thailand's cut orchid export to india 2015

2

Assignment This assignment submitted

in partial fulfillment of the

requirements of 1210322

International Logistics and

Supply Chain Management

Course,

Mae Fah Luang University,

First Semester, 2015

GROUP MEMBER

5531210128 Mr. Nattapol Wattana

5531210150 Mr. Tanade Sirinumas

5531210164 Miss Noppasorn

Amphanratana

5531210301 Miss Waranchaya Deeluea

5531210302 Mr. Waranyou Athajar

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2

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Content

Industry Overview 6

Company’s Profile 8

Production 10

Current Market 14

New Market Opportunity 15

Market Analysis 18

Competitive Advantage Matrix 19

Diamond Model 21

SWOT Analysis 26

Logistics and Supply Chain Management 31

Logistics and Delivery System 32

Mode of Transport 32

Container Management 34

Logistics Costs 35

Supply Chain 36

4

Content

Business Model Canvas 39

Customer Segmentation and Targeting 40

Value Proposition Canvas 42

Marketing Mix 44

Product 45

Price 48

Place 48

Promotion 49

Marketing Plan 50

Risk Analysis 51

Internal Risk 52

External Risk 53

Business Plan 55

One Page Business Plan 56

References 57

Appendix 61

6

ORCHID EXPORT INDUSTRY

Industry Overview

Thailand is the most important tropical orchid planters in the world, especially Dendrobium because of appropriate weather. Thai Orchid Industry has developed the process of orchid planting in order to trade and export for 50 years and has become the first rank of country exporting tropical orchid of the world by having the value of exporting plant orchid from 553 million (in 2011) to 760 million (in 2014) or growing up around 37.46% (Office of Agricultural Economics, 2015).

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The value of exporting plant orchid of Thailand increases from 553 million (in 2011) to 760 million (in 2014) or growing up around 37.46%.

-

100,000,000

200,000,000

300,000,000

400,000,000

500,000,000

600,000,000

700,000,000

800,000,000

2011 2012 2013 2014

Valu

e (B

aht)

Value of Exporting Plant Orchid

37.46 %

8

Company’s Profile

Thai Tewa Orchid Co., Ltd.

Thai Tewa Orchid Co., Ltd. We grow elegance for your banquets.

hai Tewa Orchid Co., Ltd., owner of Angel Orchid Garden, is orchid producer and exporter that has operated over 25 years by exporting orchid to Japan under the “Ran No Tenshi” brand that have over 250

customers. The company is also expanding their market to India to meet high demands in Indian orchid market under the Thai Tewa Orchid brand.

Tel. 032 916 000 www.angelorchid.co.th

T

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Address:

Thai Tewa Orchid Co., Ltd. Angel Orchid Garden

69, Moo 6, Cham Rae, Photharam, Ratchaburi, Thailand 70120

Reason why we locate in Ratchaburi:

Because there is an orchid cluster called “Orchid Cluster Ratchaburi Group.” The cluster was aim to boost competitive rivalry within cluster. The Orchid Cluster Ratchaburi Group is not only an orchid producer but they are also the exporter of orchid flowers that reached international standards (Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011).

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Production

Area:

26 Rai 1 Ngan and 58 Square wah or 42,232 square meter

Production Plan:

18 employees 3 shift: 05:00 - 13:00, 13:00 - 21:00, and 21:00 - 05:00

Capacity:

10,600 stems per day or 53 large carton boxes per day

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Production Processes Source: Kaset Hot News, 2015

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2

3

4

Select

Slice Classify Place

orchid flower stems with 60 to 70 percent of the blooms open.

horizontally through the stem with the knife.

and sizing of cut orchid by its quality and length span.

the cut orchids in form of bundle.

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5

6

7

8

CUT

Place Put bundle

off the bottom of the stem in the same manner.

its end immediately into the bucket of preservation solution and allow the orchid’s stem to soak for 4-10 hours.

the tube that contain water with glucose to the end of stem.

up the cut orchids.

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9

10

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12

classify

wrap pack move

and sizing of cut orchid.

them with OPP plastic that describe their size and quality class.

them into inner tray and then to the large carton box with clear labeling.

them to controlled temperature room.

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Current Market

We produce pinky shade of cut Dendrobium orchids which resembled to the color of Sakura petals which mostly Japanese prefer and wrap them into a bouquet then export to Japan via Japan Airlines to Haneda Airport. After the orchid arrived at the airport, we will use car transport transfers the orchid to Ota Flower Auction Market and distributes to other points of the country for selling to the end customers.

