that other pesky 95% dark energy and dark matter prof. lawrence wiencke department of physics...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
That other pesky 95%Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Prof. Lawrence WienckeDepartment of Physics EngineeringColorado School of MinesNov 9 2011
![Page 2: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Dark SideThe Dark Side
95% of theUniverse Is Dark!
![Page 3: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy budget of Universe
• Stars and galaxies are only ~0.5%• Neutrinos are <1%• Rest of ordinary matter (electrons and protons) are ~5%• Dark Matter ~25%• Dark Energy ~70%• Anti-Matter 0%
![Page 7: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE HIGGS!?#
No Dark MatterNo Dark Energy
![Page 8: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
M81Spitzer Space Telescope
![Page 9: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
105
100
50
Expected if the mass of the galaxy = the mass we can see
Observed
Some sort of invisible Mass must extend out ~10 times further than the stars!
Ro
tati
on
sp
eed
Distance from the center
Vera Rubin 1980s
![Page 10: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Full Court Press!!Produce at an acceleratorDetect them in our haloDetect annihilation products
![Page 11: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dark Matter annihilating in our halo should produce positrons,
neutrinos and gamma rays
![Page 12: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Evidence for Dark Matter from Lensing
Einstein: Gravity bends light
Light travels along straight lines unless it passes a massive object.
Light coming from behind a massive object such as a star, a galaxy, a cluster of galaxies or a clump of dark matter will be bent the same way a glass lens works.
The more massive the object, the more gravity it has and the more the light is bent
![Page 13: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
giant arcs are galaxies behind the cluster, gravitationally lensed
Zoom in on a galaxy cluster – Gravity from the invisible matter is bending light and we can see the distorted images that result
![Page 14: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Michael S Turner
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background, 1964
![Page 15: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Michael S Turner
The Universe circa 380,000 yrsWMAP
±0.001% Fluctuations
![Page 16: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
fraction of a second later
Hot Primordial Soup
380,000 years later
Radiation Last Scattered
13.78 thousand-million years later
Today
DARK MATTERfrom the
Primordial Soup
DARK MATTERfrom the
Primordial Soup
![Page 17: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Most of the matter is dark
and
it’s not even “normal” stuff!
Tip of the IcebergTip of the Iceberg
![Page 18: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
STRING THEORY - 11 dimensions and more …..
Go to 11???
![Page 19: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
What is Dark Energy ?What is Dark Energy ?
“ ‘Most embarrassing observation in physics’ – that’s the only quick thing I can say about dark energy that’s also true.”
Edward Witten
![Page 20: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Discovery! – 1998
Hi z Supernova TeamSupernova Cosmology Project
Brian P. SchmidtSaul Perlmutter
Adam G. Riess
Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
![Page 21: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Inquiring into Dark Energy
22
NSTA - Baltimore 2006
A dying star becomes a white dwarf.
1. Create a White Dwarf
![Page 23: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Inquiring into Dark Energy
23
NSTA - Baltimore 2006
The white dwarf strips gas from its stellar companion….
2. Dump more mass onto it
![Page 24: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Inquiring into Dark Energy
24
NSTA - Baltimore 2006
….and uses it to become a hydrogen bomb. Bang!
3. Until it explodes
![Page 25: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Inquiring into Dark Energy
25
NSTA - Baltimore 2006
The explosion is as bright as an entire galaxy of stars….…..and can be seen in galaxies across the universe.
4. Observe it in a distant galaxy
![Page 26: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a telescope Fermilab helped build and operate.
It has a 2.4m mirror and no Dome
Located in New Mexico• First started collecting images in 2000•120 MegaPixel digital camera
SDSShas measured ~ 1 million galaxies and over 500 type 1a Supernova and also found that the expansion of the universe is accelerating
![Page 27: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SDSS-II Supernova Survey
~500 Well studied SNe Ia, suitable for framing
![Page 28: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Our Universe’s Expansion is Accelerating!
time
exp
ansi
on open
closed
accelerating
Now
![Page 29: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
“The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. Those to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, are as good as dead: their eyes are closed.”
Albert Einstein
![Page 31: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
95% of theUniverse Is Dark!
What can we learn about it?
Will!!
![Page 32: That other pesky 95% Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof. Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649c9c5503460f9495a29d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)