ID: B

Test-bank-10

Multiple Choice Jdentifj: the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1 . Data from a Doppler analysis of the sun show a red shift on the west side of the sun and a blue shift on the east side. What does that data suggest about the sun? a. The sun is the center of the solar system. c. The sun is a smaller, less massive star. b. The sun is spinning on its axis. d. The sun is near the end of its life cycle.

2. Measurements of light from 7 nearby stars were made. Doppler analysis was performed and red shift was observed in all the measurements. What does this evidence suggest about the stars? a. All the stars measured are moving toward c. All of the stars are not moving relative to

the Earth. the Earth b. Four ofthe stars measured are moving

away from the Earth. d. All the stars measured are moving away

from the Earth.

3. Scientists examine the light spectra from distant stars to determine if the size of the universe is changing. Why do astronomers believe the size of the universe is changing? a. The blue shift indicates that distant c. The blue shift indicates that distant

galaxies are moving away from each other.

b. The red shift indicates that distant galaxies are moving towards each other.

galaxies are moving towards each other.

d. The red shift indicates. that distant galaxies are moving away from each other.

4. Vv'hich of the following statements is the best reason the big bang is an accepted scientific theory? a. Distant galaxies were observed to be c. A group of people met together and

moving away from Earth. decided to make it a theory. b. There is no other way to explain the d. Edwin Hubble was an honest man.

formation of the universe.

5. Why was the discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter a significant event? a. it proved that astronomy was a useful d. we discovered geological activity on

science another world b. it made Galileo a very rich person e. it proved that not everything revolved

around the earth c. we discovered life on another world

6. In the 1600's Copernicus and Galileo believed that the earth and other planets orbited the sun. Why were their ideas not accepted at first? a. They had no good research to support d. People did not study the night sky in the

b. their claims. 1600's. Their claims contradicted those of the prevailing churches.

e. Their books were not published until after their deaths.

c. Their claims could not be verified by the instruments of the time.

7. Why is the Big Bang Theory the most accepted theory of how the universe was formed? a. It is based on a combination of scientific c. It has been proven correct by using

and religious facts. mathematical models. b. It has not been revised or changed by d. It is the simplest explanation of the

scientists for many years. current scienti:fic data.

m: B

8. Why has NASA, in the last 20 years, sent probes, instead of manned missions, to places like the moon and Mars? a. People could not survive the long trip to d. They have not fcmnd people vvilling to

risk their 1 ives to go to the moon or Mars. People arc too unreliable for space travel.

Mars. b. The public doesn't want to spend money e.

for more expensive manned missions. c. Probes can more easily handle the

unexpected situations that may arise during such missions.

9. \\lhat produces energy in a nuclear reaction?

a. Electricity running through the d. Burning of uranium or other radioactive substances. radioactive atoms.

b. Radioactive atoms move more rapidly e. than others.

Light from atoms as they change.

c. The splitting or fusing of atomic nuclei.

10. \Vhat is the relationship between the mass of a star and the relative mass of elements produced?

a. As more massive stars arc examined, temperature and pressure are seen to he less, and lighter elements are produced.

b. As more massive stars are examined, temperature and pressure are seen to be greater, and heavier elements are produced.

c. As less massive stars are examined, temperature and pressure are seen to be less, and heavier elements are produced.

d. As less massive stars are examined, temperature and pressure are seen to be greater, and lighter elements are produced.

11. Why would a red giant star be brighter than a white dwarf?

a. the dwarf is cooler d. the giant is hotter b. the dwarf is surrounded by gas e. the giant is closer to the earth c. the giant has more surface area

12. Why does the Moon only have 116 of the earth's gravity?

a. it is not as massive as Earth b. it has cooled over time to be

completely sotid c. it is made of basalt

d. it has no atmosphere e. it is so far away from the earth

13. \Vhy does the earth experience day and night'l

a. the earth rotates on its axis b. the earth is tilted on its axis c. the earth revolves around the sun

d. the moon revolves around the earth c. the earth is an inner planet

2

14. \Vhat causes the earth's seasons?

a. the distance to the sun d. the closeness of the moon to the earth b. the tilt of the earth's axis e. the elliptical orbit of the earth c. the sun is brighter in the summer

15. Which of the following most accurately explains the origin of heavy elements on Earth?

a. Formed by black holes scattered c. Formed by nuclear reactions in throughout the galaxy. massive, ancient stars.

b. Formed by comets and asteroids d. Farmed by radioactive decay deep falling to the Earth within Earth's core.

