henry clay (national republican) c. Jackson (democrat)▪ support of the US Bank was the key issued▪ jackson wins 219-49

B. New features▪ anti-masonic party▪ national nominating conventions ,all 3 parties

X. jacksonian economics

A. keep the government outB. end the Bank of the US

▪ jackson saw it as elite, monopolistic, unconstitutional▪ “pet” bank scheme▪ Specie Circular

C. general incorporation lawsD. charles river bridge decisionE. Maysville road veto

XI. Indian Removal act 1830

A. most territories had become statesB. indian removal act 1830

▪ cherokee, creek, choctaw, chickasaw, and seminoles▪ indian territory/ oklahoma▪ over 100,000 removed

C. Cherokee▪ cherokee nation v. georgia 1831▪ Worcester v. Georgia 1832▪ trail of tears

D. Black hawk warE. seminoles in florida

▪ refused to merge with creek▪ 2nd seminole war 1835-1842

XII. birth of Texas

A. us dropped any claim after Adams-Onis treatyB. 1823 Mexico opens the region to immigration

▪ restrictions to encourage mexicanazation

C. problems over slavery and local autonomyD. texas declares independence 1836

▪ santa ana invades, battles of goliad and alamo

E. Houston successful at San JacintoF. issue of possible new slave state leave Texas in limbo

XIII. election of 1836

A. Birth of the whig partyB. groups opposed to jackson

▪ supporters of “american system”▪ states rights advocates▪ northern industrialists/ merchants▪ nativists▪ William henry harrison▪ many foundational ideas for today's republicans

C. Martin Van Buren▪ jacksons picked successor▪ wins 170-73

D. beginning of the 2 party system

XIV. jackson's legacy

A. Positive:▪ strong executive leader▪ perception as champion of the commoner▪ established the democratic party and sparked the 2 party system

B. liabilities▪ spoils system▪ death of the bank▪ specie circular hurt west▪ indian removal▪ cabinet cris and calhoun increased sectionalism

XV. Panic of 1837

A. causes:▪ overspeculation▪ jackson's policies▪ flour riot▪ failure of british banks

B. results▪ banks collapsed▪ commodity and land prices fell▪ unemployment rose▪ lasted 5 years

XVI. Election of 1840

A. Van Buren (democrats)B. William Harrison (whigs)C. economic depression hurt the dems.D. Harrison wins 234-60E. significance:

▪ mass turn out ▪ propaganda and silly slogans▪ liberty party

What do you think, compare and contrast the positive and negative aspects of Jacksons presidency.

▪ Discuss at your table

▪ Then write a thesis statement to address this prompt.