tetra positioning
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TETRA Positioning. Ranko Pinter TETRA Association. Agenda. Who needs PMR? why the PMR is different If PMR why TETRA? what makes TETRA special? Is TETRA for me? who are TETRA users? The Future How futureproof is TETRA?. Who needs PMR?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TETRA Positioning
Ranko PinterTETRA Association
Agenda
• Who needs PMR?
– why the PMR is different
• If PMR why TETRA?
– what makes TETRA special?
• Is TETRA for me?
– who are TETRA users?
• The Future
– How futureproof is TETRA?
Who needs PMR?
…. with cellular subscribers in their billions is there a need for PMR?
Needs of Professional UsersGuaranteed service- under normal conditions and
during incidents & even disasters
- Planned capacity for emergency handling- Semi-duplex (only one channel per group per site)
Fast group communications
- Few hundred ms set-up time
- Good dispatching facilities
- Dynamic group management
Specific functionality- Emergency calls (pre-emptive)
- Security
- Monitoring,
- Status messages
Limitations of Cellular
• It cannot guarantee service during emergencies and disasters
• It cannot provide call set-up even with POC (PTT Over Cellular)
• It cannot provide powerful dispatch functionality
• It cannot provide special terminal functionality • Even POC systems need too many
channels for big talkgroups
Urgency & Importance of Info
‘Lifeor
Death’
High(non-
routine)
Low-to-Medium
(routine)
Immediate<1 sec
Urgent <10 sec
Non-urgent<1 min
Time-criticality of call set-up
Info
rmati
on
Im
port
an
ce
CellularCordless
PMR
If PMR why TETRA ?
… or what makes TETRA Special
TETRA - Three Key Markets
Private OperatorPMR
Self-providedSelf-providedPMRPMR
Public OperatorPublic OperatorPAMRPAMR
Self-providedSelf-providedPMRPMR
Private OperatorPrivate OperatorPMRPMR
TETRA Versatility
MobileData
MobileMobileRadioRadio
MobileMobileTelephonyTelephony
MobileMobileRadioRadio
MobileMobileDataData
Traditional PMR Positioning
IncreasingIncreasingUser BaseUser Base
IncreasingIncreasingInformationInformationImportanceImportance
Non-Tactical Military
Police and SecurityCustoms and Excise
Fire and AmbulanceMineral ExtractionTransport and Utilities
Business and General Commerce
ConsumerFixed Telephony
Cellular
PMR
Specialist
New Market Positioning by TETRA
IncreasingIncreasingUser BaseUser Base
IncreasingIncreasingInformationInformationImportanceImportance
Non-tactical Military (COTS)
Police and SecurityCustoms and Excise
Fire and AmbulanceMineral ExtractionTransport and Utilities
Business and General Commerce
ConsumerFixed Telephony
Cellular - GSM
PMRTETRA
TETRA Spectrum Efficiency200kHz bandwidth
GSM
Half-rate GSM
PMR 25 kHzPMR 25 kHz
PMR 12.5 kHzPMR 12.5 kHzAPCO25 (US)APCO25 (US)TetrapolTetrapol
TETRA
200 kHz carrier8 channels
200 kHz carrier16 channels
25 kHz channel8 channels / 200 kHz
12.5 kHz channels16 channels / 200 kHz
25 kHz carrier4 channels / carrier32 channels / 200 kHz
TETRA-GSM Codec Comparison
0
1
2
3
4
TETRA GSM
Qu
ali
ty (
MO
S)
MOS 4 Excellent quality : Imperceptible impairment
MOS 3 Good quality : Just perceptible impairment, but not
annoying
MOS=Mean Opinion Score
TETRA – Analogue FM Comparison
ETSI demo 2 phrases Analogue2 phrases TETRA
1 Male Moderate C/N
2 Female Moderate C/N
3 Male Poor C/N
4 Female Poor C/N
TETRA
FM
Range
Quality
1 & 2 3 & 4
Comparison TETRA & analogue FM
TETRA and Other Standards
Features
Traffic Channel (kHz)
Wide Area Coverage (WAC)
Inherent Ease of Duplex
Telephony Services
PMR Services
Priority & Pre-emption
Call set-up Time < 0.5 sec
Group & Broadcast Call
Queued Call
Comprehensive Security
Terminal Autonomy (DMO)
Robust Low-rate Codec
Concurrent Voice & Data
TETRA
6.25
GSM
25
DECT
166.6
APCO25
12.5
TETRA / APCO 25 Comparison
TETRA – defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Project 25 – defined as joint project of U.S. user (APCO, NASTD), government
and industry (TIA) organisations
Standardisation / Market Approach
Project 25• Strict Public Safety
focus• Focus on economic
rural coverage and working in limited spectrum
• Voice centric services, data often in separate network
• U.S. centric standard• Spectrum split and
fragmented: VHF, UHF, 800 …
TETRA• Designed to meet the needs of
various user groups – Shared multi-agency PSS– Smaller private networks
• Designed to support higher capacities
• Combining voice + data in same network from the beginning
• International standard from the beginning
• Harmonised radio spectrum for European emergency services
Market Differences
Project 25• Single supplier
dominance• Interoperability still under
planning• Leader in U.S. PSS market• Individual contracts in
Asia-pacific & Latin America
• Handset prices even at 4000 – 5000 USD level !