16. Which of the following events that can occur in a star will also happen to our sun?

a. It will go supernova. c. It will become a red giant. b. lt will become a neutron star. d. It will become a black hole.

17. Why does a comet's ion tail always point away from the sun?

a. galactic gravity pulls it out toward d. solar wind pushes it outward space

b. comets move slowly when they are close to the sun

c. it is still in the Oort Cloud

e. the comet moves faster than the tail

18. Why is the back side of the Moon more heavily cratered than the front?

a. craters on the front side have been obliterated by lava flows

b. the back side has a thicker atmosphere

c. erosion has covered up ore of the front side's craters

d. the front side has less gravity

e. the back side is closer to the sun

ID:B

19. Which of the following planets has a very hot atmosphere and is about the same size as our earth?

a. Venus c. Mars b. Jupiter d. Pluto

20. Why is it theoretically possible to fly through the upper layers of Jupiter and Saturn? a. they receive a lot of solar energy d. internal pressures are very low b. they have no gravity e. they are fusing inside c. they aren't solid

2 J. The Earth, the moon, Venus and Mars are all made of similar elements. What factors contribute to the existence of life on Earth while the other neighbor planets and moons are lifeless? a. Earth has active tectonic plates that c. The tilt of the axis is different from that

continue to create and destroy mountains of the Earth on other planets and moons. and basins.

b. The Jaws governing the behavior of d. Liquid water and a protective atmosphere atoms and molecules is different here are found on Earth and not on the others. than elsewhere.

3

m: B

22. Mars, Earth and Venus all receive about the same amount of solar radiation. Why does only Earth support life? a.

b.

Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees on its axis and c. has four seasons away from the equator.

Earth's atmosphere shields the surface d. from harmful UV radiation and liquid water is present.

Earth has a hot interior of both liquid and solid parts and plates that move on the surface. Earth has frozen water at its poles and a hole in its ozone layer.

23. The Earth's early atmosphere was much different than it is today. Which important gas was not present? a. carbon dioxide c. ozone b. nitrogen d. oxygen

24. On January 6th, 1998, NASA launched the $63 million Lunar Prospector. It discovered enough frozen water to fill a moderately sized lake. How might this discovery affect the future of space exploration? The water could be used to provide: a. water for a colony on the moon d. water for the earth's orbiting space

station b. oxygen for the people on the earth e. water for the space shuttle c. an atmosphere for the moon

What is it about the Earth, as compared to other planets in our solar system, which makes it conducive to life? a. It is the only planet with an atmosphere. c. It has liquid water. b. It is at the only distance from the sun that d. It is the only planet with a 24-hour day.

would support life in the solar system.

26. What is the purpose of including a control in a scientific investigation? To provide:

a. a correction for experimental errors b. an opportunity for repetition ofthe

experiment.

c. a basis for comparison d. a preliminary trial of the methods

27. In a lake organisms die and decompose. Decomposition uses large amounts of oxygen that \Vas

dissolved in the lake's water. The reduced level of oxygen in the lake would detem1ine which of the following?

a. the number of birds living around the c.

lake b. the amount of sunlight reaching the d.

lake

the kinds of fish living in the lake

the amount of run-off reaching the lake

28. You want to design an experiment that tests the influence of abiotic factors on plant growth. \Vhich abiotic factor would you test?

a. acidity ofthe soil c. insects infecting the plant b. species ofplants grown d. plant height

4

ID: B

29. Andrew did a study on the relationship between the age of trees and the number of sparrow nest sites. He hypothesized that he would find more nests in older trees than he would in younger trees. He found 355 sparrow nesting sites in trees over 50 years old and no nests in trees less than 50 years old. Andrew's conclusion was "Sparrows never nest in trees under 50 years old." Which of the following statements best describes Andrew's conclusion?

a.

b.

c.

