Volume 1990 Article 13

1990

Test Excavations at the Jodie Bender Site, 41HS11 Harrison Test Excavations at the Jodie Bender Site, 41HS11 Harrison

County, Texas County, Texas

Alan J. Wormser

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Test Excavations at the Jodie Bender Site, 41HS11 Harrison County, Texas Test Excavations at the Jodie Bender Site, 41HS11 Harrison County, Texas

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TEST EXCAVATIONS AT THE JODIE BENDER SITE, 41HS11

HARRISON COLINTY, TEXAS

By A1 an J. Wormser

Texas Sta te Department o f Highways and Public Transportation

Highway Design Div is ion May 1990

ABSTRACT

The Jodie Bender Site, 41HS11, is a prehistoric Caddoan settlement on Little Cypress Bayou in Harrison County, Texas. Personnel from the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) tested the site in March and September 1989 as part of a bridge replace- ment project. The site is on a high terrace away from the bridge location, but the project includes cutting the terrace in order to meet current roadway specifications and will have a direct impact on site 41HS11.

Previous descriptions of the site indicate that there is an Early Caddo component as well as a Middle Caddo (Whelan Phase) component. A great quantity of prehistoric material was found at the site when it was first reported by E. O. Miller and Jack Hughes in 1951, but during the course of testing, very little cultural material was found within the right-of- way. Most of the material recovered during testing appears to date to the Whelan Phase.

Because of the small amount of cultural material recovered and overall lack of features, the project area is considered to probably be in an area of low prehistoric activity. Further excavation within the proposed highway right-of -way would probably not produce significantinformation about the site and it is recommended that the bridge project continue as planned.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................ ii

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i v

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

CULTURAL SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Previous Archaeological Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chronological Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

SITE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

TEST EXCAVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Field Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 S t ra t i g raphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 A r t i f a c t Descr ip t ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. Locat ion of 41HS11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

FIGURE 2: M a p o f t e s t excavations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

FIGURE 3. S t ra t ig raphy a t 41HS11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

FIGURE 4. A r t i f a c t s from t e s t excavations and surface. . . . . . . 13

FIGURE 5. R i m sherds from t e s t excavations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

iii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 . The chronological sequence i n northeast Texas . . . . . . . 5

TABLE 2 . L i t h i c deb i tage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

TABLE 3 . Ceramics, burned c l a y fragments, and h i s t o r i c d e b r i s . . . 14

TABLE 4 . Decorated body sherds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

INTRODUCTION

Site 41HS11 (the Jodie Bender Site) is on an upper terrace of Little Cypress Bayou near the western end of Caddo Lake. First reported in 1951 (Miller 1951), the site was relocated by the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) during a routine archaeo- logical survey for a bridge replacement on FM 134 at Little Cypress Bayou. Surface collections were made in the 1950s and Thurmond (1981) has described these collections briefly.

Testing was conducted in March and September 1989. As a result of these test excavations it was determined that the bridge replacement project will effect portions of the site where apparently little prehistoric activity took place. No features were found and artifact densities were very low within the portion of the site to be disturbed by the bridge project.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Har r ison and Marion Counties are w i t h i n the Aus t ro r i pa r ian b i o t i c prov ince ( B l a i r 1950), which extends throughout East Texas from H a r r i s County northward t o Red River County. Wi th in t h i s environmental zone pine-oak f o r e s t s predominate. B l a i r notes t h a t t he vegeta t ion i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t found eastward t o t h e A t l a n t i c coast. Gould i d e n t i f i e s rough ly the same p o r t i o n o f Texas as the Pineywoods area (Gould 1969) and notes t h a t t he pines are probably a subclimax o r f i r e d i sc l imax vegeta t ion f o r t h e region. S o i l s o f t he Pineywoods are genera l l y sandy and acid. Carr (1977) character izes most o f nor theast Texas, i n c l u d i n g t h e study area, as a s i n g l e c l i m a t i c area t y p i f i e d by summer droughts w i t h peaks i n r a i n f a l l dur ing A p r i l and May, and again dur ing November and December.

CULTURAL SETTING

Previous Archaeological Research

There i s a long h i s t o r y o f archaeological research i n t he nor theast Texas which has been summarized elsewhere (c.f., Northern and S k i l e s 1981). I n 1920, D r . J.E. Pearce, o f the U n i v e r s i t y o f Texas, i n v e s t i - gated mounds near Caddo Lake. By the 1930s there was enough i n t e r e s t i n Caddoan p r e h i s t o r y t h a t the Works Progress Admin is t ra t ion cont rac ted w i t h A.T. Jackson and W.R. Goldschmidt t o conduct surveys and excava- t i o n s i n nor theast Texas.