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NEW MARKET

OPPORTUNITY

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India has the potential to become the export orchid market of Thailand, especially wedding planner industry and hotel industry.

Launch a new product / enter a new market

Our new product is Dendrobium orchids which have more colors and dyed orchids because, nowadays, Indian people are not much interested in the various type of the orchid, they tend to prefer Dendrobium orchids (Department of International Trade Promotion, 2014, p. 10). In addition, they prefer natural color orchids such as purple and white orchids, vibrant color orchids (both monochrome and two-tone

colors), and dyed orchids such as blue and green orchids which is their personal taste in order to set their wedding event (Prathumpong, Pattanakiat, and Sukprasert, 2013, p. 38 - 46). Indians also believed that high quality orchids represent their wealthy. In order to meet Indian demand, we create our new product which is cut Dendrobium orchids that have various color and color dyed orchid.

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MARKET ANALYSIS

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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

MATRIX

Thailand has strong country-specific advantage and strong firm-specific advantage.

Strong

Country-specific advantages

Weak

Country-specific advantages

Weak

Firm-specific

advantages

Strong

Firm-specific

advantages

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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

STRONG COUNTRY-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

STRONG FIRM-SPECIFIC ADVANTAGE

Thailand is the largest exporter of fresh orchid cut flowers to India devoting 80.67% of total import followed by Netherlands 15.54%, New Zealand 2.29% and China 1.50% respectively. The import of fresh orchid cut flowers is being made into two categories which are orchids with tube and orchids without tube (loose orchid). All the import of loose fresh cut orchids is from Thailand and orchids with tube are from many countries by the dominant 95% of cut orchids are Dendrobium. Countries that export Dendrobium orchid to India are Thailand and Netherlands, but market share of Thailand’s Dendrobium orchid is much higher than Netherlands. Also, Indian people tend to do business based on trust and building relationship, so they tend to order goods from the same supplier.

Moreover, the quality of the orchid from Thailand is better than other countries. From all of these factors made Thailand be number one orchid exporter to India.

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DIAMOND MODEL

Factor conditions

As Thailand located in tropical climate, so it has benefit in order to produce Dendrobium orchids.

There are many professional orchid agriculturists in Thailand.

Agriculturists can access easily to financial support.

Thailand also has laboratory for orchid growing improvement.

Thai Cargo and BFS are operators who provide 16,000 cubic meters of cold chain storage at Suvarnabhumi airport

Thai orchids can export to Japan, the major market, 8,000 tons according to Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA) but Thailand can produce only 2,000 to 3,000 tons which is the opportunity loss because poor quality of orchids.

Demand condition

80% of imported flowers in India are orchid flowers which mostly from Thailand.

Indian use flowers for religious ceremony, decorate in events or festivals. Orchid mostly use in hotel, temple, and wedding decoration.

Since 2013, India has moved from rank 6 to rank 5 of the exported cut orchids from Thailand. Moreover, Thailand is the only country that can increase export value.

Italy is the most important market in European.

Russia, Africa, Jordan and Israel are the new countries who are interested in Thai orchids.

In 2015, the overall trend of exporting orchids in many market including Japan, USA, Netherland, and China will be better.

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DIAMOND MODEL

Demand condition

(continued)

The value of exporting orchids on January to February in 2014 decreased as a result of deceleration of global economic.

Another reason is price of orchids during February to March and August to October 2014 was declining as a result of too much volume of exporting orchids.

The customers’ need always wants new breeds despite economic deceleration.

Firm strategy,

structure and rivalry

Flower auction centre wants to import orchids from Thailand to meet their increasing demand (International Trade Centre, 2015).

Taiwan is the most orchid plant exporter with the export value of 2,544 Dollar Taiwan. While Thailand is the second orchid plant exporter (Department of International Trade

Promotion, 2011). High technology in Taiwan

entrepreneurs makes them can produce more than Thailand (Dou, 2013).

Netherland uses automation in the orchid’s plant process, for example, each plant has a QR code at the bottom of its plastic pot. QR code will gather the data on the employees who handle the orchids, adding more workers productivity (Morris, 2015).

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DIAMOND MODEL

Related and

supporting industries

Orchids are used in the tourism and hospitality industry because they are the symbols of exoticism and luxury. Moreover, Tourism’s trend is growing up faster than global economic in 2015. By 2015, the long-term forecast of global tourism is continued annual growth at 3.8% in the next ten year to $11.4 trillion.

