the 4 sections what are the parts of the immune system explain howthe parts of the immune system...
TRANSCRIPT
THE 4 SECTIONS
• WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM• EXPLAIN HOWTHE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACT
WITH ONE ANOTHER IN AN IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
• EXPLAIN WHAT VACCINES ARE, HOW THEY ARE MADE AND
• HOW THEY WORK
Bacteria and Viruses
Viruses
• The biggest viruses are only as big as the tiniest bacteria.
• They use the cells as a factory to reproduce.
• They are neither dead nor alive.
• Once you have the virus you have to fight it or die.
The
Aids Virus
The AIDS Virus• Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome• the HIV virus attacks the helper T cells
so that the body can’t recognize invaders.
• There is no cure yet for this virus• Is fatal
The Ebola Virus
The Ebola Virus
• It’s one of the Most lethal viruses known.
• Ebola has a 90% fatality rate.
• The virus makes your body bleed non-stop.
The HerpesVirus
The Herpes Virus
• Herpes means “to Creep” in Greek.
• HSV-1(a type of Herpes) appears in the mouth at the crisis of simple fevers.
• HSV-2(another type of Herpes) appears in the pubic areas.
• This virus is contagious.
Bacteria
BACTERIA
• 1. HELICOBACTER PYLORI• THESE SPIRAL BACTERIA CAN SURVIVE THE STRONG ACID
ENVIRONMENT OF THE THE STOMACH AND WERE RECENTLY DISCOVERED AS THE AGENT OF STOMACH UCLEARS.
• 2.STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES• THESE SPHERICAL BACTERIA ARE COMMON INHABITANTS OF
THE THROAT. SOMETIMES THEY CAUSESTREP THROAT OR EVEN MORE SERIOUS DISEASES LIKE NECROTIZING FASCIITIS (FLESH-EATING DISEASE)
Parts of the Immune System• Macrophages- A large and versatile immune cell
that acts as a microbe, a devouring phagocyte, an antigen presenting cell, and an important source of immune system secretions.
• B-cells- Small white blood cells crucial to the immune system defenses. They are also known as B-lymphocytes and they are derived from bone marrow and they develop into plasma cells that are the source of antibodies.
• Helper T-cells- They identify the invader and signal the B-cells to make the appropriate antibodies.
Parts of the Immune System (cont’d)
• Killer T-cells- When turned on or activated, they can target and destroy cancerous cells and cells harboring viruses.
• Suppresser T-cells- A subset of cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses.
• Thymus Gland- A primary lymphoid organ, high in the chest, where T-cells learn their jobs.
• Lymphnodes- Small bean-shaped organs distributed widely throughout the body and linked by lymphatic vessels. This is where B-cells make antibodies.
Parts of the Immune System (cont’d)
• Antibodies- A soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by B-cells in response to an antigen, which is capable of binding to that specific antigen.
• Antigens- Any substance that, when introduced into the body, is recognized by the immune system (the markers on the invaders).
• Memory T-cells- These cells “remember” the antigen and initiate a quick response if the antigen is detected again (secondary response).
EXPLAIN HOW THE PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER IN AN IMMUNE
SYSTEN RESPONSE.
• YOUR SKIN IS THE FIRST DEFENSE AGAINST GERMS
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE THE ONES WHO FIGHT GERMS
• THEY DIVIDE INTO 2 CLASSES: CALLED LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS AND T CELLS) AND PHAGOCYTES (MACROPHAGES AND NEUTROPHILS)
T AND B CELLS
• T-CEllS
• MATURES IN THE THYMUS (AN ORGAN NEAR YOUR HEART) T STANDS FOR THYMUS
• THEY ARE THE COMMANDER IN CHIEFS
• THEY CALL MACROPHAGES WHEN GERMS ENTER THE BODY
• B-CELLS
• THEY COMPLETE THE MATURATION OF BONES, AND ARE LATER FOUND IN LYMPHNODES, WHICH TRAVEL THE BLOOD AND LYMPHATETIC VESSELS, AND IS A FLUID CALLED LYMPH WHICH BATHES THE BODY’S TISSUES
• THEY BECOME PLASMA CELLS TO SPREAD ANTI BODIES
MACROPHAGES
• WHEN CALLED, THEY WILL MULTIPLY BY THE THOUSANDS AND GO TO WAR
• MEANS “CELL-EATER”
• EATS AWAY DEAD CELLS, GERMS AND OTHER WASTES
• MONOCYTES ARE PHAGOCYTES THAT CIRCULATE THE BLOOD, WHEN THEY MIGRATE: THEY BECOME MACROPHAGES
SMALLER DEFENSES
• ANTI BODIES HOLD ON TO THE ANTIGENS OF GERMS AND WAITS UNTIL A MACROPHAGE COMES AND EATS IT
• ANTIGENS ARE A SIGN THAT TRIGGERS AN IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE
• ANTI BODIES CAN KILL GERMS WITH THE HELP OF COMPLEMENT PROTEINS
• COMPLEMENT PROTEINS WORK WITH ANTI BODIES TO CREATE HOLES IN INVADERS AND INJECT A FLUID INTO GERMS UNTIL THEY POP
OTHER
• NEUTROPHILS ARE SIMILAR TO MONOCYTES EXCEPT SMALLER
• PHAGOCYTE MEANS “CELL EATER”
• LYMPHOKINS ARE CHEMICALS THAT CELLS USE TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACHY OTHER
• LYMPHNODESARE PLACES WHERE BATTLES OCCUR (FOUND IN ARMPIT, NECK AND GROIN) AND IS WHERE B AND T PLATOONS WAIT FOR INVADERS. A SWOLLEN GLAND IS A SIGN OF A RAGING BATTLE.
• PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA• THESE ARE COMMON SOIL BACTERIA THAT SOMEIMES CAUSE
INFECTIONS.
• SMALL POX• FIRST VIRUS FROM NATURE
• LEAST UNDERSTOOD AND VERY DESTRUCTIVE
• ONE DROPLET OF EXHALED MOISTURE FROM SOMEONE INFECTED CONTAINS A THOUSAND MORE VIRUSES THAN NEEDED TO INFECT A PERSON
WHAT ARE VACCINES, AND HOW ARE THEY MADE?
• VACCINES ARE A WAY OF BUILDING YOUR OWN ACTIVE IMMUNITY TO A VIRUS
• SCIENTISITS AND DOCTORS GROW THE VIRUS AND USE DEAD OR WEAKEN PARTICLES TO GIVE TO PEOPLE
HOW DO VACCINES WORK?
• VACCINES WORK BY GETTING A SHOT AND IT TEACHES YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM HOW TO FIGHT THE VIRUS
RESOURCES
• MRS. SZYCH’S HOMEPAGE
• CELLSALIVE.COM