From t h e l a t e 1930s t o the e a r l y 1950s, l i t t l e new research was con- ducted. S t a r t i n g i n 1951, archaeological i nves t i ga t i ons were conducted i n t h e F e r r e l l ' s Bridge Reservoir, n o w c a l l e d Lake 0 ' t h e Pines ( M i l l e r , Moorman, and Je l ks 1951). During the i n i t i a l survey o f Lake 0 ' t he Pines, 34 archaeological s i t e s were repor ted and sur face c o l l e c t i o n s were made from 31 o f them. O f these, 14 were considered t o be " v i l - lages" and 20 were l a b e l l e d "camps", bu t these assesments were based o n l y on the r e l a t i v e s izes o f the s i t es . They noted s i t e s from a range o f t ime periods, and noted t h a t the p o t t e r y co l l ec ted tended t o be grog tempered, w i t h some bone and sand temper. She l l temper was no t found i n t h e i r sherd sample.

Excavations a t t h e Harroun s i t e were repor ted i n t he l a t e 1950s ( Je l ks and Tunnel1 1959). Davis described work a t the Whelan S i t e (Davis 1958). Jones (1957) repor ted 2 s i t e s i n Gregg County about 3 m i l e s south o f Longview, Texas, which he a t t r i b u t e d t o the A l t o Focus.

Gibson (1969) examined archaeological resources i n Caddo Lake along t h e Lousiana and Texas border. W e b b e t a l . (1969) repor ted on excavat ions conducted i n 1965 a t the Resch S i t e in Harrison County j u s t south o f Marshal l , Texas. There he found remains which he assigned t o the Middle Archaic, Late Archaic-La Harpe, Tchefuncte, Marksv i l l e- T royv i l l e , Coles Creek and Caddo Periods.

From 1971 through 1974, t he Texas Highway Department conducted excava- t i o n s a t t he Marshal l Powder M i l l , a C i v i l War era s i t e i n no r the rn Har r i son County (Weir 1973, Luke 1978). Throughout t he 1970s and 1980s many archeo log ica l surveys were conducted in connect ion w i t h t ransmis- s i o n l i n e cons t ruc t i on and mining a c t i v i t e s (c.f., D ibb le 1977, N icho ls e t a l . 1979, Kluge, Turp in and Thurmond 1979, Day and Laurens-Day 1982, Carlson 1985).

Two s tud ies o f note i n t he area are those by Thurmond (1981) and L i s k (1984). Thurmond summarized the archeology o f t he L i t t l e Cypress drainage and suggested r e l a t i o n s h i p s between the T i t u s and Whelan Foci and t h e i r d i s t r i b u t i o n i n nor theast Texas. L i sk analyzed p o t t e r y f rom the Whelan S i te .

This Page Redacted Per THC Policy

Chronological Sequence

Because o f an abundance o f d iagnost ic p o t t e r y s ty les, r a p i d e v o l u t i o n o f p o l i t i c a l and r e l i g o u s i n s t i t u t i o n s , and r e l a t i v e complexity o f p reh i s- t o r i c Caddo cu l tu res , archaeologis ts have been able t o examine chronolo- gy more e a s i l y than i n most o f Texas. As a result, East Texas chronolo- gy i s f a i r l y w e l l def ined f o r the Woodland and Late P r e h i s t o r i c Periods. The chronology presented below fo l lows t h a t presented by Nichols e t a l . (1979:2/6) and Thurmond (1981), and is sp e c i f i c t o Caddo Lake and L i t t l e Cypress Bayou drainage. Complicating mat ters i s t he f a c t t h a t t h e e a r l i e s t chronologies were based on the McKern system, whereas modern chronologies are l oose ly based on the concepts o f Wiley and P h i l l i p s . It should a l so be noted t h a t authors va r ious l y cont inue t o use the focus names as names f o r phases, and t h a t the term "per iod" i s used t o apply t o e i t h e r t he phase name o r the stage. Thus, reference i s f r e q u e n t l y m a d e t o t he Archaic "Period" o r Whelan ''Phasen. A more cons i s ten t use o f these terms i s needed, and a general ized chronology appears below.

Table 1. The chronological sequence i n nor theast Texas.