Government

Department of International Trade Promotion under the Ministry of Commerce has established the regulations for cut orchid exporters to encourage more investments by exempting export duty and provided tax incentives for exporting to some developed countries (Department of International Trade Promotion, 2014).

The Board of Investment of Thailand (BOI) has made the special policies of investment procedures about the ownership ratio of Thai and foreigner that the business that relate to orchid production must has at least 51% of Thai ownership in regard to the low competition potential of Thai orchid business owners. Previously, BOI used to give the permission to have up to 100% foreign ownership in orchid and other agricultural businesses (Manager Online, 2009).

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DIAMOND MODEL

Government

(Continue)

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative and The Secretariat of the Cabinet have promote Orchid Market with the cooperation with members of Thai Orchid Entrepreneur Cooperative Ltd. to the long-term goal of sustainability in orchid price, equilibrium in supply and demand and increase the growth of orchid export by exhibiting orchid show and orchid market at the provinces that located at the border of Thailand to promote Thai orchids to neighboring countries, and promoting in foreign countries like China, Brunei and India (Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, 2015).

Government

(Continue)

Ministry of Finance Tax Clinic has provide the one point of services which bring together The Revenue Department, The Excise Department and The Customs Department to encourage SMEs, small firms and newcomers activities along with providing all information and knowledge about tariffs (Ministry of Finance, 2013).

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DIAMOND MODEL

In summary, Thailand has the opportunity to export orchid due to increasing of demand in India. Moreover, Indian prefers imported orchids that are expensive especially from Thailand which represent wealth and high social status. Indian geographical and temperature are flavored for planting various type of orchid flower. However, skilled labors are lacked to manage and develop orchid business. In recent years, many of Indian companies have been imported orchid sprout from Thailand and sell them to local growers. But that does not seem to be effect the value of export cut orchids from Thailand to India due to a lack of knowledge, proper plant material and techniques to grow high quality orchids on a commercial scale. Furthermore, Thailand has the facility to support the business, for example, 16,000 cubic meters of cold chain storage at Suvarnabhumi airport. In rivalry aspect, Taiwan is the most terrible competitor because they has high technology and is the 1st orchid plant exporter while Thailand is the 2nd orchid plant exporter. However, Thailand is also the 1st of cut orchid and get the support from government and many industry such as tourism and hospitality industry.

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SWOT ANALYSIS

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STRENGTHS

1 Our orchid is high orchid quality and guaranteed by Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 5001-2009)

2

The weather, humidity and geography are suitable for planting the Dendrobium.

3

Thai orchid planters gather to develop and improve the orchid quality and transportation.

4

Thai orchids are well known in international markets.

5

There are high innovation and technology to develop new orchid breeds.

6

Dendrobium orchids can be planted all year round.

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WEAKNESSES

1

Orchids are perishable goods.

2

Shortage of skilled labors.

OPPORTUNITIES

1

Indian is interested in Dendrobium orchids which is the most production from Thailand.

2

India and Thailand have long relationship history. To celebrate 66 years of diplomatic relations in 2013, India’s ‘Look East’ policy and Thailand’s ‘Look West’ policy have been harmonizing in associating bilateral relations, including economic and commercial linkages (Embassy of India, 2015).

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THREATS

1

Imported orchid from Thailand is more expensive than local flower in India, due to imported flower need to pay tax around 28.3 percent.

2

Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2014 ranked Thailand 85 out of 178 countries which reflect to sign of widespread bribery, lack of punishment for corruption and public institutions that don’t respond to citizens’ needs.

3

India has the opportunity to cultivate orchid, so they do not need to import orchid (Vellekoop, 2015).

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LOGISTCS

AND

SUPPLY

CHAIN

MANAGEMENT

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LOGISTICS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS Our company chooses DAT (Deliver at Terminal) that seller must be

responsible for products until they are offloaded from carrier to destination such as terminal.

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION

In domestic transport, we select Bangkok Cold Storage to be our logistics provider to deliver orchids to airport to send to India by using cold system to handle our orchids.

In International transport, we select air transport because orchid is perishable goods, so it needs speed to deliver. Moreover, we choose Thai Airways International Public Company Limited to deliver our product because of its quality during deliver.

