Text Analysis and Visualisation:

An Overview of Tools

□ Segmentation or tokenisation □ Often based on the fact that there are generally

spaces in between words □ Types are the unique words in a document;

tokens are the total number of words

He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision,--he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath-- 'The horror! The horror!‘

28 tokens and 21 types

Studies based on vocabulary

Frequency lists

Frequency list produced using TaporWare

Stopword filtering

Frequency list produced using TaporWare

Type-token ratio

Graph produced using R

Concordances

Concordance produced using AntConc

Distribution

Voyant Type Frequencies Chart

Voyant BubbleLines

Tapor Distribution

Collocation

List produced using TaporWare

List produced using AntConc

Co-occurrence

List produced using TaporWare

Clustering

Dendrogram produced using Lexomics

PCA created using Tapor and R

Information extraction

Conclusions

□ Text analysis tools may produce new views on the text

□ There are caveats; Tools are based on assumptions on how texts ought to be analysed

□ Customisations of existing tools are generally needed for more specific research question

□ Identification of appropriate tools via library

support