the 1960s: kennedy & johnson
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The 1960s: Kennedy & Johnson. Mr. Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High. Election of 1960. Republican Vice President Richard M. Nixon vs. Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy Nixon promises moderate reforms - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The 1960s:Kennedy & JohnsonMr. ErmerU.S. History HonorsMiami Beach Senior High
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Election of 1960• Republican Vice President Richard M. Nixon vs.
Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy ▫ Nixon promises moderate reforms▫ Kennedy promises new liberal reforms bigger than any since New Deal
Kennedy’s plan called the “New Frontier”• Kennedy’s youth and personality central to the campaign
▫ First presidential campaign television plays large part in▫ Nixon/Kennedy debate televised and carried on radio
• Kennedy wins election, overcoming doubts about his youth and religion, becoming nation’s first Catholic president
• November 22, 1963: Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, Texas▫ Lee Harvey Oswald arrested as shooter, Jack Ruby assassinated
Oswald▫ Chief Justice Earl Warren heads commission to investigate
assassination• Kennedy unable to push through his reforms before death
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Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ)• Vice President Johnson sworn in after Kennedy is shot
▫ Born poor, rose to power through Congress, believed in active power
▫ Great coalition builder, uses skill and Kennedy’s legacy to pass reforms
• Johnson wins election of 1964 against super conservative Rep.
• The Great Society—the “war on poverty”▫ Medicare and Medicaid, provide healthcare to elderly and poor▫ Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to assist poor
Controlled through “community action,” proves ineffective and corrupt
▫ Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)▫ Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965▫ Immigration Act of 1965
Eliminated the national quota system
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Kennedy’s Flexible Response• U.S. must use more than nuclear deterrence to fight communism
▫ Focus on ability to fight “limited wars” in “emerging areas”• Bay of Pigs
▫ Before leaving office, Eisenhower approves invasion of Cuba, using CIA-trained Cuban exiles
▫ When Kennedy took office, CIA had spent months training Cuban exiles in Guatemala, Castro also learned about the invasion from leak
▫ Exile force expects U.S. air support, uprising of Cubans against Castro▫ April 17, 1961: Castro forces ambush invasion, Kennedy cancels air
support, uprising never happens• August 13, 1961: Khrushchev orders building of Berlin Wall• Cuban Missile Crisis
▫ October 14, 1962: U.S. spy plane takes pictures of Soviet missile sties being built in western Cuba (Soviet answer to U.S. missiles in Turkey)
▫ October 22: Kennedy orders U.S. naval blockade of Cuba▫ October 26: Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles, if U.S. promises
not to invade Cuba—crisis over▫ “Hotline” installed in White House for direct contact with Kremlin
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Work On It:•On page 376, write and answer questions 1-
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