Thai Airways

Day of Service per

Week

Departure Time

Flight No. Arrival Time

Stop Freight Rate per Kg. (THB)

7 18.55 TG 317 22:00 Nonstop 50.54

The freight rate is calculated from this rate of Thai Airways:

Unit: USD

Country Destination Over 45 kgs. Over 500 kgs.

India Mumbai 1.40 1.20

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CONTAINER MANAGEMENT

Size of our large carton box: 580 x 380 x 74 mm. We export 53 large carton boxes per day. Size of our extra large carton box: 600 x 400 x 390 mm. Extra large carton box contains 5 of large carton boxes. So we export 10 extra large carton boxes and 3 large carton boxes. ---------------- LD3-COOLTAINER’s dimension: 79 x 60.4 x 64 inches = 2,006.6 x 1,534.16 x 1,625.6 mm. LD3-COOLTAINER’s area: 3,078,445.456 mm2 (2,006.6 mm. x 1,534.16 mm.) Extra large carton box’s area: 240,000 mm2 (600 mm. x 400 mm.) 3,078,445.456 240,000 ≈ 12 ------------------- LD3-COOLTAINER’s height: 1,625.6 mm. Extra large carton box’s height: 390 mm. 1,625.6 390 ≈ 4 ------------------------------------- × ; 12 × 4 = 48 One of LD3-COOLTAINER can contained 48 of extra large boxes. ; We export about 10 extra large carton boxes per day. So we need only one LD3-COOLTAINER.

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LOGISTICS COSTS

Our company has the logistics costs from 3 major activities namely Warehousing (included electric cost and labor), Packaging, and Transportation (Divided to Domestic and International) which are shown in the following table.

Unit: THB

Logistics Activities Cost per box Cost per stem

Warehousing 2.8 0.014

Packaging 110 0.55

Domestic Transportation 72.81 0.364

International Transportation 253.357 1.267

Total 438.968 2.195

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SUPPLY

CHAIN

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SUPPLY CHAIN

SUPPLIERS

Doi Tung Development Project Laboratory service on tissue culture and seed germination

Bangkok Flowers Centre Co., Ltd. Laboratory service on tissue culture and seed germination

Siam Makro Packaging wholesaler

BEI Hawaii Chemical and fertilizer supplier

PRODUCER

Thai Tewa Orchid Co., Ltd. Cut Dendrobium orchid producer

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LOGISTICS PROVIDERS

Thai Airways International Air cargo service provider

Bangkok Cold Storage Service Ltd. Cold storage service and transportation provider

CUSTOMERS

Domestic: Pak Khlong Talat and Talad Thai market

International: Hotels in Mumbai, India Wedding Planners in Mumbai, India And Orchid Flower Dealers in Mumbai, India

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Business Model Canvas

Key Partners Suppliers Government Organizations Cooperatives Logistics Providers

Key Activities Take care of orchid Cut & pack Develop breed

Value Proposition High quality cut Dendrobium orchid for customers’ best banquets

Customer Relationship Satisfy customers’ expectation

Customer Segments Domestic market Hotels, Wedding Planners, and Orchid Flower Dealers in Mumbai, India

Key Resources Breed of orchid Cut & pack technique

Channels Website Telephone Email

Cost Structure Operating cost Administration cost Marketing Cost

Revenue Streams Cut Dendrobium orchid sale

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Customer Segmentation and Targeting

Main Target:

Hotels and Wedding Planners in Mumbai (59%)

The 12 Best Luxury Hotels in Mumbai 1. Sofitel Mumbai BKC 2. The Taj Mahal Palace Mumbai 3. The Oberoi, Mumbai 4. The Leela Mumbai 5. The Maratha Mumbai 6. Vivanta by Taj President Mumbai 7. The Grand Central Mumbai 8. InterContinental Marine Drive Mumbai 9. The Lalit Mumbai 10. Four Seasons Hotel Mumbai 11. The Westin Mumbai Garden City 12. Hilton Mumbai International Airport Hotel

Top 10 Wedding Planners in Mumbai 1. The Wedding Co. 2. Marry Me Weddings 3. SR Event Planners 4. Wedniksha 5. Parinaya Wedding Management 6. Wedding Dreams 7. VarVadhu 8. The Wedding Designers 9. Party Cruisers 10. The Wedding Soul

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Customer Segmentation and Targeting

Secondary Target:

Orchid Flower Dealers in Mumbai (41%)

Orchid Flower Dealers at Dadar market in Mumbai 1. Fragrance Flower N Decor 2. Sainath Flower 3. Beauty Florist 4. Tarun Flowers 5. Vimal Flower Arts

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VALUE PROPOSITION CANVAS

Customer Jobs:

Customers need fresh orchid.

