TEXTILE CHEMISTRY

TERM PROJECT

FORBIDDEN

DYESTUFFS

WHY SOME TEXTILE

DYESTUFFS ARE FORBIDDEN?

ENVIRONMENTALREASONS

HEALTHREASONS

SOME EXAMPLES FOR

FORBIDDEN DYESTUFFS

• Chlorobenzenes

• Short-chainchlorinated paraffins

• Heavy metals: cadmium, lead, mercury andchromium

• Azo dyes

• Alkylphenols

• Phthalates

• Brominated andchlorinated flameretardants

• Perfluorinatedchemicals

• Organotincompounds

ALKYLPHENOLS

• toxic to aquatic life

• persist in theenvironment

• accumulate in body tissue and biomagnify

• include

nonylphenols (NPs)

and octylphenols

• in cleaning and

dyeing processes

PHTHALATES

• reprotoxic in mammals

• interfere withdevelopment of thetestes in early life

• artificial leather, rubber and PVC andin some dyes

• high toxicity

BROMINATED AND

CHLORINATED FLAME

RETARDANTS

• used for fireproof(flame retardent)

• effects on thehormonesystems

• persistent andbioaccumulativechemicals in environment

PERFLUORINATED

CHEMICALS

• make textileand leatherproducts bothwater andstain-proof

• persist in theenvironment

• can accumulate in body tissueandbiomagnify

• affect the liver

• changing therates of hormones

ORGANOTIN

COMPOUNDS

• used in productssuch as socks, shoes and sportclothes toprevent smell

• persists in theenvironment

• affect immuneand reproductivesystems

CHLOROBENZENES

• contain Hexachlorobenzene(HCB)

• solvents and biocides, in the manufacture of dyes

• affect the liver, thyroid andcentral nervous system

• hormone disruptor

SHORT-CHAIN

CHLORINATED

PARAFFINS

• flame retardants and

finishing agents for

leather and textiles

• highly toxic

• accumulate in

living organisms

HEAVY METALS: CADMIUM, LEAD,

MERCURY AND CHROMIUM

• certain dyes andpigments

• highly toxic even at low concentrations

• certain textileprocesses and leathertanning

• accumulate in thebody over time

• damage to thenervous system

• kidneys

• to cause cancer

AZO DYES

• one of the main types of dyes

• contain aromaticamines

• some azo pigmentsfounded to be toxic

• cause cancer

• mutagenic

MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF

Azo dyestuffs are manufactured by a so

called diazotization process.

MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF

MANUFACTURE OF AZO DYESTUFF

DETECTION OF BANNED AZO

DYESTUFF IN TEXTILES

• The detection of banned azocolourant;

cellulose ,such as cotton,

protein fibres, viscose, wool and silk.

synthetic fibres (polyester and polyacrylate)

• using an organic solvent.

TWO DIFFERENT METHODS IS APPLIED

TO DETECTION OF DYESTUFF.

• Method B 82.02-2

• Made of cellulose and proteinbasedfibers (cotton, viscose, wool, silk)

• Method B 82.02-4

• Made of synthetic fibres (polyesters and polyacrylate)

THAT FOUR AROMATIC AMINES HAVE A

CARCINOGENIC EFFECT IN HUMANS

o benzidine

o 2-naphthylamine

o 4-aminodiphenyl

o 4-chloro-o-toluidine

WHICH PRODUCTS DO NEED TO BE

TEST FOR AZO DYES:

• Clothing, bedding, towel, hairpiece, cap, diaper and other textiles

• Shoe, glove, watch guard, reticule, various purse, brief case, chair cover

• Toys of clothing with textile or leather, synthetic dyes, organic dyes

THE FORBIDDEN DYESTUFFS IN

TURKEY

Non-toxic and environmentally friendly consumer goods

Turkey has an important place in textiles

Opportunity for the dye and chemical producers

LAWS

OEKO-TEX®

Confidence in Textiles