testing and evaluation of energy storage devices 2006 peer review...1 testing and evaluation of...
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Testing and Evaluation of Energy Storage Devices
DOE Energy Storage Systems Research Program Annual Peer Review
This work was funded by the DOE Energy Storage Program
November 2-3, 2006Washington, DC
Presented by:Tom Hund,
Nancy Clark, David Johnson, and Wes BacaSandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM(505) 844-8627
[email protected]*Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
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Introduction(Previous Work)
Sandia’s Power Sources Component Development Dept. provides unbiased energy storage testing support to the DOE Energy Storage Program.
Previous work has included supercap testing on ESMA, Maxwell, and Okamura Labs devices, and battery testing on EEI Bipolar NiMH, Cyclon VRLA, and C&D CPV vented deep-cycle lead-acid batteries.
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Introduction(FY-06 Work)
Develop test protocols for energy storage device development funded by the DOE Energy Storage Program
Test MeadWestvaco-NorthStar Battery carbon enhanced VRLA batteries
Test Electro Energy Bipolar NiMH Battery
Abuse test on symmetric carbon/carbon acetonitrile based electrolyte NessCap supercapacitors
Test SunGel VRLA battery used in the ILZRO Peru RAPS system
Supercap Abuse Testing
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Energy Storage Devices Under Test (FY-06)
•Electro Energy (Bipolar NiMH Battery)
•MeadWestvaco/NorthStar (Carbon Enhanced Negative Electrode
VRLA Battery)
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Energy Storage Devices Under Test (FY-06)
•Battery Energy (SunGel - VRLA Gel Battery
Used In The ILZRO Peru RAPS)
•NessCap(Symmetric Carbon/Carbon
Acetonitrile Based Electrolyte)
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Test Procedures
MeadWestvaco/NorthStar and Electro Energy NiMH Battery Ohmic Resistance Ragone Plot Utility Cycle Profile (ISOC)
NessCap Supercap Abuse Test (Over-voltage and Over-temperature) Analyze Vented Gases From Supercap
Battery Energy (SunGel/ILZRO Peru RAPS) Modified BCI Cycle-Life Test - Evaluate Intermediate State of
Charge (ISOC) Cycling
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MeadWestvaco/NorthStarOhmic Resistance
MeadWestvaco/NorthStar Carbon Enhanced VRLA BatteryOhmic Resistance
12.40
12.60
12.80
13.00
13.20
13.40
13.60
13.80
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0
Amps
Volts
NSB40 / 0.004 Ohms
MWV2 / 0.003 Ohms
MWV1 / 0.0029 OhmsMWV0 / 0.0032 Ohms
1.9 ms Discharge Time
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MeadWestvaco/NorthStarRagone Plot
Ragone Plot For MeadWestvaco/NorthStar Battery
1
10
100
1000
10000
1 10 100 1000
Energy Density (Wh/l)
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
/l)
NSB40 MWV-StdMWVo MWV1 MWV2 Prius NiMH
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MeadWestvaco/NorthStarRagone Plot
Ragone Plot For MeadWestvaco/NorthStar Battery
1
10
100
1000
10000
1 10 100 1000
Energy Density (Wh/Kg)
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
/Kg)
NSB40MWV-Std.MWVo MWV1MWV2 Prius NiMH
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MeadWestvaco/NorthStar Utility Cycling
NSB40 Utility Cycle 1C 6M8/9/06
-1.50
-1.25
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
0:00:00 120:00:00 240:00:00 360:00:00 480:00:00 600:00:00
Time (h)
Volts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
30.8 Ah 25.6 Ah
Ref Cell Pos (V)
Bat Temp (°C)
Ref Cell Neg (V)
Neg Electrode Spiking
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MeadWestvaco/NorthStar Utility Cycling
MWV1 Utility Cycle 1C 6M9/5/06
-1.50
-1.25
-1.00
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
0:00:00 120:00:00 240:00:00 360:00:00 480:00:00 600:00:00
Time (h)
Volts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Overcharge Limited to 108%
23.3 Ah28.6 AhOver Temp 45C
Ref Cell Pos (V)
Ref Cell Neg (V)
Bat Temp (°C)
Brief Neg Spiking
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Electro Energy Bipolar NiMH
Ragone Plot
1
10
100
1000
10000
1 10 100 1000
Energy Density (Wh/l)
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
/l)
EEI 42V NiMHPrius 14.4V NiMHCyclon 12V VRLA
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NessCap SupercapSymmetric Carbon/Carbon Acetonitrile Electrolyte
Over-temperature Test With Ignition Source
(Click on image to view video)
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SunGel ISOC Cycle TestSunGel ISOC Cycle-Life Test
50% DOD, 26A, 46C
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Time (Days)
Volts
-175
-150
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Ah
Final Cap 138
Initial Cap 137
89 Cycles
2.34 vpc
Amp-Hours
Cell Volts
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Summary
The DOE Energy Storage Program funded testing provides an unbiased resource for test information, which can be used at all levels in the decision making process.
Testing support provides MeadWestvaco/NorthStar and Electro Energy Bipolar NiMH Battery manufacturers with timely performance results for advanced carbon formulations and Bipolar NiMH design considerations.
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Summary
Supercap abuse testing has identified the effects of over-voltage and temperature and the hazardous gases vented from supercaps using acetonitrile. This work is critical for safe design of supercap systems used in utility applications.
Intermediate State of Charge (ISOC) cycling of the SunGel battery used in the ILZRO Peru RAPS system provides detailed charging requirements and performance measurements that can be transferred to the fielded system.
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Work to Do
Continue development of carbon enhanced negative electrode valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries
Publish supercap abuse test results at the 16th
International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Hybrid Energy Storage Devices
Continue testing Electro Energy bipolar NiMH batteries
Continue testing SunGel VRLA battery. Integrate test results with the ILZRO Peru RAPS system