Gain:

1. Hotel and Wedding: Customers want high standard of orchid in order to be proud and show luxury. Moreover,

2. Many color options of orchid for many events 3. Delivery in time is considered as customers’ want in order to use anytime

they want.

Pain:

1. Customers are afraid of withered or low standard of orchids. 2. There are bugs in the orchids.

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Products and Services:

Fresh and intensive colored orchids

Gain Creator:

1. Provide high standard of orchid and we are the imported brand so we can make customers proud when they select our product.

2. Our orchid has many colors and the white orchid can be dyed to any color 3. We have the retailer that can serve customers any time and we also have

the option when the airline will not fly this route or delay. 4. We can prolong orchid life by using Argon gas and genetic engineering.

Pain Reliever:

1. We are approved by Plant Quarantine Order 2003 in order to protect the defection and insect that may come along with imported orchids, so the customers can ensure that our orchids will not carry the insects or any disease.

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MARKETING

MIX

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PRODUCT

Our products are cut Dendrobium orchids which have natural color orchids such as purple and white orchids, vibrant color (both monochrome and two-tone colors), and dyed orchids such as blue and green orchids.

They are high quality orchids guaranteed by Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 5001-2009) and approved by Plant Quarantine Order 2003 in order to protect the defection and insect.

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NEW DIFFERENT BETTER

Our orchids are more prolong life than other company because of using Argon gas and new genetic engineering.

SIZE

We have 3 size of cut Dendrobium orchids.

PACKAGING

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Each inner tray contains 50 stems which be locked in order to prevent defect during transportation.

There is the label on the inner tray to show the picture and detail of orchids.

The 4 inner trays are placed inside the large carton box, so the large carton box contains 200 stems.

And 5 large carton boxes will be placed inside an extra large carton box for transportation.

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Price

Size M (45 - 49 cm.) = 1,200 - 1,800 baht / large carton box

Size L (50 - 55 cm.) = 1,800 - 2,400 baht / large carton box

Size LL (56 cm. up) = 2,400 - 3,000 baht / large carton box

Payment system

We accept payment by direct wire transfer; transfer your money through cross border clearance, western union service or PayPal in at least 7 days advance before sending the shipment.

Place

Website: www.angleorchid.co.th Email www.thaitrade.com Telephone www.tradeindia.com Alibaba

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Promotion

1. We do the advertizing in 2 Indian Magazines which are Floricultural Today (India’s monthly journal magazine which is popular for its commercial flower planting, nursing and florist sector) and Indian Weddings Magazine.

2. We do the seasonal promotion to agencies (B2B) such as providing discount or extend payment period if they order in the specific amount.

3. We also do the exhibition or road show at Thailand Week 2016 in Chandigarh to promote our products. This event will be allowed us to meet new customers (Department of International Trade Promotion, 2015).

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MARKETING

PLAN

Plan \ Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Providing discount when agencies buy orchid at specific amount in order to encourage sale because of Indian wedding is intensive during September to March.

/ / / / /

Sponsor Femina Miss India and Filmfare Award by using orchids to decorate the fare and show our logo at the orchids to attract agencies.

/ / / /

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RISK

ANALYSIS

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INTERNAL RISK

Risk Identification Risk Assessment Risk Mitigation

1

Breeding mutation

The output does not meet demand (Not match in color)

Employ the scientist to track the result all the time to protect mutation

2

Mistake during production (cut or plant)

Product is defective and cannot be delivered

Training employee and test every year

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EXTERNAL RISK


1

Debt is extended the period of payment from 1 month to 6 months

Thai exporters suffer the deficit of cash flow around 5 - 6 months

1. We should reserve cash for unexpected event.

2. We should contact with the reliable customers to reduce this risk.

2

Unstable freight rate, it depends on seasonal demand.

It is hard to forecast the transportation cost.

We have to forecast which period that price will increase and manage the cost carefully. So we have to check the price continually.

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EXTERNAL RISK


3

Water shortage/ drought

Withered petal 1. Building clarifier or dig ground water

2. Allocating water and irrigation

3. Inspecting water quality

4

Flooding Suffering loss for 2 years because growers need to re-plant.