TETRA• Strong multi-vendor focus• Working interoperability
certification• True multi-vendor experience• Leading technology in
Europe and Asia• Latin American contracts• Much lower equipment prices
due to genuine competition
Maturity of Standards
Project 25
Many different paths tried, i.e.• Conventional 12.5 kHz FDMA• Trunked 12.5 kHz FDMA –
trunking protocol came later than products
• 6.25 kHz FDMA – never implemented in products
• TETRA-like 25 kHz TDMA -failed
• Now trying 12.5 kHz TDMA – very slowly
TETRA
Trunked 4-slot TDMA from the beginning
In TETRA standards many things were completed years ahead of Project 25:
• Intersystem Interface, roaming support
• Authentication, air interface encryption
• full duplex, handovers• supplementary services to
one-to-one calls
Technical Comparison (1)
Project 25 - FDMA• Traditionally assumptions,
are large cells and lower capacity
• Benefits from high power mobile radios ( 10 to 30 W)
• Expensive when number of channels becomes high
• Growing requirement for higher user densities poses real technological challenge
TETRA - TDMA• Traditional assumption are
small cells and higher capacity
• Can handle high capacity at lower cost
• Spectrum efficient• Easy full duplex,
simultaneous voice + data• Improvements in TDMA BS
receiver technology and multi-receiver diversity promise equal cell range
Technical Comparison 2: Functionality
Project 25
• Still only half duplex• No handover signalling• Supplementary services now
under debate• DTMF now debated• Still very little of IP data seen
in operational networks today• Text messaging still being
debated• The new, still debated,
features may finally appear in the yet non-existent TDMA standard, if at all ...
TETRA
• Full duplex from the beginning
• Handovers during call
• Supplementary services related to one-to-one calls
• IP packet data in use for a while
• Text messaging from the beginning
• Much faster feature roll-out (due to competition?)
Technical Comparison - Networks
Project 25
• Idea of international co-operation not visible in standards
• Inter-Subsystem Interface still ongoing
• Strong pressure from users asking for “interoperability” – in long term this may improve the standard
TETRA
• Designed for cross-border operation, ISI standard
• Designed for international traffic, numbering, country codes
• Implemented efficient VPN support for multi-agency sharing
• TETRA standard can offer nationwide homogenous seamless network - today
Radio Terminals Comparison
Project 25• High output powers
available, tens of watts
• Several manufacturers showing handsets - in exhibitions
• The U.S. price of encrypting handset is 4000 to 5000 USD
TETRA• Tens of terminals
available from several manufacturers
• Smaller size & weight • Handsets are preferred
to mobiles• Selling prices 500 to
1000 USD• Competition is driving
innovation and cost efficiency
Radio Terminals - Speed of innovation
No other PMR technology can deliver TODAY:• Handsets with full duplex?• Handsets with integral GPS receiver ?• Handsets with 65 000 colour display ?• Handsets with web & WAP browsers ?
Quick survey at TETRA seminar in Oslo in March 2005 revealed close to 30 new TETRA terminal models being launched during the last 3 years
Only open competition can boost this amount of handset innovations and R&D investment
TETRA and Tetrapol
• Tetrapol based on Matracom - 1986 technolgy developed for French MoI
• Proprietary technology developed by Matra whilst developing ETSI Standard with others
• Named Tetrapol after ETSI named TETRA• Attempt to have it adopted by ETSI as standard
in 1998 comprehensively rejected• Today still a single source proprietary technology
of EADS
TETRA and GSM-R
• In competition with GSM-R TETRA won the Contract
•Taiwan High Speed Rail –Top speed 300 KM/hr.
TETRA and GSM-R (2)
Cologne-Frankfurt• 177 km• 47 km tunnels• 56 base stations
• 3,2 Km coverage average per BS
Source: http://www.cellular-news.com/story/7331.shtml
Taiwan HSR• 347 km• 120 km tunnels• 26 base stations
• 13,3 Km coverage average per BS
From GSM-R
to TETRA
x 2
x 2.5
x 0.5
x 4
Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R
GSM-R TETRA
• Use of GSM network is an attractive alternative to rolling out a new nationwide network for Emergency Services
• So far it has been rejected in all countries that have considered it
• This has not prevented several others still going through the same process, e.g.– Norway (GSM-R; Telenor; Nexia)– Sweden (Rakel; Stelacon)– Germany (Vodafone)– Denmark (UMTS)
TETRA and GSM
Selected TETRA
Specified ETSI TETRA Standard
TETRA and GSM-BOS
DMO*
Connectivity Server
ASCI features (incl. GSM-R and GSM 2+) and ADCI features #
Public GSM NetworkASCI = Advanced Speech Call Items; #ADCI = Advanced Data Call Items; *DMO = TETRA
•GSM-BOS is a proposal by Vodafone Germany to upgrade their GSM network to meet the needs of Emergency Services similar to
the ill-fated GSM-Pro promoted by Ericsson for several years
TETRA and POC (PTT Over Cellular)
• Proposal for adding Push-to-Talk (PTT) facility to GPRS and 3G, aimed mainly at the recreational / family use, e.g.– Family holidays, camping, shopping, mother-to-child safety
• Low Qality of Service – Expected call setup around few sec. & message delay 1-3 sec. – Limited group size– No Supplementary Services like Late Entry, DGNA, Ambience
Listening, discreet Listening, – Standard GSM security
• Threat? – Delays by the non-informed decision makers– Extra opportunities for Consultants!
