Testing M

Testing MethodsBlack Box Testing

White Box TestingBlack Box TestingIt is the process of giving input to the system and checking the output of the system without bothering about the system that how the system generates the output. It is also called behaviour testing.Test Case Design MethodsEquivalence class PartitioningBoundary value AnalysisError GuessingState transition TestingUse case based testing

Equivalence class partitioningIt is the process of dividing the input domain into the different class ( valid and invalid) and for a valid input class,make the equal partition so it will reduce the test cases.

Boundary Value AnalysisIt is the process of checking the input on boundaries ,one less than boundary and one greater than boundary.EXAMPLE:Test cases with test data exactly as the input boundaries of input domain i.e. values 1 and 1000 Test data with values just below the extreme edges of input domains i.e. values 0 and 999. Test data with values just above the extreme edges of input domain i.e. values 2 and 1001.

Error GuessingError guessing is an ad hoc approach based on intution and experience,to identify the tests that are likely to expose errors. EXAMPLE:The statement might be made "the user must input a valid zip code". What if the user enters no zip code? What if the zip doesn't match the state? What if the zip code doesn't exist? State Transition TestingState transition testing is an analytical method . It uses finite state machines ,to design tests for programs that have many similar ,but slightly different control functions. Use Case based TestingUse Case testing is a specialized form of Verification and Validation testing, where the use cases become the test cases. The purpose of this kind of testing is to see if the software does what it is supposed to do; ie. meets its functional specifications. Types of users for online shoppingNo. of item in the cartItem deleted from catalog should be removed from cart automaticallyAfter login status of a reg.user is logged in.Visitor becomes reg.user, login,add to cart,check out,billng,view status of transaction,get the notification as the status.AdvantagesTester needs no knowledge of implementation,including specific programming languagesTester and programmer are independent of each otherTests are done from a user point of viewTest cases can be desgined as soon as the specifications are complete.

DisadvantagesTest cases are challenging to design without having clear functional specifications. It is difficult to identify tricky inputs if the test cases are not developed based on specifications. It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. As a result, writing test cases may be slow and difficult. There are chances of having unidentified paths during the testing process. There is a high probability of repeating tests already performed by the programmer.

White Box TestingWhite box testing deals with internal structure and flow of a system or componentTesting is based on code structure and algorithmWhite box testing assumes that the procedural desgin and code is known to the tester . You can derive test cases that:Exercise all independent execution pathsExercise all logical decisions on both true and false sides.Execute all loops at their boundaries and within operational bounds.Test case design MethodsStatement CoverageDecision CoverageCondition CoverageMultiple Condition CoveragePath CoverageStatement Coverage : Executing each statement at least onceDecision Coverage: Executing each decision by making it true and false at least once will give decision coverage.Condition Coverage: Executing each and every condition by making it true and false by each of the ways at least once will gve condition coverage.

Path Coverage: Executing each and every possible path within yhe code at least once will give path coverageAdvantagesAs the knowledge of internal coding structure is prerequisite, it becomes very easy to find out which type of input/data can help in testing the application effectively.ii) The other advantage of white box testing is that it helps in optimizing the codeiii) It helps in removing the extra lines of code, which can bring in hidden defects.DisadvantagesAs knowledge of code and internal structure is a prerequisite, a skilled tester is needed to carry out this type of testing, which increases the cost.ii) And it is nearly impossible to look into every bit of code to find out hidden errors, which may create problems, resulting in failure of the application.QMSQuality management system is dedicated for quality improvement process means how to improve the quality.In QMS there are two attributes QA and QC.QA: Implementation of standards and policy on the procedure of your organisation is checked to ensure that whatever process followed in our organisation follows certain standards

Example:ISO certified organisationQuality control: Testing comes under quality control to check that what products are developed by the organisation are quality products.

PDCACycle is invented by EDWARD DEMING also known as DEMiNG WHEELS.Indicates that :Plan the activityPrepare the activityCheck the activity done by you.If the activity done by you is correct then act accordingly otherwise again plan the activity and cycle continues.

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