1. Build waterproof barrier

2. Emergency reversed fund for at least 2 years

5

Loss in currency exchange

Getting Loss from uncertainty of currency exchange

Do Indian currency future contract

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Business Plan

MAJOR PLAN

Entering India market focusing on major customer that are hotels and wedding organizers and secondary customers that are dealers by providing orchids that has the customized color to be customers’ options.

ALTERNATIVA PLAN

Change Product and Country:

Selling to cosmetic company to make the rejuvenating cream and sell to Japan because Japan will become aging society so they have to care their skin.

SHORT TERM PLAN

1. Providing promotion to motivate customers during out peek season. 2. Sponsor Femina Miss India and Filmfare Award by using orchids to decorate

the fare and show our logo at the orchids to show beautiful orchids to customers.

LONG TERM PLAN

1. Doing marketing together with the no.1 of wedding organizer to make other organizers trust quality of our orchids.

2. Expanding market to other cities of India in 2-3 years 3. Planting new breed and new packaging to meet new customer segment in

4-5 years.

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One Page Business Plan

1. Background

Our current market, Japan, suffer the domestic economic problem. Demand in Japan will decrease

2. Current Conditions

1. Selling price is decreased 2. Demand also decrease

3. Goals/Targets

Find new market

4. Analysis

1. Japan is in the economic problem so the demand in orchids also decrease

2. Demand is less than supply so the price will be decreased.

5. Proposed Countermeasures

Find new market by choosing from the statistic of orchid demand

6. Plan

1. Search countries which prefer orchids

2. Select the countries that has much demand in Dendrobium

3. Choose India because it has good logistics system and potential to grow.

7. Follow up

1. Evaluate performance at the end of year

2. Check the environment that can impact our business continually (Political, or Economic)

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References

Department of International Trade Promotion. (2011, October 5). Thai Orchid Situation Part 2. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.thaitrade.com/trade_detail.php?id=96

Department of International Trade Promotion. (2014). Summary laws / regulations and procedures for export: Orchids. Summary Laws / Regulations and Procedures for Export: Orchids. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://onestopservice.ditp.go.th/download/export/ex_8-1.pdf

Department of International Trade Promotion. (2014). Main customers and consumers in India's orchid market. Orchid in India, 10-10. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.thaiembassy.org/mumbai/contents/files/information-20140530-132521-242068.pdf

Department of International Trade Promotion. (2015). Thailand Week 2016 Chandigarh. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://application.ditp.go.th/activity/index/detail?activityid=5550

Dou, E. (2013, October 17). How the Precious Orchid Got So Cheap. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304330904579137460770908586

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References (Continued)

Embassy of India. (2015). India Thailand Economic and Commercial Relations. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.indianembassy.in.th/pages.php?id=174

International Trade Centre. (2015, June 18). Chinese auction wants more Thai orchids. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.intracen.org/blog/Chinese-auction-wants-more-Thai-orchids/

Kaset Hot News (Producer). (2015, January 28). How to become the export orchids [Television broadcast]. In Kaset Hot News. Bangkok: Thailand Colour Television Channel 3.

Manager Online. (2009, November 16). BOI prevent the western take over farming in Thailand. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.manager.co.th/Daily/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9520000138627

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. (2015, January 19). Prime Minister attended the opening of "High quality market," began the first week on 19-25 January 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.moac.go.th/ewt_news.php?nid=14204

Ministry of Finance. (2013). Orchids tax clinic. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://taxclinic.mof.go.th/products/detail.php?ID=72

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References (Continued)

Morris, M. (2015, May 22). DUTCH FLOWER INDUSTRY BLOOMS THROUGH AUTOMATION. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/dutch-flower-industry-blooms-through-automation/

Office of Agricultural Economics. (2015). Agricultural Import Export. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.oae.go.th/oae_report/export_import/export_result.php

Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board. (2011). Orchid Cluster Ratchaburi Group. Orchid Cluster Ratchaburi Group. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.nesdb.go.th/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=mPncXNN8JX8=&tabid=426&mid=1082

Prathumpong, N., Pattanakiat, S., & Sukprasert, P. (2013). The Study on the Logistics of Orchids as an Export. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Communication, 9(2 (2013)), 38-46. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.aec.agr.ku.ac.th/document/attach/attach_09Jun2014101222.pdf

Vellekoop, E. (2015, June 22). Good opportunities to cultivate orchids in India. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from http://www.floraldaily.com/article/1109/Good-opportunities-to-cultivate-orchids-in-India

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Appendix

thailand's cut orchid export to india 2015

Education