chapter 10 immune system chapter 10 immune system
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Immune system Immune system
1. Components1. Components
1) Cells
① Lymphocyte: a. T-lymphocytes: • cytotoxic T cell: Tc C- kill the tumor cell,
virus infective cell and foreign cell• helper T cell: Th C- promotes activity of
BLC and Tc C• suppressor T cell: Ts C –regulate the fu
nction of BLC and TCb. B-lymphocytes: become into plasma cel
lc. NK cell: counteract virus infective cell a
nd tumor cell
②Plasma cell③antigen presenting
cell: a. dendritic cell: • Blood DC• Langerhans cell• interstitial cell• veiled cell• interdigitating cellb.macrophage: Mononuclear phagocyti
c system
④other cells: • granulated cell• mast cell• blood platelet• blood-borne stem cell*Function: i. immunologic defence functionii. immune surveillance functioniii. immune homeostasis
2) Lymphoid tissue
---reticular T:
• reticular cell: stellate-shaped with processes to form network
• reticular fiber
---lymphocytes, macrophage,
plasma cell
and mast cell
a. Diffuse LT:
• no clear boundary
• mainly consists of TLC
• postcapillary venules:
-high endothelial venules
-opening for LC enter LT from blood
b. Lymphoid nodule:
• spherical or ovoid
• have clear boundaries
• mainly composed of BLC
• germinal center: stained pale
* primary LN → secondary LN
3) Lymphoid organs
a. Central lymphoid organs:
thymus, bone marrow• developed earlier• blood-borne stem cell comes from yolk sac• microenvironment → proliferation
promoting• send LC to PLD and LT two weeks before
borne
b. Peripheral lymphoid organs: lymph node, spleen and palatine tonsil
• developed later
• LC come from CLO
• cell proliferation need antigen stimulating - antigen dependent
• place for immune reactions
2.thymus2.thymus
1) Structure of thymus ---capsule: CT→interlobular septum ---cortex: dark-staining ---medulla: lighter-staining ---consists of thymic epithelial cell, thymic
stromal cell and thymocytes
thymusthymus
1)cortex:
---thymic epithelial cell (epithelial reticular cell):
• subcapsular epithelial cell:
/flattened
/secret β 2-microglobulin, thymosin and thymopoietin
• interdigitation dendritic cell:
/more processes
/MHC antigen
---thymocyte:
different stages of LC
• large LC (prethymocyte): superfacial cortex
• common thymocyte: deep cortex- 85-90%
2) medulla: ---epithelial reticula
r cell• medullary epitheli
al cell: secret thymosin
• thymic corpuscle epithelial cell
---thymocyte, macrophage
thymic corpuscle: /spherical or ovoid, 30-50um in D /concentrically-arranged epithelial reticular cells /peripheral cell: inmature /near centra: mature /center cell: keratinased-eosinophilic, hyalinised, with invading of macrophage, eosinophil and LC /function: unknown
3) Blood-thymus barrier:
---Components• contineous endothelial cell• complete basement membra
ne of endothelium• peri-vessel space containing
macrophage• basal lamina of epithelial reti
cular cell• processes of epithelial reticul
ar cell
---Function
provide a stable environment for lymphocytes development
4) Thymus function:
a. Place for mature and differentiation of TLC
b. Immune regulation
3. Lymph node3. Lymph node
---widely distributed
---in groups
---ovoid or kidney-shaped with hilum
---afferent and efferent lymphatic vessel
1) Structure
---capsule: CT, trabeculae or septa
---cortex: outer densely-stained part
---medulla: inner paler-stained part
①Cortex:
a. superfacial cortex:
---lymphoid N: • BLC, Macrophage, Th, FDC• primary LN → secondary LN
*germinal center: central pale area
/dark zone: large, immature BLC, Th
/light zone: medium-sized BLC, Th, macrophage, FDC
/cap: small BLC
---diffuse LT: thin layer
FDC: (follicular dendritic cell)• light zone• no expression of MHC-II molecules (major his
tocompatibility complexes)• have Fc receptor and C3 receptor: collect the
antigen-antibody complexes and transfer them to BLC and Th C
• function:
i. active the BLC
ii. regulate the synthesis of antibody
b.Paracortex zone-deep cortex unit
---diffuse LT:• TLC, Marcophage, Th cell• interdigitating cell: DC cell -more processes -N: irregular -less organelle -express MHC-II
• postcapillary venules:
-thick endothelial cell
-LC within the wall
-opening for LC enter LN
c. Cortical sinus---subcapsular sinus: afferent LV enter---peritrabecular sinusstructure: • endothelium • RF and RC • cavity: -endothelial cell: stellate for support -macrophage: filter lymph -veiled cell: Langerhans cell ( phagocytose
antigen) → efferent LV → LN → paracortex zone
②Medulla
---medullary cord: LT cord:
/BLC, plasma cell, macrophage, mast cell
/postcapillary venules: channel
---medullary sinus:
/similar to cortical sinus and connect with cortical sinus
/more macrophage
③Passage of Lymph in LN
afferent LV →subcapsular sinuses→peritrabecular sinuses→(narrow channel) →medullary sinus→efferent LV
3) Functions:
a.Filter the lymph
b.Place to give rise to the immune response
c. Involve in the recirculation of LC
*Recirculation of LC: • LC (blood) →postcapillary venules → LN →
medulla → efferent LV → Blood →LN artery → postcapillary venules →LN
• Time: 24-48h
4. Spleen4. Spleen1) Structure
---capsule: thick DCT with SM and mesothelium, also form trabeculae
---white pulp
---marginal zone
---red pulp
① White pulp: • 1-2mm gray-white spots• periarterial lymphatic sheath: -central artery -diffuse LT : TLC, macrophage, interdigitating
cell• splenic corpuscle: -BLC, macrophage, FDC -lymphoid nodules
② Marginal zone: • 100um width• TLC, BLC, macrophage, less erythrocyte• marginal sinus: central artery’s branch- cha
nnel for antigen and LC enter LT• place: capture recognize and induce immun
e reaction
③ Red pulp: a. splenic cord: • LT cord• BLC, DC. M, TC , erythrocytes• place: filter bloodb. splenic sinus: • Blood sinus; 12-14um• endothelial cell: rod-liked, gap• RT• basal lamina: incomplete• M-more
2) Blood supply of spleen
splenic A→trabecular A→central A branches → marginal sinuses
penicillar Arterioles (including: pulp arteriole→ sheathed capillary→ arterial capillary) → splenic sinus→ pulp venule→ trabecular vein→ splenic vein
3) Function:
a. filter the blood
b. immune reaction
c. production of blood in fetus
d. blood storage: 40 ml
5.5. TonsilTonsil(Study by yourself)(Study by yourself)
---palatine tonsil
---pharyngeal tonsil
---lingual tonsil
1) palatine: ---structure: • Stratified squamous epi: invaginated t
o form many crypts• Epithelium of crypt contain LC, PC, Ma
and Langerhans cell• Space and channel between epi.cell: o
pening to crypt epi. surface, LC filling the channel- lymphoepithelial tissue
• Lamina propria: Diffuse LT and LN
THE END
谢 谢 !