MODERN CHRONOLOGY: STAGE PHASE

HISTORIC Caddo V

FORMATIVE Caddo I V Caddo III Caddo I I Caddo I

ARCHAIC Coles Creek Troyvi l l e M a r k s v i l l e Tchefuncte

PALEOINDIAN ---

MCKERN SYSTEM: ASPECT FOCUS

Fu l t o n Kins loe

Fu l t o n T i t u s Ful t o n Whel an Gibson G i bson A l t o

SUGGESTED DATES:

AD 1600-1800 A l l e n (Hasi nai?)

4000 BC-AD 400

Before 4000 BC

SITE DESCRIPTION

The s i t e i s on an eastern te r race o f L i t t l e Cypress Bayou j u s t southeast o f Jef ferson, Texas and west o f Caddo Lake. Vegetat ion a t t he s i t e c o n s i s t s o f dense p ine fo res t on t h e nor theast s i de o f F M 134 and a pas tu re on t h e southwest side. In 1951, both sides o f t h e road were being c u l t i v a t e d ( M i l l e r 1951) The pasture has been a r t i f i c i a l l y t e r - raced f o r e ros ion c o n t r o l and t o r o u t e water t o a smal l pond j u s t nor thwest o f t he p r o j e c t r ight- of-way.

The s i t e was o r i g i n a l l y descr ibed b y E . O . M i l l e r ( M i l l e r 1951) w i t h Jack Hughes and f a m i l y i n 1951. Th is d e s c r i p t i o n i s recorded on a s i t e fo rm on f i l e a t t h e Texas Archeologica l Research Laboratory (TARL), t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Texas a t Aust in. M i l l e r and Hughes found 618 p r e h i s t o r i c sherds and 1 I n d i a n p ipe fragment on t h e surface. Ms. Hughes found a water b o t t l e , and l o c a l in formants repor ted t h a t b u r i a l s had a l s o been found a t t h e s i t e . Much l ess c u l t u r a l ma te r i a l was found du r i ng our 1989 t e s t excavat ions.

Dur ing t e s t i n g i n September 1989, a l o c a l ranch foreman v i s i t e d t h e p r o j e c t and i nd i ca ted t h a t c o l l e c t o r s have found most m a t e r i a l 200 t o 400 meters eas t o f t h e r ight- of-way along the L i t t l e Cypress Bayou. W i t h i n t h e r ight- of-way, sur face evidence o f t he s i t e was sparse due t o t h i c k grass cover on the southwest s ide o f t he road and a b lanke t o f p ine needles i n t he f o r e s t on the nor theas t s ide o f t h e road. However, po thunters l e f t t h e i r mark i n t he form o f a few smal l depressions on t h e nor theas t s i d e o f t h e road. The i r holes were apparent ly excavated f o l l o w i n g t h e March 1989 p re l im ina ry t e s t . According t o a foreman f rom a neighbor ing ranch, t he pothunters found very l i t t l e and gave up. The i d e n t i t y o f t h e pothunters i s unknown.

TEST EXCAVATIONS

F i e l d Methods

Test excavat ion was conducted on both sides o f F M 134, w i t h th ree t e s t u n i t s on the nor theast s ide o f t he road and f i v e t e s t u n i t s on the southwest s ide o f the road (F igure 2). A Gradal l excavated th ree trenches on the southwest s ide o f the road. Gradal l t renches were no t placed on the nor theast s ide o f the road because vegetat ion was t o o dense t o accommodate the Gradal l . Also, the detour w i l l be on the southwest s ide o f the roadway. During March 1989 the f i r s t t h ree t e s t u n i t s (TU-1, TU-2, and TU-3) were excavated and both sides o f t he road were shovel tested. I n September 1989, the remainder o f t he t e s t u n i t s and a l l o f t he trenches were excavated. I n the l a t t e r v i s i t t o t he s i t e , a g r i d was establ ished on the southwest s ide o f t he road and f o u r o f t h e t e s t u n i t s were excavated on t h i s g r i d and are named f o r the g r i d l o c a t i o n o f t h e i r southeast corner.

Another t e s t u n i t (TU-4) had t o be excavated o f f - g r i d because o f t h e dense f o r e s t growth which l i m i t e d the extension o f t he g r i d t o the nor theas t s ide o f t he road. However, a l l t he t e s t u n i t s on the no r th- east s ide o f the road were mapped w i t h a t r a n s i t so t h a t they cou ld be t i e d i n w i t h the g r i d . The g r i d , i n turn, was mapped r e l a t i v e t o a highway s t a t i o n on the c e n t e r l i n e o f t he e x i s t i n g road.