The statement is valid because d. Andrew did not find any nests in trees less than 50 years old. The statement is invalid because it is e. difficult to determine the exact age of a tree without killing it. The statement is invalid because Andrew did not examine every sparrow nesting site worldwide.

The statement is valid because Andrew had a large sample size.

The statement is valid because Andrew's hypothesis matched his conclusion.

30. A rancher moved his herd of cattle to a mountain range pasture. Which example below indicated he exceeded the carrying capacity of that range?

a. The herd grew and prospered. d. The cows had more than one calf. b. The range became green and fertile. e. Too many people rode the cattle and

caused back problems. c. The range became overgrazed and

barren.

31. Joseph wanted to analyze the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors in a forest meadow. Which of the following would be suitable subjects for study?

a.

b.

The relationship between number of d. aspen trees and sparrow nests. The relationship between rainfall and e. stream volume.

c. The relationship between length of day and average daytime temperature.

5

The relationship between soil type and vegetation types. The relationship between rabbit feeding habits and number of clover plants.

ID: B

32. Studies about rainforest destmction raise the question, "Is it right that starving people destroy rainforests to provide food for their families?" How can science be used to answer this question?

a. Science can gather data that will help c. Science cannot be used to answer the people make a decision about question. rainforest destruction but it cannot, by itself, answer the question.

b. Science can gather data to show that d. Science can gather data to prove that starving people have no other way to biodiversity is more important than feed their families therefore they have individual people therefore people do the right to destroy rainforests. not have the right to destroy

rainforests.

33. Consider the claim "Biodiversity is essential to maintain a functioning ecosystem." Vv'hat would be at least one thing that would have to happen for this claim to be called a theory?

a.

b.

The claim would have to be proven to c. be tme by the scientific community. It would have to be supported by a lot d. of data that had been tested repeatedly.

Science would have to start accepting new theories. Ecosystems would have to depend on biodiversity.

34. In which biome is the growing season the shortest?

a. Deciduous forest c. Desert b. Tropical rain forest d. Grassland

35. The Kirtland Warbler nests only in 6- to 15- year-old jack pine trees. Why does this behavior increase their likelihood of going extinct?

a. If something were to happen to their c. food web, the biodiversity of the area would decrease.

b. If something were to happen to their d. migratory route, their fixed migratory pattern would be disrupted and they would not be able to migrate.

If something were to happen to their food supply, their specialized feeding habits would make it very difficult for them to find food. If something were to happen to their limited nesting area they would be unable to reproduce.

36. Extinctions have occuned since life began. \Vby are scientists concerned about plants and animals going extinct?

a. Scientists care more about plants and c. Extinctions are not a natural part of

b.

animals now than they did in the past. life; healthy ecosystems do not have

Extinctions cause meteorites to strike d. the Earth and scientist do not want that to happen.

6

extinctions. Current extinction rates are much higher than natural extinction rates.

W: B

3 7. As white settlers moved into Utah, natural predators such as bears, wolves, and cougars were killed or driven from the area. With the decrease of predator population the deer population exploded. Which of the following best describes an ecological reason for hunting?

a. lt provides more food for the deer. d. It replaces the function ofthe producers.

b. lt promotes physical activity. e. lt replaces the function of large predators.

c. It allows people another sources of food.

38. Two classifications of all the different species in a lake are made. ln one system, the organisms are classified by food chains. In the other, the organisms are classified by structural relationships. Which of the following statements is most reasonable'!

39.

a. One system of classification is more useful than the other.

b. Both systems may be correct and useful depending on the kind of problem being investigated.

