the age of imperialism section 1 - geneva high school 11-1 powerpoint6.pdf · 2018-02-01 · the...
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The Age of Imperialism Section 1
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Main Idea
One of the first examples of European imperialism in Asia, the British
rule over India changed Indian politics, economics, and society and led
to the rise of Indian nationalism.
The British in India
IMPERIALISM=BULLYING
EUROCENTRIC VIEW +WHITE MAN’S BURDEN. Money and political
prestige
Content Statement:
Describe the political, economic, and social roots of imperialism
expansion.
Describe how imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw
materials, spread of Western values, and maintenance of political control.
Describe how the consequences of imperialism were viewed differently by
the colonizers and the colonized.
The Age of Imperialism Section 1Vocabulary 11-1
• Imperialism: practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining
territories for a colonial empire. Page 344: process of one
people ruling or controlling another. BULLYING
• British East India Company: a joint-stock company granted a
royal charter by Elizabeth I for purpose of controlling India.
• Sepoy Mutiny: rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against
the British in India. Leads to British government ruling India.
• Raj: British rule of India from 1757 until 1947
• Indian National Congress: major political party in India;
founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under
British rule.
• Muslim League: political group founded in 1906 to protect the
rights of Indian Muslims.
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• Europeans had built trading posts along Asian, African coasts,
but held little territory farther inland
• Two factors that made possible:
1. new technologies (Industrial Revolution)
2. weakening of great empires of Asia, Africa
Expanding Power 2)
• By 1700, Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal ruled vast
territories in the Americas
• Europeans had less success ruling territory in Asia, Africa
• Crash Course: Asia and Africa resistant to disease and could
match weaponry.
Imperialism 1)
Setting the Stage
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Weakening Empire in Africa and Asia 4)
• India’s Mughal Empire took deep decline after 1707
• Ottoman Empire lost strength in North African
• China’s Qing dynasty faced rebellions;
• By the late 1700’s, European armies faced limited resistance as
they claimed new territories.
New Technologies 3)
• Advances in technology gave Europeans huge military
advantage
• Steam-powered gunboats, Repeating rifles, machine guns,
exploding shells. Maxim Machine gun
• Asian, African weapon makers could not match technologies
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Early British imperialism in India was carried out by the British East
India Trading Company. It soon became embroiled in Indian politics.
• East India Company activity
limited to coastal trading
cities while Mughal Empire
strong
• Mid-1700s, when empire
broke apart into small states,
East India Company leaders
saw chance to take over
Indian lands
The British Take Control
• Manipulated rulers of states,
suggested each needed British
support to keep throne
• Played rulers against each
other, kept India in chaos
• Company’s army took over
much of India, claiming it had
to restore order
Kept India in Chaos
4.British East India Company
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny
• Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in British army.
• Crash Course: 2/3rds soldiers in India for Brits were Indian.
• Introduction of new type British rifle set off rebellion
• To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased with
pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys
• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef
• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use
cartridges; thought it plot to make
them abandon Hinduism, Islam
• Sepoys punished for protesting
• In response, northern Indian sepoys
rose up against British
• Eventually gained control of Delhi
Protest and Punishment
• Violence of rebellion ferocious
• Both sides committed atrocities
• Sepoys killed British officers, as well
as wives, children
• Captured mutineers strapped to
cannons and shot; villages burned
• Fighting continued two years
Violence and Atrocities
5.The Sepoy Mutiny: Sepoy view vs British view?
The Age of Imperialism Section 15.Results of Mutiny
British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858
as result of mutiny.
• British government ruled India directly
– British moved away from some social regulations
that angered many Indians
– Distrust still continued between British, Indians
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• Colony of India —the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire. Gave Britain
political and financial rewards, national pride . RAW MATERIALS!!
• For Indians, British rule source of frustration and humiliation
• Frustration gave rise to powerful feelings of nationalism
• Era of British rule in
India often called
British Raj, Hindu word
meaning “rule”.
• Result of Sepoy Mutiny
• Administration carried
out by government
agency, Indian Civil
Service (ICS)
7.The Raj
• Though ruling India,
most ICS officials
British
• ICS employed very few
Indians
• Many educated Indians
frustrated at having no
say in own government
• Crash Course: 1/3rd of
India ruled by Indian
princes. Others ruled
by ICS. 1,000 British
officials rule 300 million
Indians.