A l l o f t he t e s t u n i t s were 1X1 meter square and were dug i n 10 c m l e v e l s measured from the sur face around the edge o f each u n i t . A l l m a t r i x from t h e t e s t u n i t s was passed through screens cons i s t i ng o f 1/4 i n c h hard- ware c l o t h mesh. The s o i l was sandy and moist, so t h a t v e r t i c a l c o n t r o l o f t he u n i t s and screening were r e l a t i v e l y easy. Large t r e e r o o t s were n o t c o m m o n below l e v e l 2, even i n u n i t s on the fo res ted s ide o f t h e road. A n a r b i t r a r y datum p o i n t (Datum A) was es tab l ished and assigned an e l e v a t i o n o f 100 meters. A r t i f a c t s found i n s i t u were p l o t t e d on a l e v e l form and t h e i r e leva t ions were measured us ing a t r a n s i t and m e t r i c s t a d i a rod r e l a t i v e t o Datum A. A l l t he t e s t u n i t s were excavated u n t i l t he a r t i f a c t counts were zero, o r had dropped s u b s t a n t i a l l y from p r e v i - ous l eve l s . I n a l l cases, t he t e s t u n i t s were excavated i n t o t h e lower s o i l zone, which consis ted of a reddish, s i l t y sand.

The trenches a l so extended i n t o the reddish, s i l t y sand. The Grada l l operator dug the trenches by scraping about 5 t o 10 c m a t a t ime under t h e superv is ion o f t he s t a f f archaeologist . A smooth-edged bucket, 5 f e e t wide, was used. The s t a f f archaeologis t and o ther SDHPT person- ne l examined t h e f l o o r o f each scrape f o r features and each b a c k d i r t p i l e f o r a r t i f a c t s . No features were observed and on l y a few a r t i f a c t s were c o l l e c t e d from Trenches 2 and 3.

S t ra t ig raphy

Typ ica l s t r a t i g r a p h i c p r o f i l e s are shown i n F igure 3. Three s o i l zones were i d e n t i f i e d , represent ing a l i g h t brown, sandy A-horizon over a

reddish, s i l t y , a l l u v i a l C-horizon. The top two zones are w i t h i n t h e A- ho r i zon and cons i s t o f l i g h t brown sand separated by a gradual t r a n s i - t i o n . The upper zone i s s l i g h t l y darker than t h e lower zone, because o f g rea te r amounts o f humus.

The C-horizon cons is ts o f redd ish s i l t y sand and occurs as an abrupt t r a n s i t i o n from the lower p a r t o f the A-horizon. I n general, a r t i f a c t s were no t found w i t h i n the C-horizon except immediately a t i t s boundary w i t h t h e A-horizon.

A r t i f a c t Descr ipt ions

H i s t o r i c Debr is

A smal l amount o f h i s t o r i c debr is was recovered on the sur face (exact provenience unknown). Th is ma te r i a l cons is ts o f 1 fragment o f p o r c e l a i n and 1 fragment o f stoneware. No h i s t o r i c debr is was found i n any of t h e t e s t u n i t s , shovel tes ts , o r Gradal l trenches.

Debi tage

Flakes were r e l a t i v e l y in f requent , as can be seen in Table 2. The sample o f f l a k e s i s too small t o draw many conclusions about t h e f l a k i n g a c t i v i t i e s dominant on t h i s p o r t i o n o f t he s i t e . Although t h e sample i s t o o smal l f o r most forms o f s t a t i s t i c a l analysis, most o f t h e f l a k e s are smal l non- decor t i ca t ion f l akes t y p i c a l o f t o o l resharpening a c t i v i t i e s r a t h e r than o f i n i t i a l l i t h i c reduc t ion o r tool-making a c t i v i t i e s .

P r o j e c t i l e Po in t

One P e r d i z - l i k e arrow p o i n t was found (Figure 4) i n Test U n i t 7 (N473/E500), Level 4. This was the on ly chipped stone implement found w h i l e t e s t i n g t h e s i t e and i nd i ca tes a poss ib le Late P r e h i s t o r i c compo- nent, perhaps i n t h e Late Caddo period.

Mano Fragment

One mano fragment was found i n the backd i r t o f Gradal l Trench 3 and i t s exact v e r t i c a l provenience i s no t known . The fragment i s made o f coarse sandstone.