BlOME BIOl\1E ONE TWO · Slow growth rate · Rapid growth rat<

· Low species · Highest species diversity diversity

· Low biomass ·High biomass

· 0-25 em average · 80-120 em ainfa1l per year average rainfall pe

year

· Nutrients in vegetation.

c. A system based on structural relationships is more accurate than one based on the food chain.

d. One system is correct: the other is incorrect.

BIOl\1E BlOME THREE FOUR · 80-120 em · 25-75 em averag average rainfall pe ·ainfa11 per year tyear

· Nutrient rich soi · Dominated by le~

· Dominated by dropping trees grasses. sedges

·Nutrient rich soil ·Medium biomas

·Medium biomass and species and species diversity diversity

Consider the above information (table 2-3 ).

In \vhich biome would you be most like to find a cactus?

a. Biome Four c. Biome One b. Biome Three d. Biome Two

40. Which of the following statements about Biome Two is an inference (see table 2-3 )?

a. Biome Two receives a lot of precipitation.

b. Biome Two has the greatest biodiversity.

c. Biome Two is a tropical rain forest.

d. Biome Two's nutrients are stored in the plants.

41. What is the major abiotic difference between Biomes Three and Four (see table 2-3):

a. Average temperature c. Soil type b. Types of plants growing in the biome d. Average rainfall

42. Consider the following statement:

ID: B

"One thousand acres of rainforest are destroyed daily. As the rainforest is destroyed, hundreds of unidentified species are destroyed. We must stop rainforest destruction immediately to preserve biodiversity. It is wrong to destroy rainforests."

Which of the following questions would help evaluate the scientific accuracy of the statement?

a. Where was the statement published? c. Who is destroying the rainforest? b. How has the United States d. Why is it important to preserve the

contributed to rainforest destruction? biodiversity housed in the world's rainforest?

43. Consider the following statement:

"One thousand acres of rainforest are destroyed daily. As the rainforest is destroyed, hundreds of unidentified species are destroyed. We must stop rainforest destruction immediately to preserve biodiversity. It is wrong to destroy rainforests."

Which piece of data would help evaluate the scientific accuracy of the statement?

a. The number of industries who own rainforest property.

b. The number of animals living in rainforests.

c. The number of new species identified annually in the world's rainforests.

d. The number of plants living in rainforests.

44. Consider the phrase "We must stop rainforest destruction immediately to preserve biodiversity. lt is wrong to destroy rainforests." Is the phrase a statement that science makes?

a. No because it is a value judgment. c. No because rainforests do not have much biodiversity.

b. Yes because biodiversity is important d. to maintain healthy ecosystems.

Yes because immediate action is required to save rainforests.

45. What kind of evidence do scientists use to locate boundaries of plates and interpret what type ofboundary is present? a. similar rock layers c. matching fossil records b. the way the continental coastlines fit d. distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes

together like a puzzle

8

ID: B

46. \Vhat kind of movement on a plate boundary causes mountain building? a. Convergent movement c. Transform movement b. Biome movement d. Divergent movement

47. Which of the following discoveries caused science to re-evaluate its opinion of Wagner's hypothesis about continental drift? a. Valley and delta land fom1s on Mars c. The coastlines of Africa and South

America have similar fossils b. Sea floor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean d. The global rate of volcanic activity has

changed over time

48. If science accepts the conclusion that continents have drifted, what are they assuming is true? a. Gravity works the same on Earth as it c. Carbon dating is an accurate way to

does on other planets and stars in the measure age umverse

b. Convection currents worked in the past d. The world's climate has changed a lot the same way they work now over time

49. Which of the following statements is NOT true: a. Oceanic lithosphere is continually being c. Coninental lithosphere is continually

recycled into the mantle being recycled into the mantle b. Continental lithosphere is older than d. Oceanic lithosphere dives underneath

oceanic lithosphere continental lithosphere

50. When a continental rift develops, it will most likely develop into a. continental divide c. continental rise b. ocean basin d. a mountain range

51. Which of the following is NOT a problem concerning dams on the Colorado River?

52.

a. wildlife habitat has been destroyed c. water becomes increasingly salty as it moves through the system

b. water no longer reaches Mexico d. they provide irrigation water and

The way to save the most water in your home is to: a. use less in cooking c. b. do less cleaning d.

hydroelectric power

put a brick in the back of the toilet use less water in the yard

53. Jill wants to measure the stream flow volume (amount of water flowing through a stream) of the stream that flows down a nearby canyon. What aspects of the stream should she measure?