ICS 7)
• Many British thought
they were superior
–Segregated
neighborhoods;
exclusive clubs
–Westernized Indians
• Prejudiced, thought
Indians incapable of
governing selves
• WHITE MAN’S
BURDEN
Westernization 7 +9
India as a British Colony 6)
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Bengal
• Nationalism turned radical when British announced plans to partition Bengal
• Nationalists thought partition attempt to break up Bengal’s Hindu population
Unintended Consequences
• British convinced to make concessions to Indian people
• 1906 Muslim League formed to protect interests of Indian Muslims
• (1885) Indian National Congress formed.
• Indian National Congress and Muslim League led in fight for independence later.
Radicals 8)
• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods
• Swadeshi- lasted three years
• Participants vowed to wear only Indian-made garments, burned British cloth
• Some militants attacked British officials, were punished
India as a British Colony
The Age of Imperialism Section 19) Summarize the
effects of British
rule on India in
each category
below
Look at questions
#1-8 and organize
in boxes below
Read through your
notes and place
info in each box
a) Politics/land
acquisition
b)Economics c) Society
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• British East India Company
activity limited to coastal
trading cities while Mughal
Empire strong
• Mid-1700s, when empire
broke apart into small states,
East India Company leaders
saw chance to take over
Indian lands
The British Take Control
• Manipulated rulers of states,
suggested each needed
British support to keep
throne
• Played rulers against each
other, kept India in chaos
• Company’s army took over
much of India, claiming it
had to restore order
#4 again Kept India in Chaos
British East India Company 9) politics; land acquisition
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• Indian elites and middle classes lacked opportunities
• (ICS): Indians had little power to influence decisions at
higher levels of government
• New reform idea first
expressed by reformer Ram
Mohun Roy, 1820s
• Felt British violating Indian’s
rights, including free speech,
religion
Nationalist Movement
The Rise of Indian Nationalism 9) politics
• 1885, Indian National
Congress, first nationalist
group, founded by English-
speaking Indians
• Muslim League formed 1906
Activating Movement
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Raj Building Projects
• During Raj, British built railroads, roads, canals in India
• By 1910, India had fourth-largest railroad network in world
• British invested in transportation to move troops; help sell British products
Raj Impact
• British manufactured goods devastated India’s pre-existing textile industry
• Had been major exporter; British closed factories to prevent competition
• Mid-1800s, India primarily exported raw materials, not manufactured goods
Raj Commerce 9) economics; extraction of raw materials
• India important market for British manufactured goods
• Also source of raw materials like cotton, tea, indigo, jute
• Taxes from Indian landowners paid for administration of India, Indian army
Not in #1-8 9. Economics: **Extra Notes**
Radicals 7)
• Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods
• Swadeshi- lasted three years
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Making Changes
• East India Company made
changes to Indian society
• Introduced new education
system, English language
Destroying Society
• British also invited Christian missionaries to spread beliefs
• British wanted to eliminate Hinduism completely
Banning Customs
• Introduced British laws
banning certain customs, like
sati
• Practice of Hindu widows
throwing selves on
husbands’ funeral fires
Not in # 1-8 9) Society: **Extra Notes**
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
• 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny
• Cause of Mutiny
• To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge
greased with pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys
• Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef
• Sepoys in Meerut refused to use
cartridges; thought it plot to make them
abandon Hinduism, Islam
• Sepoys punished for protesting
• In response, northern Indian sepoys rose
up against British
• Eventually gained control of Delhi
Protest and Punishment
• Violence of rebellion ferocious
• Both sides committed atrocities
• Sepoys killed British officers, as well as
wives, children
• Captured mutineers strapped to cannons
and shot; villages burned
• Fighting continued two years
Violence and Atrocities
The Sepoy Mutiny 9) society
The Age of Imperialism Section 1Results of Mutiny 9) society
• British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858
• British government ruled India directly Raj
– British moved away from some social regulations that
angered many Indians
– Distrust still continued between British, Indians
– Indian Civil Service (ICS) carried out rules
• Few Indians involved in gov’t
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
The Age of Imperialism Section 1PAGE: 344
The Age of Imperialism Section 1
Making Changes
• East India Company made
changes to Indian society
• Introduced new education
system, English language
Destroying Society
• British also invited Christian
missionaries to spread beliefs
• Some began to believe British
trying to destroy their society
Banning Customs
• Introduced British laws banning
certain customs, like sati
• Practice of Hindu widows
throwing selves on husbands’
funeral fires
Straining Relations
• Thought British wanted to
eliminate Indian customs,
Hinduism completely
• Relations between Indians,
British increasingly strained
4.Changes in India