TETRA and CDMA
• CDMA is a broadand technology designed for hi-volume consumer cellular market
• Minimum roll-out requires 2 x 1.25MHz for initial CDMA carrier (same frequency used in every cell) - provides 25-30 voice channels
• Additional 2 x 1.25MHz per additional CDMA carrier• 2 CDMA carriers plus guard bands will require around 2 x 3 MHz• Strategy to enter European cellular market by the back-door?
1.25 MHz
CDMA Carrier #1Narrowband
Channels
Guard Band
200 kHz
Guard Band
Narrowband Channels
1.25 MHz
CDMA Carrier #2
Approx 3 MHz
Is TETRA for me?
…. the users of TETRA and their applications
TETRA for Emergency Services
• Disasters – both natural and man-made
• Major Incidents/ fires • Incidents• RTA (Road Traffic Accidents)• Routine policing
TETRA for Transportation
• Efficient Fleet Management of Mass Transport, I.e. buses, trams, underground
• Timely response to timetable changes caused by scheduled or unscheduled events, e.g. RTA, roadwork, public demonstration, security alerts, etc.
• Passenger Information• On-board security• Address queries (taxis)• Track-to-train (railways)
TETRA for Utilities
• Used during storms, floods,
earthquakes, disasters
• Initially to make areas safe,
• Subsequently for reinstating the
supplies.
• Routine maintenance of power-
lines and gas and water pipes
The Future
How futureproof is TETRA?
TREND Analysis – Technology (1)
• The explosion of wireless communication services has been caused by market segmentation, e.g. – Range / Area– Services– Power consumption– Mobility
• These new services are complimenting rather than competing with TETRA
TREND Analysis – Technology (2)
• Emergence of services optimised for specific application, e.g.– Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11X) for fixed wireless broadband access to
Internet– WiMAX – wireless broadband backhaul (IEEE 802.16)– Bluetooth & IEEE 802.15 for WPANs (Wireless Personal
Area Networks)– NFC (Near Field Comms) for e-money, authentication cards, etc.– ZigBee - wireless low-power network for control and monitor
applications, e.g. home automation – RFID Radio Frequency Identification – one-way communication
from tags for tracking goods and assets
TREND Analysis - Political
• Integration – Markets Globalisation– Sectors Interoperability– Agencies VPN– Expertise Standardisation– Functionality Multi-mode
operation
• Accountability– Efficiency (value-for-money)– Replacing custom-design with
cost-efficient COTS
• TETRA, as a recognised ETSI standard,
is rapidly becoming the first choice for
PMR users worldwide due to its true
multi-vendor choice of cost-effective
high-functionality equipments &
systems, including multi-mode & VPN
capability, guaranteed interoperability
via IOP process of the MoU – a natural
candidate for COTS
Amongst the major forces affecting political aspects of mobile communication are those of
Integration and Accountability
TETRA Release 2
• Series of enhancements aimed to expand TETRA functionality in the specific areas, e.g. Codec, Ground-to-air communication
• Addition of different modulations which, when combined with concatenations of 25 kHz channels, would allow for 10x higher speed data rates
TETRA - in a nutshell
TETRA is cellular+ because, in addition to mobile telephony (voice and data):
• TETRA enables time-critical non-routine, communication to the professionals operating in closed-user-groups,
• TETRA offers a wide range of PMR services and higher levels of security / encryption
• TETRA is designed to operate in the critical & disaster situations that require highly dependable, secure, robust and resilient equipments and systems.
TETRA is ……
- 4WD / SUV of Mobile Comms
.. the toolbox for the professionals
Conclusions
• TETRA is following GSM experience that has shown that standardisation & globalisationstandardisation & globalisation are the key ingredients for success of any technology
• Growing threat to safety and security of public is increasingly demanding the use of professional, professional, robust & resilient robust & resilient communication equipments and systems, like TETRA that were designed for the task
• TETRA standard has propelled the PMR onto the centre stage of the Global Mobile Communications
• With addition of Release 2 TETRA will, for the foreseeable future, continue to compliment Cellular.
Thank you!
Thank You
For more information on TETRA please visit
www.tetramou.comwww.etsi.org