the age of imperialism
TRANSCRIPT
1850 - 1914
The Age of Imperialism
What is Imperialism?
The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic and social life of the people.
Imperialism was a legacy of the Industrial Revolution
European nations needed new sources of raw materials and new markets for their products.
Reasons for Imperialism
Racism People of these nations believed they were better than the people of
the countries they colonized, because of their superior technological advances.
Social Darwinism A social theory of the time “survival of the fittest”
It came from the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin.
Non-Europeans were considered to be on a lower scale of cultural and physical development. Evidenced by their lack of technological developments.
Nationalism and Economics Competition amongst European nations .
Forces of Imperialism
Interests The British East India Company took control of India in the
late 1700’s
1860 – Dr. David Livingston travelled to Africa’s interior.
Reporter Henry Stanley sent back news of Africa’s rich interior.
These encounters led to treaties between Belgium and local chiefs in the Congo River Valley.
Inventions Maxim Gun
Steam Ships
Railroads
Cure for Malaria (quinine)
Africa Before Imperialism
Hundreds of Ethnic and linguistic groups scattered across the Continent
Political divisions were based on ethnic or tribal lines.
Some Africans converted to Islam or Christianity.
Europeans had contact with Africa but controlled very little area. (mostly along the coasts)
Scramble for Africa
A process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers.
Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
A meeting of rival European Nations
to set the rules for the division of Africa
No African ruler attended these meetings
Imperial Rule
Indirect Control
Local leaders rule under the guidance of a colonial governor.
Common practice in most British colonies
The U.S. also practiced indirect control over its colonies.
Direct Control
France and other European nations preferred this practice.
Viewed Africans as children unable to handle leadership.
Paternalism
Governing in a fatherly way
Assimilation
Absorb the local population into ruling culture.
Resistance to Imperial Rule
India
SepoyRebellion
Indian Nationalism
Africa
Ethiopia and Menelik II
Legacies of European Imperialism
Positives
Improved sanitation
Introduced new technologies
Negatives
Africans lost control of their lands
New diseases (smallpox)
Breakdown of traditional culture
Loss of homes and property
Artificial boundaries that combined groups of different ethnic, religious or linguistic background.
Division of kinship groups across colonies
1800 - 1904
American Imperialism and Global Transformation
The Monroe Doctrine
The U.S. promised to help defend countries in the Americas from European conquest.
President James Monroe
“ the American continents … are henceforth not to be considered a subject for future colonization by European powers”
The Spanish American War Hawaii
1898 American joined Cuba in their fight for Independence from Spain.
Acquired Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam
Filipinos rejected American rule.
America upgraded the infrastructure but exploited the Filipino’s economically.
Hawaii had prosperous sugar plantations that were owned by Americans.
In 1893 Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown.
Wealthy planter Stanford B. Dole became President of Hawaii
In 1898 the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States
U.S. Acquires the Pacific Islands
United States and Latin America
After the Spanish-American
War the U.S. controlled
Cuba by indirect rule.
The U.S. extended its influence on American trading with the construction of the Panama Canal. Supported Panamanian Independence from Colombia
Panama gave the U.S the 10mile wide zone to build the canal a sign of gratitude.
The canal was opened to ships from all nations but the U.S. controlled the toll-gate.
Roosevelt Corollary
Theodore Roosevelt
U.S is “an international police power” in the western hemisphere.
The U.S. used this many times to justify intervention in Latin American countries with troops occupying some areas for many years
China
China made more from export of tea than they spent on imports.
To offset the imbalance the British introduce Opium a habit forming narcotic.
Opium War The Chinese could not with stand
the more advanced British Navy.
Treaty of Nanjing gave the British control of Hong Kong.
Chinese Nationalism The loss of power encouraged the
people to demand more reforms.
Boxer Rebellion When the Qing officials failed to
respond the peasant rebelled.
Japan Modernizes
For years Japan was shut off from the rest of the world.
Treaty of Kanagawa
In 1854 under threat from the U.S. Navy Japanese leaders opened the country to trade with foreign nations.
The Meiji Era
Overthrow of the shogun
Emperor Mutsuhito encouraged a sense of Nationalism
Sent statesmen to Europe and America to study
Adopted American system of universal public education
Modernized their military