54.

55.

a. The meters per second flow of the d. The width and lc:ngth of the stream. stream.

b. The width, depth, and meters per second e. flow of the stream.

c. The width, length, and depth of the stream.

Which factor affects the boiling point of water? a. the amount of air pressure present c. b. the longitude of the water's location d.

Why is water called the universal solvent? a. it can solve any problem c. b. it is found many places in the universe d.

9

The length, depth, and meter per second flow of the stream.

the latitude of the water's location the air temperature around the water

it is part of most living things it can dissolve many substances

lD: B

56. Which ofthe following aspects of stream water would NOT affect the types of life that could live in the stream? a. dissolved oxygen content d. temperature b. stream gradient e. molecular composition of water c. turbidity

57. What property of water allows ice to float at the North and South poles? a. Water changes color when it changes d. Liquid water is more dense than ice.

from ice to liquid water. b. Large pieces of ice float better than small e. Ice at low latitudes is more dense than ice

ones. at higher latitudes. c. Water changes temperature when it

changes from solid to liquid.

58. Water moves against gravity up a tree stem and upwards through soil. What property of water allows this to happen? a. solubility d. surface tension b. color e. density c. taste

59. Water expands when it freezes. What would happen if water did NOT expand when frozen?

60.

a. Water would not evaporate therefore d. Water would not dissolve many clouds would not form. There would be substances. It would be impossible to no snow or ram. make root beer or clean bathrooms.

b. Water would be more dense than wood e. Ice would sink, ponds would freeze from therefore wood would not float. Beavers the bottom up, and many aquatic plants would be adversely affected. and animals would die.

c. The surface tension would be destroyed. Water striders and other creatures that walk on the v.·ater's surface would sink.

Use this dia~;Jram of the Earth's suriace to answer the folluwin1j questions:

Diagrarn 4-1

The edge labeled "E" is called the: a. reclamation dam c. water table b. recharge area d. watershed

10

61. "E" (in diagram 4-1) will remain in the same place if: a. losses at "B" and "C" are less than gains c. losses at "B" and "C" are greater than

at "D" b. snow and rain from "D" replace the

losses at "A" and "B"

gains at "D" d. the well at "A" doesn't pump more than

"B"

ID: B

62. If more wells were built (in diagram 4-1 )and a great deal of water was pumped from them, what might happen to the river? a. the wells would not affect the river c. it's flow would increase b. more snow would melt and maintain the d. it's flow would decrease

balance

63. Insecticides sprayed on a field near point "C" arc found in the wc11 water (in diagram 4-1 ). How did they get there? a. they evaporated into the air and were

drawn in as the well pumped b. they fell from the clouds

c. they were carried by water flowing through the soil

d. the well was open when they were sprayed

64. Where would you expect the greatest number of living organisms in the ocean? a. on the surface c. in the lowest regions b. in the top 1 00 meters d. in the top half mile

65. Where in the ocean would large schools of fish most likely be found? a. near river mouths c. near undersea volcanoes b. in deep water d. in areas of upwelling

66. Which process returns nutrients and gases collected in deep ocean water to the surface? a. currents c. waves b. rip tides d. upwelling

67. What is the main cause of ocean currents? a. waves c. coriolis effect b. prevailing winds d. sun and the moon

68. When do areas of upwelling in the ocean occur? a. When the currents collide and form c. When fish gather for feeding

whirlpools b. When the tides are at their lowest d. When surface water is replaced by deep

water 69. What is the main cause of waves 011 the ocean?

a. wind c. the moon b. tides d. cunents

70. What is the main cause of ocean tides? a. currents c. the sun and the moon b. wind d. waves

71 . What type of changes would you expect as you go down from the ocean's surface to its bottom? a. Temperature and light decrease; pressure c. Temperature and pressure increase; light

and density increase. and density decrease, b. Temperature and density decrease; light d. Temperature, pressure, light, and density

and pressure increase. all decrease.