Anvi l ( " Nu t t i ng" ) Stone

One a n v i l stone was found i n Test U n i t 3, Leve l 1, and i s made o f so f t , b u f f co lo red sandstone. One face o f t h e stone has a c e n t r a l depression which has been ground. The opposite face i s convex and may have a l s o been ground, but i t i s no t completely smooth. I t i s poss ib le t h a t t h e a n v i l stone a l s o served as a small mano, a t l e a s t on t h e second face.

I I b

0

GRADALL TRENCH I N493E501 NORTH WALL EAST WALL

.

I A

I B

II

I A

I B

II

N 4 7 3 E 5 0 0 N 4 2 2 E 5 0 0 EAST WALL EAST WALL

I A

-- -

IB

I A

- IB

II II

I A L i g h t Sand - l i g h t g r a y b rown, a f e w g r a s s roots

I B L i g h t Sand -- l i g h t g r a y ( s l i g h t l y l i g h t e r t h a n I A )

I I R e d d i s h S i l t y Sand -- s l i g h t l y more c l a y e y a n d s i l t y t h a n IA, IB

-------- G r a d u a l T r a n s i t i o n 0 cm 30

A b r u p t T r a n s i t i o n

Figure 3. Stratigraphy at 41HS11.

10

Burned Clay Fragments

Small pieces of burned clay were occasionally found and are summarized i n Table 3. Many of these are probably eroded sherds, but a re too small and disfigured t o identify them as such. Other fragments may represent pieces of daub from s t ructures , b u t there are no grass impressions v i s i b l e on any of the fragments, and they are generally too small t o make a posi t ive ident i f ica t ion.

Prehis tor ic Pottery: Body Sherds

All the body sherds are summarized in Table 3. Even though they were the most c o m m o n a r t i f a c t type, the number of sherds recovered from t e s t excavations was substant ia l ly lower than expected based on the high sherd counts recorded by previous investigations a t the s i t e . Most of the sherds were tempered w i t h grog and/or bone. None of the sherds are sl ipped, b u t a small number of them are decorated.

Decorated body sherds are summarized i n Table 4. All the sherds are tempered with grog or a combination of grog and f ine ly crushed bone, and the majority (12) are brushed. Three of the decorated sherds have incised paral le l l ines . Two sherds are engraved, and one has applique ridges s imilar t o Cass Applique.

Prehis tor ic Pottery: Rim Sherds

There were a lso f i ve rim sherds, these are i l l u s t r a t ed i n Figures 4 and 5. All have been decorated, b u t the decorations are highly varied among the f i v e sherds. One of these (Figure 5, A) has l i g h t punctates with incised horizontal t o s l igh t ly diagonal l ines . The rim i s s t r a i g h t w i t h no lipping. I t s ex te r io r and core are very dark gray (10YR3/1) and i t has a brown t o dark brown (10YR4/3) in te r io r . A small amount of crushed bone is v i s ib le in the paste.

Another specimen (Figure 5, B) has a l igh t yellowish brown (10YR6/4) paste throughout. Small amounts of bone temper are v i s ib le . The sherd has three evenly space horizontal ridges below the rim. The rim has a s l i g h t l i p and i s a lso s l i gh t l y f lared outward.

The th i rd specimen (Figure 5, C) has a yellowish brown (10YR5/4) i n t e r i - or and ex te r io r with a very dark gray (10YR3/1) core. Crushed bone i s v i s i b l e in the paste. The rim has a th in , b u t pronounced, l i p and f l a r e s s l i gh t l y outward. A s ingle row of horizontal punctates just below the l i p of the rim. Extending downward from t h i s row and t o the r i gh t ( i .e., counterclockwise), there are two para1 l e l l ines of punc- t a t e s arranged in a semicircular curve.

LOT #

0 GT-2 GT-3 ST-3 ST-4

Provenience

Sur face Trench 2 Trench 3

Test U n i t 1

Level Primary

-

-

- -

1

-

2-A Test U n i t 2 1 2 2-B 2 1 2-C 3 - 2-0 4 - 2-E 5 -

6-A 6-B 6-C 6-D 6-E 6-F

7-A 7-B 7-C 7-0 7-E 7-F 7 -G

, 8-A/B 8-C 8-0 8-E

Test U n i t 6 (N453/E500)

Test U n i t 7 (N473/E500)

Test Unit 8 (N493/E501)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 & 2 3 4 5

- - - - - -

- - - - - - -

- - - -

- - - - - -

1 - - - - - -

- - - -

- - 1 - - -

-

-

- 1 - -

- - - - - -

- - - -

- 1

1 - -

Table 2. L i t h i c debitage.

