the achievement gap and equal educational opportunity presented by july & linda july 23, 2004
TRANSCRIPT
The Achievement The Achievement Gap and Equal Gap and Equal
Educational Educational OpportunityOpportunity
Presented by July & LindaPresented by July & Linda
July 23, 2004July 23, 2004
July 23July 23rdrd, 2004, 2004
Gaps in achievement exist Gaps in achievement exist across the states.across the states.
• Gaps can be found based upon:Gaps can be found based upon:
• Race/ethnicityRace/ethnicity
• Income levelsIncome levels
• Language backgroundLanguage background
• Disability statusDisability status
• Gender ( boys & girls )Gender ( boys & girls )
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Gaps are Evidenced in Gaps are Evidenced in Data :Data :
• Proficiency Test ResultsProficiency Test Results
• Dropout RatesDropout Rates
• Graduation RatesGraduation Rates
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In Ohio:In Ohio:
• White students are twice as likely to White students are twice as likely to be proficient in math as African be proficient in math as African American students.American students.
• 66thth graders who meet low-income graders who meet low-income criteria are about half as likely to be criteria are about half as likely to be proficient in math and science as 6proficient in math and science as 6thth graders who do not meet low-income graders who do not meet low-income criteria.criteria.
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In Ohio:In Ohio:
• African American students are more African American students are more likely to be in special education and likely to be in special education and less likely to be in gifted programs less likely to be in gifted programs than White students.than White students.
• African American students are almost African American students are almost 3 times as likely to drop out of school 3 times as likely to drop out of school as white students.as white students.
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Dropout Rates (G12) of Dropout Rates (G12) of Maryland in 2000-01 School Maryland in 2000-01 School YearYearTotal (%)Total (%) 4.14.1
American IndianAmerican Indian 4.74.7
HispanicHispanic 3.73.7
BlackBlack 5.95.9
WhiteWhite 3.23.2
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In Ohio: (Of Every 100 In Ohio: (Of Every 100 Kindergarteners)Kindergarteners)Graduate Graduate fromfrom
High High SchoolSchool
College College Bachelor’s Bachelor’s DegreeDegree
WhiteWhite 9191 6262 3030
AfricaAfrica 8787 5454 1616
LatinoLatino 6262 2929 66
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Reasons For The GapReasons For The Gap
• Language Language backgroundbackground
• Teacher Teacher expectationexpectation
• Socio-economic Socio-economic conditioncondition
• Social promotionSocial promotion
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Reasons for the GapReasons for the Gap
• Language Language backgroundbackground
• Teacher Teacher expectationexpectation
• Socio-economic Socio-economic conditioncondition
• Social promotionSocial promotion
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Language BackgroundLanguage Background
Unable to listen to teachersWith a clear understanding
Unable to read fluentlyWith little vocabulary
Unable to write good papers
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Teachers’ Low ExpectationTeachers’ Low Expectation
• Being restlessBeing restless
• Neglecting Neglecting classroom classroom disciplinediscipline
• Making troublesMaking troubles
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Socio-economic ConditionSocio-economic Condition
• Tend to mirror their Tend to mirror their parents’ statusparents’ status
• Esp. educational Esp. educational backgroundbackground
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Social PromotionSocial Promotion
• Students are allowed to continue to Students are allowed to continue to pass through school with their peers pass through school with their peers without satisfying academic without satisfying academic requirements. requirements.
• Not increase students achievementNot increase students achievement• Not properly prepare students for Not properly prepare students for
college and future employmentcollege and future employment• causes doubt to students’ academic causes doubt to students’ academic
level according to their diplomaslevel according to their diplomas
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To Narrow the GapTo Narrow the Gap
• Emphasize early childhood literacy Emphasize early childhood literacy • Identify student’s needs early in Identify student’s needs early in
order to apply appropriate order to apply appropriate instructional strategies. instructional strategies.
• Schools should provide professional Schools should provide professional development that deepens teachers’ development that deepens teachers’ content knowledge, improves content knowledge, improves instructional strategies to engage all instructional strategies to engage all children in learning,. children in learning,.
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To Narrow the GapTo Narrow the Gap
• Use more effective Use more effective student grouping student grouping practicespractices
• Develop Develop transitional and transitional and dropout prevention dropout prevention programsprograms
Shanghai Shanghai
Mainly based onMainly based on
Social-economic Social-economic levellevel
• Children from Low income families
• children of laborers of Migrant workers
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Shanghai Jiu Long Shanghai Jiu Long
Model High SchoolModel High School
Offer free educationOffer free education
Social-economic level:Social-economic level:
far belowfar below
the average poverty standardthe average poverty standard
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The number of students:The number of students:
357 996 357 996
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Age from 6 to 18Age from 6 to 18
In Shanghai the number is about 320,000In Shanghai the number is about 320,000
Some-----public schoolSome-----public school
Some-----the school for children ofSome-----the school for children of
laborers of migrant workerslaborers of migrant workers
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Enroll more children in public schoolsEnroll more children in public schools
Train the teachersTrain the teachers
More high-qualified teachersMore high-qualified teachers
Improve the environment Improve the environment
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Closing achievement Closing achievement gaps requires the gaps requires the involvement of:involvement of:• StudentsStudents
• ParentsParents
• Community membersCommunity members
• TeachersTeachers
• AdministratorsAdministrators
• Policy makersPolicy makers
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To close achievement To close achievement gaps, we need:gaps, we need:• Students who believe in their ability Students who believe in their ability
to succeed and work diligently.to succeed and work diligently.
• Teachers who know how to teach the Teachers who know how to teach the diverse populations of students in diverse populations of students in their classes.their classes.
• Parents who know how to support Parents who know how to support their child’s learning at home and at their child’s learning at home and at school.school.
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To close achievement To close achievement gaps, we need:gaps, we need:• Community members and policy Community members and policy
makers who hold educators makers who hold educators accountable for results and support accountable for results and support their school with adequate resources.their school with adequate resources.
• Administrators who support students, Administrators who support students, teachers, parents, and community teachers, parents, and community members as they work together to members as they work together to improve teaching and learning.improve teaching and learning.
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There should be more cooperation between the government the school and the community.
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To close achievement To close achievement gaps, we must remember gaps, we must remember that:that:• There are answers!There are answers!
• There are NOT any simple answers.There are NOT any simple answers.
• Blame wastes time that could be Blame wastes time that could be spent creating partnerships.spent creating partnerships.
• The answers are in partnerships.The answers are in partnerships.
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Thanks to Thanks to
Professor LawlorProfessor Lawlor
Our colleaguesOur colleagues