11

ID: B

72. Ocean organisms have adapted to live in salty water. Chin Li is curious about what range of salinity ocean organisms can tolerate. Which of the following field studies could she conduct to satisfy her curiosity?

73.

a. Expose sea urchin eggs to solutions of d. Expose sea urchin eggs to saline varying saline concentrations and solutions of varying concentrations and temperatures and collect data on egg collect data on egg survival rates. survival rates.

b. Expose sea urchin eggs to salt water of e. Expose sea urchin and goldfish eggs to varying temperatures and collect data on fresh and salt water and collect data on egg survival rates. egg survival rates.

c. Expose goldfish eggs to saline of varying concentrations and collect data on egg survival rates.

Diagrarn 4-2 Cross-section of the ocean

~~.~----------------------------------------

f

The feature labeled "A" is called the: a. continental shelf c. ridge b. continentalrise d. abyssal plains

74. The greatest number and kind of living things would be found in which area (see diagram 4-2)? a. A c. E b. B d. C

75. Which of the following removes C02 from the atmosphere? a. burning coal c. rainforest trees b. spraying aerosol cans d. cars

76. Nitrates and sulfates emitted by cars and industry can con1bine in the atmosphere with water vapor to form: a. Ozone c. Smog b. Fog d. Acid rain

77. Which of the following is NOT an effect of acid rain? a. Increase in temperature c. Loss of aquatic life in rivers and streams b. Disintegration of buildings, statues, d. Death and stunting of trees

tombstones

12

ID: B

78. The reaction of chemical pollutants with one another in sunlight produces: a. Photochemical smog c. Nitrogen b. Less pollution d. Acid rain

79. In the carbon cycle, how does carbon enter living organisms? a. Respiration by animals. c. Decomposers release carbon dioxide. b. Photosynthesis by plants. d. Humans burn coal.

80. Which of the following is an example of an ethical question raised by science that science cannot answer? a. Can companies make cars that release c. Should the government require people to

less carbon dioxide? buy cars that release less carbon dioxide? b. Are the levels of carbon dioxide d. How does carbon dioxide trap the sun's

increasing in the upper atmosphere? ultra violet rays? 81. Burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. If we continue to add carbon dioxide to the

atmosphere at the current rate, how will this affect the carbon cycle? a. The number of carbon atoms on Earth d. The number of carbon atoms in the

will decrease. b. The number of carbon atoms on Earth

will increase. c. The number of carbon atoms in the

atmosphere will decrease.

atmosphere will increase. e. the carbon cycle will be unaffected.

82. Which of the following statements is true about the ozone? a. Ozone is a pollutant in both the lower c. Ozone is a protectant in the lower

and upper atmosphere. atmosphere and a pollutant in the upper atmosphere.

b. Ozone is a protectant in both the lower d. Ozone is a pollutant in the lower and upper atmosphere. atmosphere and a protectant in the upper

atmosphere. 83. Which substance is considered the main cause ofthe "ozone hole"?

a. chlorofluorocarbons c. carbon dioxide b. water vapor d. methane

84. What is the most likely effect of the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere? a. tropical rainforest destruction c. ozone depletion b. warmer atmosphere d. acid rain

85. Coal, oil and natural gas are the results of the slow breakdown and decay of which organisms? a. plants c. zooplankton b. insects d. dinosaurs

13

ID: B

86. Tess designed an experiment to measure how color affects the absorption of solar energy. She covered one Styrofoam cup with a black, nylon sock and another Styrofoam cup with a white, cotton sock. She left a third cup uncovered. She filled all three cups with 100 ml of room temperature water and set them in the sun. After 60 minutes, she measured the temperature of each of the cups. Which of the following statements accurately describes Tess's experimental design? a. The design was valid because Tess d. The design is valid because she used two

measured the absorption of solar energy. variables. b. The design is flawed because 60 minutes e. The design is flawed because she used

is not long enough to measure the different materials as well as different absorption of solar energy. colors.

c. The design is flawed because water temperature cannot be used as an indicator of the absorption of solar energy.