Figure 4. A r t i f a c t s from t e s t excavations and surface.

LOT #

0 GT-2 GT-3 ST-3 ST-4

1-A 1-B 1-C

2-A 2-B 2-C 2-D 2-E

3-A 3-B 3-C

4 -A 4-B 4-C 4-0 4-E

5-A 5-B 5-C 5-0 5-E 5-F

6-A 6-B 6-C 6-0 6-E 6-F

7 -A 7-B 7-C 7-0 7-E 7-F 7-G

8-A/B 8-C 8-D 8-E

Provenience

Sur f ace Trench 2 Trench 3 Shovel Tes t 3 Shovel Test 4

Test U n i t 1

Test U n i t 2

Test U n i t 3

Test U n i t 4

Test U n i t 5 (N422/E500)

Test U n i t 6 (N453/E500)

Test U n i t 7 (N473/E500)

Tes t U n i t 8 (N493/E501)

Level

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 5

1 2

3-6 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 & 2 3 4 5

Sherd

1 7 1 2 -

12 7 -

18 9

12 - 6

8 7 3

1 2 - - -

- 1 - - - -

1 1 6

10 3 1

7 2 2

15 14 8 -

18 - 4 -

Burned Clay

2 2 - - -

- 1 -

6 4 5 - 2

- 1 7

- - - - -

- - - - - - 2 2

18 13 8 1 - - -

11 9 2 5

- 1 - -

H i s t o r i c

2 - - - -

- - -

- - - - -

- - -

- - - - -

- - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

-

Table 3. Ceramics, burned clay fragments, and his tor ic debris.

F i g u r e 5. R i m sherds f rom t e s t excavat ions.

The f o u r t h specimen (F igure 5, D) has a y e ll ow ish brown (10YR5/4) e x t e r i o r w i t h a very dark gray (10YR3/1) core and i n t e r i o r . Tempering m a t e r i a l appears t o be sand and f i n e l y crushed grog. There i s a very s l i g h t l i p and engraved cross-hatching occurs below t h e r i m .

The f i f t h specimen (F igure 5, E) has a ye l lowish brown (10YR5/4) ex- t e r i o r , dark g ray i sh brown (10YR4/2) core, and a very dark g r a y i s h brown i n t e r i o r (10YR3/2). There i s no apparent temper v i s i b l e . The r i m has a s l i g h t l i p . A s i n g l e row of small punctates occur j u s t below t h e bottom edge of t h e l i p .

Table 4. Decorated body sherds.

LOT #

GT-2 ST-3

2-C 2-E

6-D

7-C 7-D 7-E

8-A/B

Provenience

Trench 2 Shovel Test 3

Test U n i t 2

Test U n i t 6

Test U n i t 7

Test U n i t 8

Level

3 5

4

3 4 5

1 & 2

Brushed

1 2

2 -

2

1 1 3

2

I nc i sed

- -

1 -

- - 1 -

-

Engraved

- - - -

1

- - -

1

Appl ique

- -

- 1

-

- - -

-

CONCLUSIONS

Small amounts of cul tura l material were found during tes t ing . When compared t o the re la t ive ly high a r t i f a c t counts described by Miller and Hughes i n the 1950s, i t appears t ha t the proposed right-of-way wil l a f f ec t a portion of the s i t e where very l i t t l e prehis tor ic a c t i v i t y took place. T h e s i t e as recorded i n 1951 covers a broad area on both s ides of FM 134. Based on discussions w i t h a ranch foreman, the main par t of the s i t e is probably c loser t o the creek and as f a r as 200 t o 400 meters eas t of the project area.

Test excavations and trenching were concentrated on the southwest s ide of the road, where there will be a temporary detour easment. No fea- tures were found and the only too l s found include one arrow point, one mano fragment, and one anvi l stone.

The s i t e appears t o be a Caddoan campsite w i t h components dating t o the Early and Middle (Whelan Phase) Caddoan periods. The presence of the arrow point may a l so indicate a Late Caddo period as well. Some of the pottery observed a t the s i t e may indicate an eastward influence toward present-day Louisiana.

Based on the evidence from this t e s t , those portions of the s i t e w i t h i n the right-of-way a re not considered e l i g ib l e fo r inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. No fur ther investigations appear t o be warrented.

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