This session will introduce the concept

of natural hazards and disasters at the

coast through the example of the recent

tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean.

Session 1: The 2004

Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster

(Source: NASA Earth Observatory; aerial photo of Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka on 12/26/04)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management CourseSlide 1. 1, Lecture Outline

Introduction: Natural Hazards in the Coastal Zone

Slide 1. 2, Introduction

Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in this course can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well.

A disaster is when a natural hazard clashes with humans and development.

The Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster of December 26, 2004 will be discussed in this session.

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

(Source:http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/2.html)

(Source: http://sunsite.nus.edu.sg/asiasvc.html)

The Setting – Natural Environment I

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management CourseSlide 1. 3, The Setting

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The Setting – Natural Environment II

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To see significant ridges in the Indian Ocean:

http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/worldmap3i.htm

Slide 1. 4, The Natural HazardSession 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

The Natural Hazard – What is a Tsunami?

Slide 1. 5, The Natural Hazard

To see a visual representation of tsunami generation, follow this weblink:

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/generation_small.mov

(Source:http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEng3.html)

The Natural Hazard – How it Happened

Slide 1. 6, The Natural Hazard

(Source: NOAA)

Use the links provided above to watch simulations of

tsunamis.

The tsunami of December 26, 2004 is believed to have been caused by a 9.0-9.3

magnitude earthquake, have a wave height of up to 10

meters, and inundated land up to 2 kilometers from the shoreline in some areas.

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

http://es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov

http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/swf/tsunami.swf?

path=/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/

The Disaster – Where it Happened

Slide 1. 7, The Disaster

(Source: www.reliefweb.int)

The tsunami struck a number of countries and took from 15 minutes to seven hours to reach the different coastlines.

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1380592,00.html

Follow this link to see a NOAA

slide show giving a timeline with places hit by the tsunami

(Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/ )

The Disaster – Human Loss

Slide 1. 8, The Disaster

This animation makes it possible to see how people and property could easily be swept out to the open ocean,

with devastating effects.

(Source: CNN; http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

Animation Example of run-up and its effects on the built environment: http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/runup4.mov

The Disaster – Property Loss

Slide 1. 9, The DisasterSession 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

Before and after satellite images of the damage(Source: NASA Earth Observatory)

The Disaster – Economic Loss

Slide 1. 10, The Disaster

(Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

(Source: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm)

The impact on coastal fishing communities and fishermen has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear

The Sri Lankan Ministry of Labour and Employment has estimated that as many as 800,000 people lost their jobs due to the tsunami.

The Setting – Socio-Political Environment

Slide 1. 11, The Setting

The countries most influenced by the tsunami include:

Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, India, & Sri Lanka

(Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_-_affected_countries.png)

(Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/press_releases/images/tsunami_map.gif)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

The Setting – Built Environment

(Source:http://tourism.gov.my/statistic/hotels_rooms_supply.asp)

May 18, 1980

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

State

Supply of Hotels Supply of Rooms

2003 2002 (%)

Change

2003 2002 (%)

Change

Kuala Lumpur 177   180   -1.7 27,045   26,917   0.5

Selangor 83   90   -7.8 12,182   11,910   2.3

Pulau Pinang 128   109   17.4 12,767   11,972   6.6

Johor 191   217   -12.0 10,778   12,136   -11.2

Melaka 79   85   -7.1 5,994   6,803   -11.9

Pahang 274   227   20.7 20,428   14,850   37.6

Kedah 124   106   17.0 10,435   9,631   8.3

Perak 167   167   0.0 7,685   7,527   2.1

Negeri Sembilan 51   58   -12.1 4,479   4,722   -5.1

Terengganu 181   142   27.5 6,913   5,903   17.1

Kelantan 65   63   3.2 2,834   2,564   10.5

Perlis 9   6   50.0 389   318   22.3

Labuan 22   21   4.8 931   964   -3.4

Sabah 183   167   9.6 10,580   9,904   6.8

Sarawak 255   240   6.3 10,940   10,421   5.0

Slide 1. 12, The Setting

Tourist Hotels contribute a large amount of

development to the built environment in the

coastal zones of the Indian Ocean, in sharp

contrast with the housing available to residents in this very

poor region.

Tourism, along with agriculture and fishing

are the major industries driving the economies of

Southeast Asia.

Supply of hotels in the states of Malaysia

Recovery Efforts

Slide 1. 13, Recovery Efforts

(Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/press_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html

)

The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake)

(Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4500992)

Reconstruction Efforts I

Slide 1. 14, Reconstruction EffortsSession 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course

Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/TsunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg)

Reconstruction Efforts II

(Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4500992)

(Source:http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20525827~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html)

Slide 1. 15, Reconstruction EffortsSession 1: The 2004 Tsunami DisasterCoastal Hazards Management Course