87. Hans designed an experiment to measure the effect of color on the absorption of solar energy. He put a 3m x 3m black plastic tarp and a 3m x 3m clear plastic tarp over a snow back that was lm deep. At 4:00pm each day for a week he measured the amount of snow remaining under the tarps. Which of the following statements accurately describes Hans6s experimental design? a. The design is flawed because the results d. The design is flawed because it tests two

cannot be quantified. variables. b. The design is flawed because it has no e. The design was valid because Hans

controls. measured the effect of color on the absorption of solar energy.

c. The design is flawed because it has two controls.

88. Heat is a form of energy. Why? a. It can change into other forms. b. It is found everywhere. c. It can be produced in many ways.

d. It happens to atoms. e. It can do work.

89. Which of the following is NOT considered a 'greenhouse' gas? a. Carbon dioxide c. Methane b. Water vapor d. Nitrogen

90. The 'greenhouse effect' could cause a number of problems. Which is NOT a problem associated with it? a. changes in weather patterns c. changes in ocean currents b. rising sea level d. increased skin cancer

91. Ms. Magnificent, Lance's Earth Systems teacher, gave him an assignment to design and conduct an energy related experiment. Lance decided to compare the amount of energy required to melt ice with the amount of energy required to melt snow. Which of the following hypothesis compares the energy required to melt ice with the energy required to melt snow? a. Ice is 50% more dense than snow. d.

b. If energy is applied to snow and ice, then e. it will change water from a liquid to a so lid state.

c. If salt is applied to snow and ice, then snow will melt faster.

14

If the polar ice caps melted, then how many cities would be flooded? lf energy is applied to snow and ice, then it will require 50% more energy to melt ice than snow.

ID: B

92. What is the principle cause of the Corio lis Effect? a. ocean currents c. Earth's rotation b. winds d. isolation

93. Why does the Pacific Ocean current along the west coast of the United States influence the weather in Utah? a. It brings cool water coming from the c. It brings warm water coming from the

south, which cools the air. north, which warms the air. b. It brings warm water coming from the d. It brings cool water coming from the

south, which warms the air. north, which cools the air.

94. Scientists are able to look at distant galaxies and planets due to technological advances. \Vhich instrument has helped them look the farthest into the universe?

Matching

a. Space Shuttle c. Space Probes b. Hubble Telescope d. Ground-based Observatories

Match the following properties of water with their corresponding role in Earth's Systems in questions 117-123. Properties may be used more than once. a. suspension e. surface tension b. evaporation f. universal solvent c. condensation g. capillary attraction d. expands when frozen

95. Fish can breathe under water because water carries dissolved oxygen. 96. Water removes halite from rocks as it flows over and through them. 97. Water moves up the stems of plants and trunks of trees. 98. Polar ice caps float on the ocean surface. 99. Water molecules form droplets.

100. The lower Mississippi often looks like a river of mud because the water carries billions of small particles as it flows.

101. Snow and rain form in clouds and fall to the ground.

Match the letter of the correct answer with the questions 127-131 below: a. Burning of fossil fuels d. Wood burning stoves b. Aerosol sprays e. Car exhaust and sunlight c. Coal burning power plants

102. Acid rain 1 03. Particulates l 04. Photochemical smog 1 05. Carbon dioxide 106. Chlorofluorocarbons

15

ID: B

Short Answer

107.

Number of Individ­uals

0 10 20

Temperature

30 40

The graph above shows the population counts of three different kinds of organisms grown at various temperatures. Please answer the following five questions using the information in the graph. Mark each statement as a fact (A) or inference (B)

___ Population A is most variably affected by temperature.

16